高考英语短文改错介词考点.docx

1、高考英语短文改错介词考点高考英语短文改错介词考点介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语、表语、定语或宾语补足语。介词可分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语)This machine is in good condition.(表语)Where is the key to my bike?(定语)She always th

2、inks herself above others.宾补一、介词的分类1从用法分类介词类型例词例句表示方位at, before, behind, below, etc.There must be something behind it.表示时间about, after, at, before, by, etc. He came home after 3 days. 表示原因、目的for, with, from, etc. He died from cancer. 表示对于to, for, over, at, with, etc.The book is really difficult for

3、me. 表示手段、方式by, in, with, etc.I will defend the motherland with my life. 表示除去but, besides, except, etc.We all went to the supermarket except Tom. 表示比拟as, like, above, over, than, etc. They united as one man. 表示结果to, with, without, etc. Man cant live without water. 2从构造分类介词分类构成例词简单介词只有单独一个词的介词after, a

4、t, on, in, during, since, till, across, over, through, past, near, to, above, by, for, down, from, of, off, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, up, with, about, against, along, among, around, etc. 复合介词由两个单词合成的介词into, inside, onto, outside, throughout, towards, upon, within, without, etc

5、. 短语介词形容词，分词或副词+介词according to, away from, down to, inside of, near to, opposite to, owing to, etc. 连词+介词as for, as to, because of, etc. 介词+介词(又称双重介词) from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between, etc. 介词+名词+介词by means of, in front of, in spite of, on account of, with regard to, etc.

6、其他thanks to, etc.由其他词类转用分词concerning, considering, including, regarding, etc. 形容词或副词like, near, opposite, round, next, etc. 连词than, but(除之外), etc.名词despite(不顾；不管), etc.【考点一】考察with/without复合构造介词with/without+名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语/动词不定式/分词分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。With all the things

7、 she needed bought, she went home happily.Possibly this person died without anyone knowing where the coins were hidden.单项填空It was a pity that the great writer died _ his works unfinished. A. for B. with C. from D. of解析：选B。考察with复合构造。works 与unfinish之间为动宾关系，所以用过去分词表示被动。如果名词或代词与后面的动词是主谓关系，那么用现在分词表示主动。【

8、考点二】考察工具、手段、方式介词1by, in, on三词都可表示旅行的方式不涉及交通工具的名词时用by，名词前不加冠词。如by sea, by water, by land, by rail, by air等。涉及交通工具的名词时用by，名词须用单数形式，前面不加冠词或任何修饰语。如by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/boat, by train, by spaceship等。当旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通工具时，用on或in，名词前加冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。如travel to New York in this plane，leave on an

9、 early train，go to school on my bike等。注意：步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。如on foot，on horseback，on a horse，on the camel。2with, by, in三词均意为“用，表示行为的工具、手段或方式。with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。They are digging with a pick/spade.We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs.by, in, on, over, through

10、等介词多用于无形的工具或方式手段之前。如by hand, in ink, on the telephone, over the radio, through the telescope等。注意：使用语言、原料、材料时，用in表示，如in English/Japanese；in blue ink等。表达“用方法/式时，所用介词有：in this/that/the same way，by means of，by this/that means，with this/that method等。【考点三】考察of+抽象名词的用法“of+抽象名词的用法与形容词一样，在句中可作表语、定语、补语。of+gre

11、at/much +抽象名词=very+名词的形容词形式of+no+抽象名词=not+名词的形容词形式It is of great value.=It is very valuable.It is of no use.=It is useless. The camel is of great help to the Arab. The camel is very helpful to the Arab.【考点四】考察表示程度的介词by, to, beyondby 表示“增加了；to表示“增加到；beyond表示“围, 限度超出。This new model of car is so expens

12、ive that it is beyond the reach of those with average ines.单项填空Sorry, Madam. Youd better e tomorrow because its _ the visiting hours.A. during B. at C. beyond D. before解析：选C。考察介词的用法。句意为：对不起，女士，你最好明天来，因为已经过了开放时间了。beyond时间晚于，迟于。【考点五】考察介词but的固定搭配have no choice but to do只得做某事； cant help but do不得不做； cant

13、 but do不得不只能； cant choose but do只得做某事； but for要不是。I have no choice but to accept his conditions.There was no taxi that day, I couldnt choose but stay there foranother night.【考点六】考察to ones+情感类名词to 与情感类名词连用，表示“某人因某事的发生而唤起其心的某种情感。常见的构造有：toonesdelight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regretto the delight/surp

14、rise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret of sb.。这种构造表示结果，用作状语，通常置于句首，也可置于句中或句末。假设要加强该构造的语气，有两种方式：在名词前加great, deep等形容词修饰；在整个短语前加副词greatly, much等修饰。To his disappointment, he failed again.【考点七】考察名词与to构成的固定搭配key, approach, solution, answer, entrance, visit, attitude等与to构成固定搭配：the key/approach/solution/answer/entra

15、nce/visit/attitude to.。It is said that they have adopted a new approach to teaching English.【考点八】考察介词by的用法(1)by+地点名词。表示方位，意为“在旁边。注意：表示“从旁边经过时,多与动词go/walk/pass等词连用。(2)by+时间名词，意为“到时已发生某事；最晚,不迟于,在之前,此时谓语多用完成时。(3)by+名词。可用来表示方法、方式、手段等。by+the+可数名词(时间、长度、重量等),意为“按计算;按买(卖)。by+表示时间、长度、重量等总称的不可数名词名词前不加冠词,意为“按

16、计算，按买(卖)。by+表示交通工具、交通方式名词名词前不加冠词，不用复数,意为“通过；由；乘。by+抽象名词或具有抽象意义的普通名词名词前不加冠词，不用复数，意为“靠；通过；由所致。by+地点或工具等具体名词。表示路线、途径，意为“通过某物、某地；取道。by+动词-ing，意为“通过；靠；凭。(4)by+数量词。表示升降、增减的程度。表示距离和面积、体积中的尺寸及乘除法中的运算。(5)by+身体部位/衣服类名词。表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一局部，常与catch/seize/take/hold/grab等动词连用。It takes a long time to go there by train

17、; its quicker by road.The man entered the room by the back door.The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year.Milk is sold by the pint, butter by the pound, and eggs by the dozen.二、课堂练习1 Bill insisted in staying near the car. in 改为 on，insist on 为固定搭配全国卷2 Suddenly we caught

18、sight at a car and some men. at 改为 of，catch sight of是习语，意为“看见全国卷3 When I have free time I go a long walk. go 后加 for，go for a walk 是习语全国卷4 When they came down the police were angry to them. to 改为 with，要表示对某人生气，英语习惯上用be angry with sb全国卷5 Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a ho

19、spital since they are ill. 去掉 for，因其前的 get 是及物动词全国卷6 and some books， for example， books for history， science， cooking and gardening are also popular. books for 改为 books on，此处的 on 意为“关于全国卷7 I never knew about a ride down a river could be so exciting. 去掉 about 或将 about 改为 that，因动词 knew 后可直接跟宾语从句，无需用介词

20、全国卷8 It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station. for 改为 of，注意句型 Its kind of sb to do sth全国卷9 In fact， they are planning to visit China in next year. 去掉 in，在由 next， this， last 等构成的时间短语中，一般可直接用作时间状语，无需加 in， on， at 这样的介词全国卷10 We practise for three times every week. 去掉 for，在表示频率的名词前通常不加

21、介词全国卷11 We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. instead 后加 of，instead of 为复合介词，在此表示“而不是全国卷12 Unfortunately， there are too many people among my family. among 改为 in，in my family 意为“在我家里全国卷13 I was happy with any programme but the others spent a lot time arguinga lot 后加 of，因 a

22、 lot 不能直接修饰名词全国卷14 Thanks very much on inviting me to your birthday party on Sunday. on 改为 for，thanks for doing sth 意为“因某事而感某人春季卷15 So Im really sorry that I wont be able to e in this time. 去掉 in，因 this time 可直接用作状语春季卷16 but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together. 去掉 about，因 about 后没

23、有接宾语，about 属多余全国卷17 For instance， on one night he played strong and loud music till four oclock in the morning. 去掉 on，因 one night 可直接用作状语春季卷18 I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. 去掉 at，the moment 在此用作连词，相当于 as soon as全国卷19 His parents asked him to spend in mor

24、e time preparing for the college entrance examination. 去掉 in，spend 是及物动词，其后可直接跟名词作宾语春季卷20 I feel sorry to him. to 改为 for，be / feel sorry for sb 意为“为某人感到难过春季卷21 Because so much viewing， children may not develop the habit of reading and the ability to enjoy themselves. Because 后加 of，因 so much viewing

25、相当于名词春季卷22 On one year the average child will see 25，000 television mercialsOn 改为 In，意为“在一年中春季卷23 The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese 去掉 that 前的 in，was 后是一个以 that 引导的宾语从句，in 是多余的全国卷24 Im sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. So I feel unhappy every day. to 改为 at，laugh

26、 at 意为“嘲笑全国卷25 You can find all kinds information in just a few minutes on the Internet. kinds 后加 of，a kind of 意为“一种，all kinds of意为“各种各样的XX卷26 But I have spent lots my money， lots后加of，lots / a lot后不能接名词；后接名词时，要用lots of，a lot of卷27 you will probably want to join in the Stamp Collectors Club去掉 in，表示“参

27、加，参加某个组织，join 后不要再加介词 in；表示“参加某项活动时，才加 in卷28 We have a lot on mon and have a lot to talk about. on 改为 in，因为 have sth in mon 是固定搭配，意为“有共同的卷介词单句改错1 We must serve for the people heart and soul.2 I followed the man for a while， and saw him enter into the bank.3 Soon the nurse married with my friend Jim.

28、4 I took a great many of photographs in the mountains.5 In English class， we often talk each other in English.6 Dont talk. What the man says is well worth listening.7 The chair looks hard， but it is fortable to sit.8 She was very kind and insisted lending her car to us.9 I asked to her what she woul

29、d be doing on Saturday.10 Are you glad to be going to back to school？11 On his way to home， he met one of his old friends Jack.12 Please close the door at next time you e in.13 Thousands of people go to the seaside in every year.14 We can finish the work either this week or in next week.15 We walked

30、 down the stairs instead taking the elevator.16 We could not have heard them because the noise from the river.17 Dont be angry to me for not having writtenI was really too busy.18 Ive read a lot books about animals.19 He invited us to dinner， which was very kind for him.20 I knew that there was no hope on the moment I saw him.21 Dont go by plane. Its a lot of more expensive.22 Except milk and cheese， we all need vegetables.23 On my way back， I called at Mr Smith at his office.参考答案1去