情态动词的定义.docx

1、情态动词的定义情态动词的定义情态动词的定义:情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。We can be there on time tomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。May I have your name?我能知道你的名字吗？Shall we begin now?我们现在就开始吗？You must obey the school rules.你必须遵守校规。情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dare

2、d), shall (should), will (would) .情态动词的位置:情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前,谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中,情态动词则在主语之前。I can see you. Come here.我能看见你，过来吧。He must have been away.他一定走了。What can I do for you?你要什么？How dare you treat us like that！你怎能那样对待我们！情态动词的特点:情态动词无人称和数的变化,情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加not。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,

3、过去式用来表达更加客气,委婉的语气,时态性不强,可用于过去，现在或将来。He could be here soon.他很快就来。We cant carry the heavy box.我们搬不动那箱子。Im sorry I cant help you.对不起，我帮不上你。情态动词的用法:1 can (could) 表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及客观条件许可,could为can的过去式。Can you pass me the books?你能给我递一下书吗?Could you help me, please?请问,你能帮助我吗?What can you do?你能干点什么呢?Can you

4、 be sure?你有把握吗?can 和could只能用于现在式和过去式两种时态,将来时态用be able to来表示。He could help us at all.他完全可以帮助我们。With the teachers help,I shall be able to speak English correctly.由于老师的帮助,我将能准确地讲英语。2may (might) 可以,表示说话人同意,许可或请求对方许可。You may take the book home.你可以把书带回家去.May I come in?我可以进来吗?May I use your dictionary?我可以用

5、你的词典吗?You may put on more clothes.你可以多穿点衣服.He said he might lend us some money.他说他可以借给我们一些钱。may 否定式为may not,缩写形式是maynt.might 是may的过去式,有两种用法,一种表示过去式，一种表示虚拟语气,使语气更加委婉,客气或对可能性的怀疑。He told me he might be here on time.他说他能按时间来。Might I borrow some money now.我可以借点钱吗?He might be alive.他可能还活着。must 用来指一般现在时和一般

6、将来时,过去式可用have to的过去式代替。I must finish my work today.我今天必须完成我的工作。You mustnt work all the time.你不能老是工作。Must I return the book tomorrow?我必须明天还书吗?After such a long walk, you must be tired.走了这么长的路,你一定困了。He must be the man I am looking for.他一定是我要找的人。He had to go because of somebodys callinghim that day.那天他

7、要走是因为有人叫他。must + have + 过去分词,表示现在对过去事物的推测。He must have told my parents about it.他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。He must have received my letter now.他现在一定收到我的信了。Its six oclock already, we must have been late again.已经六点钟了，我们一定又迟到了。must 和have to的区别: must表示说话人的主观思想, have to表示客观需要。You must do it now.你必需现在就干。(说话人认为必须现在干)

8、I have to go now.我得走了。(客观条件必须现在走)4 need需要 多用在否定式或疑问句中.Need I attend the meeting tomorrow?我需要明天参加会议吗?You need not hand in the paper this week.这一周你不必交论文。need 是一个情态动词,他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样,但need还可当作实义动词使用,这时need就象其他动词一样,有第三人称,单复数,后面加带to的动词等特性。I need a bike to go to school.我上学需要一辆自行车。Do you need a dictionary?

9、你需要词典吗?She needs a necklace.她需要一条项链。neednt + have + 过去分词 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。You neednt have taken it seriously.这件事情你不必太认真。5 dare 敢 多用在否定或疑问句中。The little girl dare not speak in public.小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。Dare you catch the little cat?你敢抓小猫吗?dare 除用作情态动词外,更多的是当实义动词使用,用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称,单复数,时态等。Do you dare to walk in

10、 the dark?你敢黑夜走路吗？He doesnt dare to tell the teacher what happened that day.他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。6 ought应当,应该 后面跟带有to的动词不定式。You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar.如果你想知道如何修理汽车,你应该读这些书。You ought to bring the child here.你应该把孩子带来。ought + to have done句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。Y

11、ou ought to have been here yesterday.你昨天就应该来。ought not to have done句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。You ought not to have taken the book out of the reading-room.你不应该把书带出阅览室。7will (would)决心,愿望。would为will的过去式,可用于各人称。Ill do my best to catch up with them.我要尽全力赶上他们。Ill never do it again, thats the last time.我再不会做那件事情了,这

12、是最后一次。He said he would help me.他说他会帮助我。will, would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用would比will更婉转,客气。Its hot. Will you open the windows?天气太热了,你能打开窗户吗?Will you help me to work it out?你能帮我解这道题吗?Would you like some coffee？给你来点咖啡怎样？8 Shall, should表示命令,警告,允诺,征求,劝告,建议惊奇。You should hand in the exercise book.你应该交作业本儿了。

13、This should be no problem.这应该没问题。Shall we go now.我们现在可以走了吗?Why should I meet him？为什么我要见他?9 have to,不得不,必须,表示客观条件只能如此,而must则表示主观思想必须。I have to go now.我现在得走了。I have to cook for my child.我得给孩子做饭。You must be here on time next time.你下次一定要按时来。We must go to get the timetable ourselves.高考常见语法虚拟语气一语气的定义和种类。1

14、语气(mood)语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2语气的种类a.陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！b.祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如：Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。Dont forget to turn off the

15、 light.别忘了关灯。c.虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如：If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。May you succeed!祝您成功！二虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法。条件从句有两类，一是真实条件句，另一是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如：If time permits, well go fishing together.如

16、果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如：If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.如果你昨天来，你就会见到那位著名的教授了。（隐含的事实是：你昨天没来，也没见到那位著名教授）。在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，现将其形式列表如下：动词形式 时间从句主句与现在事实相反动词过去式(be的过去式用were)would(could/should/might)+动词原形与过去事实相反had+动词过去分词would(could/should

17、/might)+have过去分词与将来事实可能相反动词过去式should+动词原形were to+动词原形would(could/should/might)+动词原形注：主句中的should只用于第一人称，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should可用于各种人称。1表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如：If I were you, I should(would ,could, might)tell him thetruth.要是我是你，我就会告诉他真相了。（事实上我不是你）If she had time, she would(could, might)help me.如

18、果她有时间，她就会帮我了。（事实上她没有时间）2表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。如：If I had known your telephone number yesterday, Ishould(would, could, might)have telephoned you.如果昨天我知道了你的电话号码，我就会给你打电话了。（事实上我昨天不知道你的电话号码。）If you had taken my advice, you wouldnt(couldnt) have failed in the exam.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格。（事实上你根本没听我的。3表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如：If it should rain, the crops would(could, might)be saved.假如天下雨，庄稼可能就收获了。-What would happen if I put the paper on the fire?-It would burn.-我若把只放在火上会怎么样？-纸会烧着。注：在表示与将来事实可能相反的条件从句中，were to +动词原形比较正式，常用于书面语中。如：If you were to go toBeijing, you would