高中英语 Module 6 Old and New Period Three Grammar.docx

1、高中英语 Module 6 Old and New Period Three GrammarPeriod ThreeGrammar & Writing一、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句相比较，非限制性定语从句是指与主句关系不十分密切，只对主句中的先行词作补充说明作用的定语从句。其标志是主句和从句之间用逗号隔开。1.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词指人时用who，whom和whose；指物时用which。This is our headmaster，who I think has something important to tell you.这是我们的校长，我认为他有重要的事情要告诉你。My

2、elder sister has become a doctor，which I wanted to be.我大姐成了一名医生，我原来也想做一名医生的。2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词有when和where。当先行词指时间时，关系副词用when；指地点时用where。Chaplin lived the last years of his life in Switzerland，where he was buried in 1977.卓别林在瑞士度过了他的晚年，1977年他被安葬在那里。He left his hometown in 1992，when he was only 12 years

3、 old.他于1992年离开家乡，当时他只有12岁。3.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句存在许多不同之处，主要有以下几点：(1)引导词不同：关系代词that，关系副词why均不可以引导非限制性定语从句。(2)非限制性定语从句与主句关系不很密切，中间用逗号隔开，译成汉语时，通常译成两句话；而限制性定语从句常与主句一起译成一句话。I have two foreign teachers，both of whom are from America.我有两个外教，他们都来自美国。The foreign teacher who comes from America teaches us literatur

4、e.美国来的那位外教教我们文学。(3)非限制性定语从句的引导词无论在从句中作什么成分，均不可省略；而在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词可省略。This is the man (that/who/whom) we are talking about.这正是我们正谈论的那个人。This is the man，whom we talked about just now.这就是那个人，我们刚才谈论过他。(4)在限制性定语从句中，指人时，作宾语的whom可以用who或that代替，但在非限制性定语从句中不可以代替。He is the very person (whom/who/that) we ref

5、erred to.他正是我们提到的那个人。4.as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别。(1)as在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，这个定语从句说明整个句子。as既可以放在主句之后，也可以放在主句之前，还可放在主句之中，有“像一样，正如，正像”的意思。As we all know，he studies very hard.(as作宾语)我们都知道他学习用功。As is known to all，he is the best student in our class.(as作主语)众所周知，他是我们班上最好的学生。Taiwan，as is known to all，is an inse

6、parable part of China.(as作主语)大家都知道，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。(2)which引导的非限制性定语从句既可指代整句话的内容，也可指代某个词或词组，但是不能放于句首。He was late for the meeting，which made the chairman very angry.他开会迟到了，主席为此非常生气。I want to buy the house，which has a garden.我想买这座房子，它带有一个花园。即时跟踪1用适当的关系词填空(1)Li Leis father，who was an engineer before his

7、death，died when Li Lei was very young.(2)Sydney，which is the largest city in Australia，is not its capital city.(3)Confucius，whose influence on Chinese people has been the greatest，was born in 551 BC.(4)She has two sons，the older of whom has just graduated from college.(5)As is often the case with hi

8、m，he was fined for speeding.(6)At last he came back to the small village，where he was born and brought up.二、定语从句中的省略定语从句可以省略或简化，主要通过以下形式：1.省略作宾语的关系代词在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词有who(m)，which，that。在限制性定语从句中，当who(m)和that作宾语用于指人时可以互换使用，通常可以省略；当that和which作宾语用于指物时，两者也可以互换使用，也通常省略。Is that the man (whom/who/that) you ga

9、ve your ticket to？(whom，who和that可以省略)那个是你把票给他的人吗？Is that the address (which/that) you sent the telegram to？(which和that可以省略)那是你发电报的地址吗？2.当先行词是way，且在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系词可用in which或that，也可以省略。That was the way (in which/that) she worked the problem out.她就是用那种办法解决问题的。3.有时为了行文需要，定语从句中的关系代词和部分谓语动词可以省略。The house

10、 (which was) damaged in the fire will be rebuilt soon.大火中损坏的房子不久就要被翻修。The plan (which is) being discussed is of great importance.正在讨论的这个计划非常重要。温馨提醒有些定语从句不能按上述方法直接省略，而需变动词为分词。The train that leaves from Platform 5 goes to Beijing.The train leaving from Platform 5 goes to Beijing.第五站台开出的火车驶往北京。Yesterda

11、y we had a meeting which lasted two hours.Yesterday we had a meeting lasting two hours.昨天我们举行了一个持续两小时的会议。即时跟踪2用定语从句改写句子中的划线部分(1)The building built last year is our teaching building.The building which was built last year is our teaching building.(2)The man speaking to our teacher is a doctor.The man

12、 who is speaking to our teacher is a doctor.(3)The boys helped the people hurt in the accident.The boys helped the people who/that were hurt in the accident.用适当的关系词填空1.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.，influenced the development of chop

13、sticks.(2016全国)2.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved.(2016浙江)3.Many young people，most of whom were welleducated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2016江苏)4.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the

14、weather may be better.(2016天津)5.Opposite is St.Pauls Church，where you can hear some lovely music. (2015北京)6.China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. (2015福建)7.It is a truly delightful place，which looks the same as

15、 it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages. (2015湖南)8.The books on the desk，whose covers are shiny，are prizes for us. (2015四川)9.The number of smokers，as is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.(2015江苏)10.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work where a good impression is a must.(2014江苏).单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner， might not be served until 8 oclock at night.(2013新课标全国，短文改错)2.There，Katia will introduce me to some of