1、1第一讲名词的数第一讲:名词定义:表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称,如:boy、morning、bag、classroom、orange、考点二 名词的复数形式一、可数名词变复数规则变化及发音:1、直接加s;eg:bookbooks;deskdesks;penpens;carcarss遇t读浊辅音ts,遇d读清辅音dzeg:friendfriends;catcats;2.、以s、x、ch、sh结尾的单词,加-es;读音规则:读iz;eg:busbuses;boxboxes;watchwatches;dishdishes3、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,要把y变为i,再加-es;读音规则:读z。e
2、g:flyflies;babybabies;eg:toytoys;boyboys;4、以-f或-fe结尾的名词,要将-f或-fe变为-v,再加es;读音规则:读vz;eg:knifeknives;leafleaves;thief-thieves 特殊:safe(保险箱)、roof(屋顶)、gulf(海湾)、belief(信念)直接加s(口诀:我有一个信念,在屋顶和海湾,一定有许多保险箱)均可:handkerchief-handkerchiefs-handkerchieves5、以-o结尾的名词,一般来说有生命的加es,无生命的加s(有生命需要消耗更多能量则多加);读音规则:读z。eg:toma
3、totomatoes西红柿;potatopotatoes土豆;heroheroes英雄;NegroNegroes黑人其余eg:zoozoos;photo-photos; 特例hippohippos zero-zeroes-zeros均可6.名词变复数不规则变化:1.单词内部发生变化:口诀“oo常常变ee,男人女人a变e”eg:footfeet脚;toothteeth牙齿;manmen男人;womanwomen女人;2.单复数相同:“羊鱼小鹿无变化,单数复数是一家”eg:sheepsheep绵羊;fishfish鱼;deerdeer鹿; 注意:中国的计量单位没有复数eg:3li,4jin,8yu
4、an,16mu,但除人民币圆角分外,英镑发廊美元等都有复数形式eg:2 dollars,3pounds3.不规则变化:childchildren孩子;mousemice老鼠;4“某国人”的复数有三种类型:口诀“中日不变,英法变,其它S加后边”(1)Chinese,Japanese单数复数同形,不需加s;(2)Englishman,Frenchman,Dutchman复数要把man变为men;(因为他们是合成词不是专有名词)(3)其他各国人以an,-ian收尾的均直接加s。如:Americans,Australians,GermanGermans德国人(专有名词,加s); the British
5、、the French/the Chinese等名词表示国民总称时,做复数用。Eg:The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。5.只有复数形式的单词(表示由两部分构成的东西):glasses,gloves,shortsclothes,socks如要表达具体的数目则要借助量词pair,suit,a pair of glasses, a suit of cloths6.集合名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数eg:people、police、cattle,不能说a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a po
6、liceman,a head of cattle 7.以s结尾,但仍为单数的词:maths,politics,physics等学科名词为不可数名词,是单数。News新闻是不可数名词8.代词的复数变化:I -we she/he/it-they you-you this-these that-those be动词is-are二.不可数名词:(uncountable noun简写un)不可数名词概念:不可以数出数目,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西。包括物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质)和抽象名词(表示抽象概念的词)。总体来讲,词义属于抽象beauty等、物质air,bee
7、r,gold等、属类business,money等、学科时,多为不可数,一旦实指物体,则必可数。液体状water、tea、coffee、milk糊状块状cream、bread、pizza、rice气体状gas 、air、肉类meat、 mutton、pork、chicken、beef常见的不可数名词:water、paper、exercise,information,news,food,fruit,snow,salad,housework,homework,money,juice,powder,rain,wind,ice,hair,rice,population,bread,coke,jam,h
8、oney,chocolate,fish,space,advice(suggestion可数),salt,cake,sand不可数名词特点:不可数名词没有复数形式,也不能与a,an及数词连用,常作单数看待。谓语用单数形式例:waterTheressomewaterinthebottle.foodMyfavoritefoodisnoodles.不可数名词如表数量,常和abottleof,aglassof,apiece of等名词词组连用。如表示复数,只把量词改为复数。例:abottleofpop一瓶汽水,twoglassesoforangejuice两杯桔子汁,threecupsoftea三杯茶,
9、apieceofpaper一张纸有些物质名词有时可数,有时不可数,要根据上下文决定,其意义也有所不同。Glass(玻璃)glasses(眼镜)fruit-fruits(各种水果)waters水域 fishes各种鱼集体名词看作整体时,谓语用单数;指成员时,谓语用复数。Hisfamilyisalargefamily.Hisfamilylikeanimals.指整体指成员有的名词单复数意思不同:例:hair和fruit通常作单数,表示总体。Myhairisblack.我的头发是黑色的。Ilikefruit.Itsgoodforyou.我喜欢水果,水果对你的身体有好处。但如果表示若干根头发或各种水果
10、,则需用复数形式.Dannyhasthreehairs.丹尼有三根头发。Shelikespears,peachesandotherfruits.他喜欢梨,桃和其它水果。名词单复数练习.写出下列单词的复数形式:fish- boy- watch- knife- leaf- wife- baby- family- man- woman- child- tooth- goose- mouse- sheep- peach-picture- Chinese- he- his- I-this- is- it- that-.将下列句子改为复数句子:1.Heislookingafterthebaby._2.It
11、sabigheavybox._3.Thispictureisnice._4.Sheisabeautifulwoman._5.Imagoodchild._6.Thatsadeliciouspeach._.将下列句子改为单数句子:1.Theseareredcoats._2.Theyremystudents._3.Theyrewomenworkershere._4.Thosearebeautifulflowers._.划出下列单词中的不可数名词:meatpopshirtfoodknifesnowwatericeteaorangetruckcarjamearbreadmilknoodleseraser
12、clothes根据括号内的词填空1.Isthisyour_(notebook).2.Thosearemytwo_(brother).3.Thatsmy_ (sister).4.Theyrehis_ (parent).5.Thesearemy_ (friends).6.Issheyour_(aunt)?7.Hereismyfamily_ (photo).8.Hereareyour_(mathbook).9.The_ (watch)areonthedresser.10.The_(boy)overthereismybrother.11.The_(boy)inredarehisbrothers.12.Canyoubringsome_(thing)toschool?13.Thosearemy_(CD).14.Letsplay_(volleyball).15.Letsplaythe_(drum).16.Wehavemany sports_(club).17.EdSmithhasagreat_(sport)collection.18.Ilikeplayingcomputer_(game).19.Hehas8ten
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