初中英语语法代词讲解.docx

1、初中英语语法代词讲解初中英语语法-代词讲解(总7页)初中英语语法 代词代词：为了避免重复而用来代替其他词的词。种类：1) 人称 2) 物主 3) 反身4) 指示 5）不定6) 疑问7) 相互代词：each other, one another互相， 其所有格加-s8) 关系代词：which， who，that，whom，whose等 引导定语从句9) 连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever10）替代词：one(单数), ones(复数） 用于替代前面出现的同类事物。但ones必须和形容

2、词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前，则用some, any，而不用ones。如：Have you bought any rulers?Yes，I ve bought some.一、人称代词1.人称代词的形式单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一第二第三主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem2.人称代词的句法功能功能例句主格作主语Theyare fourteen years old. /Sheis a Chinese teacher.宾格作动词宾语The box is too heavy. Let me help?you. / I like?

3、itvery much.作介词宾语Mary didnt want to go with?me.作表语- Who is standing over there?- Its?me.it的特殊用法指时间Itis early spring, but its already very hot.指天气Itrained _（大）last night.指距离Its about five _（minute）walk from here to the library.How far is it from your school to your home?作形式主语、形式宾语Itis very nice of yo

4、u to help me.I find?iteasy to learn English well.指前文提到的物-Wheres my book -Its over there.指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人The baby is crying. It may be hungry.3.人称代词的排列顺序（单数231，复数123）当两个以上的人称代词一起作主语时，单数按二、三、一人称排列（即you, he / she, I）；复数按一、二、三人称排列（即we, you, they）。但是如果做错了事需要承担责任时，要把说话人（I）放在第一位。如：It was I and John that ma

5、de her angry. 是我和约翰惹她生气了。二、物主代词1.物主代词的形式单数复数物主代词形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs2.物主代词的基本用法功能例句特别提示形容词性物主代词作定语Hermother is a kind-hearted doctor.Theirroom is clean and tidy.形容词性物主代词作定语，相当于形容词。名词性物主代词(相当于省略了中心名词的-s属格结构)作主语That is his computer.Minedoesnt work.名词性物主代

6、词在句中不能单独作定语。如：Hers math is better than mine.（错！句中的_应改为_）作宾语Her spoken English is better than?yours.作表语This ballpen is?hers. Where is mine?与of连用作定语The red skirt?of hersis very beautiful.3.物主代词的特殊用法在双重所有格中只能用名词性物主代词。如：我的一个朋友a friend of mine ,她的一个同学 a classmate of hers , each brother of his.三、反身代词1.反身代

7、词的形式反身代词又叫自身代词，表示动作返回到动作发出者本身。人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself,herself, itselfthemselves2.反身代词的句法功能功能例句特别提示作宾语Little Jimmy can dress?himselfnow.She cooked?herselfa good meal.两句中动作的执行者与承受着均是同一个人，故宾语只能用反身代词，不能用him和her。作表语The boy in the photo is?myself, not Tom.I am not myself

8、 today. 我今天不舒服。作同位语（强调）The baby?itselflaughed.I?myselfwent to visit my teacher.此句中，反身代词itself也可放在laughed的后面。和by等介词搭配，构成固定短语Never leave the child by?himselfat home.I dont think I can do it by?myself.初中常用的由反身代词构成的短语有：（见下）3.由反身代词构成的习惯用语help oneself to 随便吃come to oneself 苏醒过来，醒悟，恢复知觉dress oneself 自己穿衣服

9、say to oneself 自言自语enjoy oneself 玩得开心lose oneself in迷路于，全神贯注于之中，消失于teach oneself 自学 look after oneself by oneself 亲自 learnby oneself 自学 leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下 hurt oneself 伤了自己make yourself/yourselves at home 不必拘束 四、指示代词单数this这，这个that那，那个such这样的人或物same同样的人或物复数these这些those那些例句Thisis Bill speaki

10、ng. Who isthatWhere will?thesepupils goDo you like?those They are the latest fashion.I have never seen?sucha clever child before.Those two dresses are?the same.He said?the samething again and again.1. that 用来代替前面提到的不可数名词，those代替复数名词。 The weather today is finer than that yesterday.The students in thi

11、s school are different from those in that one.2. 打电话时，用that询问对方是谁，用this介绍自己。This is Jack speaking. Is that Mrs Black speaking?说明：That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较：(对) He admired that which looked beautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。(对) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（

12、those指人）(错) He admired that who danced well.（that作宾语时不能指人）(对) He admired those who danced well.他赞赏跳舞好的人。（those指人）(对) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。（those指物）五、疑问代词疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词，引导名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）如：Tell me who he is. 告诉我他是谁。格指人指

13、物指人或物主格who谁what什么which哪个，哪些宾格whom谁所有格whose谁的whose谁的whose谁的说明1： 无论是做疑问代词还是限定词，which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定的范围内，例如： Which girls do you like best 你喜欢哪几个姑娘 What girls do you like best 你喜欢什么样的姑娘说明2：Whom是who的宾格，在书面语中，它作动词宾语或介词宾语，在口语中作宾语时，可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom, 例如： Who(m) did you meet on t

14、he street 你在街上遇到了谁（作动词宾语） Who(m) are you taking the book to 你要把这书带给谁（作介词宾语，置句首） To whom did you speak on the campus 你在校园里和谁讲话了（作介词宾语，置介词后，不能用who取代。）六、不定代词：不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有a11，both，each，every等，以及含有some-，any-，no-等的合成代词，如anybody， something，no one。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，但none和由some，any，no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语；every和no只能作定语。如：- Do you have a car -你有一辆小汽车吗 - Yes，I have one.-是的，我有一辆。- I dont know any of them. 他