学习古筝基础的知识点整理.docx

1、学习古筝基础的知识点整理古筝学习的基本知识1.古筝结构筝的结构由筝首、筝尾、面板、底板、侧板、雁柱、琴弦构成，其中筝首包含调音盒、前岳山、弦钉、弦枕、穿线孔；筝尾包括后岳山、穿弦孔；底板有2-3个出音孔；筝的形制为长方形木质音箱，弦架“筝柱”（即雁柱）可以自由移动，一弦一音，按五声音阶（宫、商、角、徵、羽，即1、2、3、5、6，无4、7两音，4、7需左手按弦变化而得）排列定弦。2.戴义甲大指：将义甲戴在指肚上，向指尖左上方斜出45度佩戴。 食指、中指：将义甲戴在指肚上，顺指 甲生长方向直戴 3. 演奏姿势（1）座椅标准：第一个琴码的高度与自己的腰部平行 。（2）双腿摆放：自然弯曲，左脚稍前，右

2、脚稍后放好。（3）上半身姿势：上身端正，后背挺直，只坐凳子的前半部分。第一个弦码对准身体正中间位置，身体离琴一拳距离。（4）双手放松呈半握拳状弹琴。4.琴弦介绍绿色琴弦都唱“5”（sol），共有四根绿色琴弦，有粗有细，由细到粗，分别代表D调古筝的21弦对应的音名、唱名如图所示：（从下往上1-21弦） （倍高音1）简单乐理知识：全音符：1 - - -（4拍） 二分音符：1 -（2拍） 四分音符：1 （1拍） 八分音符：1 （半拍）5.基本指法勾中指往掌心方向的弹奏叫做“勾”，标记符号“”，从基本手型出发，中指搭在弦上，指小关节往掌心发力，动作要小，音色要集中。抹食指往掌心方向的弹奏叫做“抹”，标

3、记符号“”，从基本手型出发，食指搭在弦上，发力、动作与中指相同。托大拇指往食指方向的弹奏叫做“托”，标记符号“”，从基本手型出发，大拇指搭在弦上，掌关节保持不动，指关节往食指方向发力，动作要小，不要带动虎口，手腕不要下垂。连托大撮大拇指与食指同时往掌心方向弹奏叫“大撮”，标记符号“”，从基本手型出发，大拇指与中指略张，两指之间呈“”形状放在弦上，其它手指自然下垂，然后两指同时向掌心发力，动作要小，大撮多用在八度音的演奏上。基本功练习：（每小节重复两边）（一）勾托练习（二）大撮练习（三）抹指（捻指）练习颤音又称“吟”弦。符号；右手弹弦之后，左手均匀地上下起伏按、松琴弦。步骤一：先单独练习左手动作

4、，在琴弦上先练习排皮球的感觉。手型：左手握拳，掌心向下，将左手的食、中、无名三指并齐，稍微弯曲呈弧形轻放在琴弦上，大指小指自然放松放好，整个左手有点像数字六的手势；动作：在保持手型的基础上，均匀地上下起伏按、松琴弦。十次上下算一组。（一开始慢练，随着熟练程度慢慢加快速度）上滑音上滑音标记符号为“”，通常标在该音的右上方。弹奏方法：（1）右手先弹弦，发出声音后用左手的食指、中指指腹或食、中、无名指指腹在该弦左侧的弦段上（距琴码约15cm左右），借助腕部力量按弦，重心往食指方向倾斜。（2）左手按弦必须按到所需的音高，通常是要求按到该音的上一级音高位置上。例如：1音的上滑音滑出音高是2，3音的上滑音

5、滑出音高是5（古筝的音阶排列是，因此3音要滑到5音，6要滑倒音）。（3）按规定的时值按滑，通常滑音的时值占原音时值的二分之一。例如，四分音符的1音，弹奏其上滑音时，所听到的效果应该是二八节奏的；八分音符的3音上滑音效果应该是十六分节奏的。下滑音标记符号是“”，通常标在该音的左上方。弹奏时左手手型、重心、按弦的距离均与上滑音、颤音相同。其弹奏方法是：（1）左手提前按住琴码左侧要弹奏的弦，等右手弹奏发出声音后，再换换松开左手。（2）左手按弦跟上滑音一样，必须按到所需的音高，通常是要求按到该音的上一级音高的位置上。例如：音的下滑音弹完后缓缓放手滑出音高是6，3音的下滑音滑出音高是2。按音、7（四）小

6、星星6.练习曲（五）沧海一声笑春江花月夜 知识赠送以下资料英语万能作文(模板型）Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that.随着社会的不断发展，出现了越来越多的问题，其中之一便是_。As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes.然而，对于此类问题，人们持不同的看法。(Hold different

7、attitudes 持不同的看;Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法)As society develops, people are attaching much importance to.随着社会的发展，人们开始关注.People are attaching more and more importance to the interview during job hunting求职的过程中，人们慢慢意识到面试的重要性。As to whether it is worthwhile ., there is a long-running controve

8、rsial debate. It is quite natural that people from different backgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it.关于是否值得_的问题，一直以来争论不休。当然，不同的人对此可能持不同的观点。In the process of modern urban development, we often find ourselves in a dilemma.在都市的发展中，我们往往会陷入困境。Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern,

9、some people are in alarm that.最近，这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注，有人开始担心_。The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history, with the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention.人类进入了一个历史的崭新的阶段，经济全球化、都市化的速度不断加快，随之给我们带来了很多问题。. plays such an impo

10、rtant role that it undeniably becomes the biggest concern of the present world, there comes a question, is it a blessing or a curse?_显得非常重要而成为当今世界所关注的最大的问题，这是无可厚非的。不过，问题是：我们该如何抉择?Now we are entering a new era, full of opportunities and challenges,现在我们正在进入一个充满机会和挑战的新时代。People from different backgroun

11、ds would put different interpretations on the same case.不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。The controversial issue is often brought into public focus. People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue.这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注。不同的人对此问题的看法也不尽相同。When asked ., some people think. while some prefer

12、.说到_，有人认为_，而另一些人则认为_。Just as the saying goes: so many people, so many minds. It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person.俗话说，。不同的人对此有不同的看法是可以理解的。To this issue, different people come up with various attitudes.对于这个问题，不同的人持不同的观点。There is a good side and a bad side to

13、everything, it goes without saying that.万事万物都有其两面性，所以，勿庸置疑，_。When it comes to ., most people believe that ., but other people regard .as .提到_问题，很多人认为_，不过，一些人则认为_是_.When faced with., quite a few people claim that ., but other people think as.提到_问题，仅少数人认为_，但另一些人则认为_。There is a public controversy nowad

14、ays over the issue of . There who criticize .argue that ., they believe that .,but people who favor ., on the other hand, argue that.目前，_问题争议较大。批判_的人认为_，他们认为_，不过，另一方面，赞同_的人则认为_。Some people are of the opinion that. 有些人认为_。Many people claim that. 很多人认为_。A majority of 绝大多数A large number of 很多人Some peop

15、le contend that . has proved to bring many advantages (disadvantages)有些人认为_有很多有利之处(不利之处)。Those who argue for . say that .economic development of the cities.觉得_的人认为，_ 城市的经济发展。Some people advocate that .有些人在坚持认为_。They hold that . 他们认为_。People, who advocate that ., have their sound reasons (grounds)坚持认

16、为_的人也有其说法(依据)。Those who have already benefited from practicing it sing high praise of it. 那些从中受益的人对此大家褒奖。Those who strongly approve of . have cogent reasons for it.强烈认同_的人有很多原因。Many people would claim that. 有人会认为_。People who support . give some or all of the following reasons.那些支持_观点的人列出了如下原因：_。But

17、others hold the view that .但是，另外一些人则认为_。观点的用词：Attitude, opinion, 与其搭配的动词以及词组：Take, have, come up with，set forth, put forward等。But on the other hand, there are also quite a few people who strongly advocate that.,.不过，另一方面，也有少部分人坚持认为_。But people who are ., on the other hand , maintain that.不过，另一方面，_的人认

18、为_。However, there are a large number of people who hold a different view concerning this case.然而，很多人对此有不同的看法。问题用词：Issue, phenomenon，后接介词, on, over等。However, some others argue that. 然而，另一些人则认为_。However, there are also some others who contend that.然而，也有人认为_。But other people set forth completely totall

19、y different argument concerning this case.不过，对于此，另一些人则持完全不同的观点。Some people examine this issue from another angle.有的人用另一角度来看这一问题。On the other hand, there are also many opponents who strongly .另一方面，也有很多反对的人，他们认为_。According to my personality and fondness, I would prefer . rather than.根据我的个性以及兴趣，我选择_而不会

20、选择_。Personally, I side with the latter (former) opinion.就我个人而言，我支持后者(前者)_。Personally, I am in favor of the former point of view.就我个人而言，我较同意前一种看法。To my point of view 我认为To my mind, the advantages far overweigh the drawbacks(disadvantages, shortcomings)我认为，优点胜过缺点。For my part, I stand on side of the la

21、tter opinion that.就我而言，我较赞同后一种观点_。As far as I am concerned, I am inclined to be on the side of the latter view.在我看来，我较同意后一种观点。After a thorough consideration, for my part, I am in favor of the latter view that. 经过深思熟虑，我较支持后一种看法，亦即_。If asked to make a decision, I would prefer.如果真的需要作出选择，我宁愿_。展现问题篇问题的常

22、用词：question, problem, issueRecently, the issue of . has been brought into public focus.近来，_的问题引起了社会的广泛关注。Now we are entering a brand new era full of opportunities and innovations, and great changes have taken place in peoples attitude towards some traditional practice.现在我们进入了一个充满机遇和创新的崭新时代，很多人对某些传统的

23、看法也发生了很大改变。Recently the issue of whether or not . has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public.近来，是否_的问题已经非常明确而且引起了社会的广泛关注。The issue whether it is good or not to . has aroused a heated discussion all over the country._的利与弊已在全国范围内引起热烈的讨论。At present, some people think .while ot

24、hers claim .Both sides have their merits.目前，一些人认为_而另一些人则认为_。其实，两种观点都其可取之处。People rarely reach an absolute consensus on such a controversial issue.对于这种极具争议的话题，我们很难作出绝对的回答。People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case.不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。The controversial issue

25、 is often brought into public focus. People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue.这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注。不同的人对此问题的看法也不尽相同。When asked ., some people think. while some prefer.说到_，有人认为_，而另一些人则认为_。Just as the saying goes: so many people, so many minds. It is quite understand

26、able that views on this issue vary from person to person.俗话说，。不同的人对此有不同的看法是可以理解的。To this issue, different people come up with various attitudes.对于这个问题，不同的人持不同的观点。There is a good side and a bad side to everything, it goes without saying that.万事万物都有其两面性，所以，勿庸置疑，_。When it comes to ., most people believe that ., but other people regard .as .提到_问题，很多人认为_，不过，一些人则认为_是_.When faced with., quite a few people claim that ., but other people think as.提到_问题，仅少数人认为_，但另一些人则认为_.