中考单词及短语句子易错详解.docx

1、中考单词及短语句子易错详解1. for 正I wanted to go to the pub（酒吧） for a drink. 正I wanted to go to the pub to have a drink. 析用for表示目的时，其后面只能接名词，而不要接动名词。 误I went to the office for seeing the headmaster. 正I went to the office to see the headmaster. 析用不定式来表示动作的目的。 误I will leave Beijing to Shanghai. 正I will leave Beiji

2、ng for Shanghai. 正I will leave for Shanghai. 析leave for为一固定搭配，不要改动。 误I bought a book to you. 正I bought a book for you. 误He is a friend for us. 正He is a friend to us. 析在英文中“为”一词在泛指时用to, 在特指时要用for. 误This food is good to us. 正This food is good for us. 析词组be good (bad) for 表示“对有好（坏）处”。 误For I was feelin

3、g quite hungry, I wanted to have lunch. 正I wanted to have lunch, for I was feeling quite hungry. 析for作为“因为”讲时一般不要置于句首，而且口气也比because弱的多。 2. forget 误I left my key. 正I left my key at home. 正I forgot my key. 析leave是“丢下”之意，所以一定要接地点状语，而forget是“忘记”，所以不用接地点状语。 误Please dont forget posting my letter on your w

4、ay home. 正Please dont forget to post my letter on your way home. 析要注意forget to do something为“忘了去作某事”，而forget doing something则应译为“对已经作过的事记不起来了”。如：He forget returning the book to the library. 应译为“他忘记已把书还给图书馆这件事了。”同样用法的词还有remember和regret遗憾. 3. free正You can speak freely in front of my parents.析free作为副词时

5、意为“免费”、“不必付款”，如：You can eat free in my restaurant. 而freely则意为“自由地”、“无限制地”。 4. French 误She comes from French. 正She comes from France. 析French是“法语”、“法国的”，而France才是“法国”。5. friend 误He nodded to me friendly. 正He nodded to me in a friendly fashion. 析friendly是形容词，不是副词。在英语中应避免讲He is a friend of my mother. 又

6、比如：I go to school with my friend. 从语法上讲是对的但不是习惯上英语的说法。而应讲He is a friend of my mothers. I go to school with a friend. be friends with 则是“交朋友”之意，例如：I hope you will be friends with me. 而不应讲I hope you will be my friend. 交朋友还有一惯用法是make friends. 6. from 正Where do you come from? I come from England. 正Where

7、 did you come from? I came from the library. 析Where do you come from?应意为“你是从什么国家（地方）来的?”（即意为“你是哪的人?”）而Where did you come from?才是“你刚刚从哪来?” 7. front 误There are three tall trees in the front of my house. 正There are three tall trees in front of my house.析in front of是某物体外部的前面，而in the front of是在某物体内部的前面。如

8、：The bus driver sits in the front of the bus. 8. game 正He went to America to take part in the Olympic Games. 析game作为“运动会”讲时应用其复数形式，而具体一个游戏则可用其单数形式。如：Our school team won the game. 9. German 误They are Germen. 正They are Germans. 误She comes from German. 正She comes from Germany. 析German是“德国人”、“德国的”、“德语”，

9、其复数形式是Germans；而Germany才是德国。 10empty 误Are these seats empty? 正Are these seats taken? 析empty是指空洞的没有任何物体，如：The house was empty. 其意思是没有任何家具或屋内无人。但座位是否有人坐应用taketooktaken 12. enjoy 正I enjoy playing football. 析enjoy后要接动名词，而不接不定式。还接反身代词，enjoy oneself玩得开心 正Did you enjoy yourself at the English evening? 13. e

10、nough 误Im sorry. You are not studying enough carefully. 正Im sorry. You are not studying carefully enough. 析enough要用在形容词或副词之后。 误Do you have enough of money? 正Do you have enough money? 正Do you have enough of the money? 误The coffee isnt enough. 正There isnt enough coffee. 析enough可以作be动词的表语，但其主语应是代词，如：Th

11、ats enough. It was enough.如果是名词时应换用上面的句型。 14. entrance 正The entrance to the cinema is on your right. 析在表示通往某处时entrance后面多用to作介词。这样的用法还有key to the door, answer to the question等。 16. evening ，morning，afternoon误I walked home in a cold evening. 正I walked home on a cold evening. 析in the evening这些词如加上另外的修

12、饰词则其介词应换为on如on a rainy morning. 17. everyone 误Everyone of you goes to class. 正Every one of you goes to class. 析everyone其后不能接of结构。在否定句中如果要讲“每一个人都没有注意到它”，就译作：Nobody noticed it. 要注意Every one of us is not right. 应译为“我们不都对。”而None of us are right. 才应译为“我们全错了。” 18. except 正The room is clean except for two

13、desks. 正I come here every day except Sunday. 析在同一类物体中排除某一部分用except, 在不同类物体中排除某一物体时用except for. 而except that其后接从句，如：She is a good girl except that she is careless sometimes. 而besides则是“包括在内”，如“我学习英语同时还学法语。”应译为：I study English besides French. 19. fail 正Tom failed in his exam. 正Tom failed to pass the e

14、xam. 析fail为不及物动词，其后可用in加名词，或直接接不定式。 20. family 误Im sorry I have to go. Toms families are waiting for me. 误Im sorry I have to go. Toms family is waiting for me. 正Im sorry I have to go. Toms family are waiting for me. 析family是集合名词，把它当作整体看它是单数，如看作家庭中的每个成员则为复数。如：Your family are very kind to me. My famil

15、y is very large. 21. far 误My school is ten miles far from here. 正My school is ten miles away from here. 析far一般不与实际距离连用。 误- Did you walk far? - Yes, I walked far. 正- Did you walk far? - Yes, I walked a long way. 析一般肯定句中不用far单独作状语，而用a long way. far组成的常用词组有：as far as. （1）远至，一直到。如：He walked as far as th

16、e station. （2）就而言。如：As far as he was concerned these books were very good. （3）只要。如：I can help you as far as I can. so for相当于up to now到目前为止。例：He is very well so far. 22farther, further far有两个比较级，即farther和further，其意思略有不同：farther主要用于表示距离的远近，如：Milan is farther away than Rome. 而further则是指“进一步的”，如：Will we

17、 need any further discussion on this matter. 23. fast 误A fast train runs fastly. 正A fast train runs fast. 析fast其形容词与副词形式相同。 fast, soon fast指行动本身的速度快，如：The foreigner speaks too fast. 而soon则多指两个动作之间间隔短，时间到来的迅速，如：She will come soon. 24. feel 误I feel badly about my mistakes. 正I feel bad about my mistake

18、s. 析感观动词如feel, smell,look, sound ,seem,keep, turn,get,等后面要接形容词而不是副词。feel good是指某人精神好，而feel well是指人身体状况良好。 正I try not to hurt her feelings. 析feeling在作“感情”讲时要用复数，而作“感觉”讲则要用单数。如：I have a feeling that we will win the game. 25dress误My father bought a new dress for himself yesterday.正My father bought a ne

19、w suit for himself yesterday.析一般来讲男套装用suit, 女服则用dress;误The mother dressed the clothes on her child.正The mother dressed her child.析dress作及物动词当“穿衣服”讲时，其后不能接衣服而只能接人，如：The boy is still too young to dress himself. 但作为一种穿着打扮的状态时，则多用其过去分词作形容词，如：He is not dressed in his new suit.或She is dressed in red. 词组dr

20、ess up是过节日时应服装整齐，如：They dressed up for the holiday.dress, have on, put on, wear要区别这几个动词需分清是表示动作的动词还是表示状态的动词。表示状态的动词是have on和wear, 如：He has on a white coat. He was wearing heavy shoes. 而put on则表示穿衣的动作，如：Put on your coat, it is cold outside.而dress既可以作状态又可以作动作，作动作讲时其后面接人而不能接衣服，作穿着状态时则多用dressed的形式。如：I s

21、aw a lady dressed in red. I saw a girl dressing herself.26. drop误The students fell their voice.正The students dropped their voice.析drop与fall都可以表示“落下、掉下”之意，有时可以互换，如：The dictionary fell (dropped) from the table. 但drop还可以作及物动词，而fall一般只能作不及物动词。误I shall drop in you.正I shall drop in on you.析drop in是随便拜访某人，

22、而其后要接人时应加介词on再加人称。27. during误During I was sick, I couldnt eat well.正While I was sick, I couldnt eat well.析during后不能接从句，而when和while后可接从句。正I have been studying English for three days。析during不能表达一个动作持续多长的时间，而只能表达在某段时间内某事件的发生。即带有由during引导的时间状语的句子只能用过去时，不能用完成时。28. each 误Every of them has his habit. 正Each

23、 of them has his habit. 析each可以作形容词，但也可作代词，而every只能作形容词。 误The manager comes to America almost each month. 正The manager comes to America almost every month. 析each与every都作形容词讲时，都有“每个”之意，但有不同。each多指个体，而every则多指整体。如：We want every student to succeed. each不同来表达总体概念，所以不能与almost, nearly, likely等词连用。 误We eac

24、h has a book. 正We each have a book. 析each 作同位语时，其数应与其同位的名词相同，而each作主语时则应取其单数形式。 each other, one another each other与one another这两个词组的区别在很多。语法书中强调each other是两者之间，而one another是多者之间，其实不然，如：All students must care for each other, must love and help each other. 事实上这两个词组是同义的，如果要讲有什么区别的话，当我们非常笼统地谈，而不特指什么人时，多

25、用one another. 29. early 误Could you come here more early? 正Could you come here earlier? 析单音节和少数双音节副词的比较级和最高级要用-er和-est来作其结尾，如fast, soon, early, hard, long, near等。 30. earth 误What on the earth do you mean? 正What on earth do you mean?析on earth这一词组在句中为的是加强语气，其意为“究竟”、“到底”。而作为“地球”讲时则要加定冠词，如：How far is the

26、 earth from the moon. 而作为“泥土”讲时则为不可数名词，如：He filled the pot with earth and wanted to plant some flowers. 31. easy 析easy只在有限的词组中被用作副词，如take it easy（不要紧张），go easy, stand easy等。例如：Easy come, easy go.（钱来得容易花得也快。）Easier said than done.（说的容易做着难。） 32. east 误Japan is on the east of China. 正Japan is to the ea

27、st of China. 析在讲述地理位置时，有3个介词常用，它们是in, on和to, 其中in表示处于所表达的范围之内，如：Shanghai is in the east of China. on则表示双方接壤，如：North Korea is on the northeast of China. 而表示互不相接的两部分时则用to, 如：Taiwan is to the east of Fujian. 33. either 误- I dont like opera.- I dont like too. 正- I dont like opera.- I dont like either. 析

28、在否定句中用either表示“也”，而在肯定句中用too表示“也”。 误Either you or I are right. 正Either you or I am right. 析这在语法书中被称作就近原则，即哪个主语离谓语动词近，则应采用与哪个主语相一致的谓语动词，相同用法的还有neither. nor .，not only. but also .，以及or在连接两个主语时。如：You or he is to go home. The others will have to stay in the classroom. 34. elder 误My older brother has gon

29、e to Shanghai. 正My elder brother has gone to Shanghai. 析在表示兄姐的长幼时应用elder表示“哥哥姐姐”，如：my elder sister 姐姐，但表示岁数时则多用older，如：She is two years older than I. 35. both误They both are students.正They are both students.正They both refuse （拒绝）to answer this question.析both作同位语时，一般要用在be动词之后实意动词之前。正I know both his pa

30、rents.正Both the brothers were students.正Both brothers were students.析当both与形容词性物主代词my，his，her等以及定冠词the连用时，都应将这些词置于both之后。另外，在与定冠词连用时the可以省略。正Neither of my parents are at home.正Neither of your answers is right.正Both your answers are wrong.析both不能用于否定句中作主语。表示“两者都不”时要用neither；但作宾语时both与either则都对，但要注意句意有所不同。例如：I can not give both of the books to you.（我不能将两本书全给你。）而I can not give either of the books to you.（两本书中哪本书也不能给你。）36. bring误Please bring this dictionary to Mr Brown.正Please take this dictionary to