土工专业词汇大全.docx

1、土工专业词汇大全1. 综合类大地工程geotechnical engineering 反分析法back analysis method基础工程foundation engineering临界状态土力学critical state soil mechanics数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics土soil, earth土动力学soil dynamics土力学soil mechanics岩土工程geotechnical engineering 应力路径stress path应力路径法stress path method2. 工程地质及勘察变质岩metamorphic rock标

2、准冻深standard frost penetration 冰川沉积glacial deposit冰积层（台）glacial deposit残积土eluvial soil, residual soil层理beding长石feldspar沉积岩sedimentary rock承压水confined water次生矿物secondary mineral地质年代geological age地质图geological map地下水groundwater断层fault断裂构造fracture structure工程地质勘察engineering geological exploration海积层（台）m

3、arine deposit海相沉积marine deposit花岗岩granite滑坡landslide化石fossil化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock阶地terrace节理joint解理cleavage喀斯特karst矿物硬度hardness of minerals砾岩conglomerate流滑flow slide陆相沉积continental sedimentation泥石流mud flow, debris flow年粘土矿物clay minerals凝灰岩tuff牛轭湖ox-bow lake浅成岩hypabyssal rock潜水ground water侵入

4、岩intrusive rock取土器geotome砂岩sandstone 砂嘴spit, sand spit山岩压力rock pressure深成岩plutionic rock石灰岩limestone石英quartz松散堆积物rickle围限地下水（台）confined ground water泻湖lagoon岩爆rock burst岩层产状attitude of rock岩浆岩magmatic rock, igneous rock岩脉dike, dgke岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering 岩石构造structure of rock岩石结构texture of ro

5、ck岩体rock mass页岩shale原生矿物primary mineral云母mica造岩矿物rock-forming mineral褶皱fold, folding钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section3. 土的分类饱和土saturated soil 超固结土overconsolidated soil 冲填土dredger fill充重塑土冻土frozen soil, tjaele非饱和土unsaturated soil 分散性土dispersive soil粉土silt, mo粉质粘土silty clay高岭石kaolinite过压密土（台）overconsoli

6、dated soil 红粘土red clay, adamic earth黄土loess, huangtu(China)蒙脱石montmorillonite泥炭peat, bog muck年粘土clay年粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil欠固结粘土underconsolidated soil区域性土zonal soil人工填土fill, artificial soil软粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle砂土sand湿陷性黄土collapsible loess, slumping loe

7、ss素填土plain fill塑性图plasticity chart碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed stone, deritus未压密土（台）underconsolidated clay无粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil岩石rock伊利土illite有机质土organic soil淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush淤泥质土mucky soil 原状土undisturbed soil杂填土miscellane

8、ous fill正常固结土normally consolidated soil 正常压密土（台）normally consolidated soil 自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess4. 土的物理性质阿太堡界限Atterberg limits饱和度degree of saturation饱和密度saturated density饱和重度saturated unit weight比重specific gravity稠度consistency不均匀系数coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient触变thixot

9、ropy单粒结构single-grained structure蜂窝结构honeycomb structure干重度dry unit weight干密度dry density塑性指数plasticity index含水量water content, moisture content活性指数级配gradation, grading 结合水bound water, combined water, held water界限含水量Atterberg limits颗粒级配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composition of soil

10、可塑性plasticity孔隙比void ratio孔隙率porosity粒度granularity, grainness, grainage粒组fraction, size fraction毛细管水capillary water密度density密实度compactionness年粘性土的灵敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil平均粒径mean diameter, average grain diameter曲率系数coefficient of curvature三相图block diagram, skeletal diagram, three phase diagra

11、m三相土tri-phase soil湿陷起始应力initial collapse pressure湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility缩限shrinkage limit土的构造soil texture土的结构soil structure土粒相对密度specific density of solid particles土中气air in soil 土中水water in soil 团粒aggregate, cumularpharolith限定粒径constrained diameter相对密度relative density, density index相对压密度r

12、elative compaction, compacting factor, percent compaction, coefficient of compaction絮状结构flocculent structure压密系数coefficient of consolidation压缩性compressibility液限liquid limit液性指数liquidity index游离水（台）free water有效粒径effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size 有效密度effective density有效重度effecti

13、ve unit weight重力密度unit weight自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic water组构fabric最大干密度maximum dry density最优含水量optimum water content5. 渗透性和渗流达西定律Darcy s law管涌piping 浸润线phreatic line临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient流函数flow function流土flowing soil流网 flow net砂沸sand boiling渗流seepage渗流量s

14、eepage discharge渗流速度seepage velocity渗透力seepage force渗透破坏seepage failure渗透系数coefficient of permeability渗透性permeability势函数potential function水力梯度hydraulic gradient6. 地基应力和变形变形deformation变形模量modulus of deformation 泊松比Poisson s ratio布西涅斯克解Boussinnesq s solution 残余变形residual deformation残余孔隙水压力residual por

15、e water pressure超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure沉降settlement沉降比settlement ratio次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation地基沉降的弹性力学公式elastic formula for settlement calculation分层总和法layerwise summation method负孔隙水压力negative pore water pressure附加应力superimposed str

16、ess割线模量secant modulus固结沉降consolidation settlement规范沉降计算法settlement calculation by specification回弹变形rebound deformation回弹模量modulus of resilience回弹系数coefficient of resilience回弹指数swelling index建筑物的地基变形允许值allowable settlement of building剪胀dilatation角点法corner-points method孔隙气压力pore air pressure孔隙水压力pore

17、water pressure孔隙压力系数Apore pressure parameter A孔隙压力系数Bpore pressure parameter B明德林解Mindlin s solution纽马克感应图Newmark chart切线模量tangent modulus蠕变creep三向变形条件下的固结沉降three-dimensional consolidation settlement瞬时沉降immediate settlement塑性变形plastic deformation谈弹性变形elastic deformation谈弹性模量elastic modulus谈弹性平衡状态sta

18、te of elastic equilibrium体积变形模量volumetric deformation modulus先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure压缩层压缩模量modulus of compressibility压缩系数coefficient of compressibility压缩性compressibility压缩指数compression index有效应力effective stress自重应力self-weight stress总应力total stress approach of shear strength最终沉降final settleme

19、nt 7. 固结巴隆固结理论Barron s consolidation theory比奥固结理论Biot s consolidation theory超固结比over-consolidation ratio超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure次固结secondary consolidation次压缩（台）secondary consolidatin单向度压密（台）one-dimensional consolidation多维固结multi-dimensional consolidation固结consolidation固结度degree of consolida

20、tion 固结理论theory of consolidation固结曲线consolidation curve固结速率rate of consolidation固结系数coefficient of consolidation固结压力consolidation pressure回弹曲线rebound curve井径比drain spacing ratio井阻well resistance曼代尔克雷尔效应Mandel-Cryer effect潜变（台）creep砂井sand drain砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained

21、ground时间对数拟合法logrithm of time fitting method时间因子time factor太沙基固结理论Terzaghi s consolidation theory太沙基伦杜列克扩散方程Terzaghi-Rendulic diffusion equation先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure压密（台）consolidation压密度（台）degree of consolidation 压缩曲线cpmpression curve一维固结one dimensional consolidation有效应力原理principle of effe

22、ctive stress预压密压力（台）preconsolidation pressure原始压缩曲线virgin compression curve再压缩曲线recompression curve主固结primary consolidation主压密（台）primary consolidation准固结压力pseudo-consolidation pressureK0固结consolidation under K0 condition8. 抗剪强度安息角（台）angle of repose不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength残余内摩擦角residual angle

23、of internal friction残余强度residual strength 长期强度long-term strength单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tension test动强度dynamic strength of soils 峰值强度peak strength伏斯列夫参数Hvorslev parameter剪切应变速率shear strain rate抗剪强度shear strength抗剪强度参数shear strength parameter抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法total st

24、ress approach of shear strength库仑方程Coulomb s equation摩尔包线Mohr s envelope摩尔库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb theory内摩擦角angle of internal friction年粘聚力cohesion破裂角angle of rupture破坏准则failure criterion十字板抗剪强度vane strength无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength有效内摩擦角effective angle of internal friction 有效粘聚力effective cohes

25、ion intercept有效应力破坏包线effective stress failure envelope有效应力强度参数effective stress strength parameter有效应力原理principle of effective stress真内摩擦角true angle internal friction真粘聚力true cohesion总应力破坏包线total stress failure envelope总应力强度参数total stress strength parameter9. 本构模型本构模型constitutive model边界面模型boundary s

26、urface model 层向各向同性体模型cross anisotropic model超弹性模型hyperelastic model德鲁克普拉格准则Drucker-Prager criterion邓肯张模型Duncan-Chang model动剪切强度非线性弹性模量nonlinear elastic model盖帽模型cap model刚塑性模型rigid plastic model割线模量secant modulus广义冯米赛斯屈服准则extended von Mises yield criterion广义特雷斯卡屈服准则extended tresca yield criterion加工

27、软化work softening 加工硬化work hardening 加工硬化定律strain harding law剑桥模型Cambridge model柯西弹性模型Cauchy elastic model 拉特邓肯模型Lade-Duncan model拉特屈服准则Lade yield criterion理想弹塑性模型ideal elastoplastic model临界状态弹塑性模型critical state elastoplastic model流变学模型rheological model流动规则flow rule摩尔库仑屈服准则Mohr-Coulomb yield criterio

28、n内蕴时间塑性模型endochronic plastic model内蕴时间塑性理论endochronic theory年粘弹性模型viscoelastic model切线模量tangent modulus清华弹塑性模型Tsinghua elastoplastic model屈服面yield surface沈珠江三重屈服面模型Shen Zhujiang three yield surface method 双参数地基模型双剪应力屈服模型twin shear stress yield criterion双曲线模型hyperbolic model松岗元中井屈服准则Matsuoka-Nakai yi

29、eld criterion塑性形变理论谈弹塑性模量矩阵elastoplastic modulus matrix谈弹塑性模型elastoplastic modulus谈弹塑性增量理论incremental elastoplastic theory谈弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space foundation model谈弹性变形elastic deformation谈弹性模量elastic modulus谈弹性模型elastic model魏汝龙KhoslaWu模型Wei Rulong-Khosla-Wu model文克尔地基模型Winkler foundation model修

30、正剑桥模型modified cambridge model准弹性模型hypoelastic model10. 地基承载力冲剪破坏punching shear failure次层（台）substratum地基subgrade, ground, foundation soil地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基允许承载力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基稳定性stability of foundation soil汉森地基承载力公式Hansen s ultimate bearing capacity formula极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium加州承载比（美国）California Bearing Ratio局部剪切破坏local shear failure临塑荷载critical edge pressure梅耶霍夫极限承载力公式Meyerhof s ultimate bearing capac