译林牛津版高二英语必修五unit1知识点及语法总结.docx

1、译林牛津版高二英语必修五unit1知识点及语法总结译林牛津版高二英语必修五unit1 知识点及语法总结Welcome to the unit &ReadingI.重点单词1. betray. vt.1) 出卖；背叛 He would rather die than betray his country to the enemy.2) 显露；泄露 The expression on her face betrays her anger.2. pretend. vt/vi1)vt. 假装，佯装, 后接不定式和从句做宾语。She pretended to be reading. 她假装在看书。2）v

2、i. 假装She wasnt really crying, she was only pretending. 3. admit. vt1) 承认；供认admit doing sth. 承认做某事 admit to sb. 向某人承认He admitted his crime. 2) 许可进入，准许进入 admit sb. to/into- 接纳某人进入.; 吸收某人参加.He is admitted to NanjingUniversity this year. 3) 容纳, 容许The cinema admits about 2000 people. 4) admit of 容许有; 有.可

3、能; 容有.的余地His illness admits of no delay. 4. swear. vt/vi 发誓；郑重承诺；咒骂swear to sb. / swear that 从句 向某人承诺发誓swearswore -sworn5. focus. n/vt/vi1) n. 焦点，注意力put focus on 集中注意力于.2) vi/vtfocus on集中注意力于.近义词组：concentrate on pay full attention to devote to6. guilty. adj 有罪的1) be guilty of“犯了罪”In the process of g

4、aining our rightful place, we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. 2)be found guilty 被判决有罪Maggie could be sentenced to up to three years in prision if (he was) found guilty.7. remark. Vt / n 评论make remarks on sth = make comments on sth对作出评论8. apologize. vi 道歉apologize to sb=make an apology to sb 向某

5、人道歉9. sensitive. adj敏感的;体贴的 be sensitive to 对体贴，敏感10. blame. n/vt 责备1) n. put blame on sb 责备某人2) vt. blame sb for sth 因某事责备某人blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人 He blamed his faiure on his teacher.sb be to blame= sb should be blamed 主动形式表被动You are to blame. 你应该受责备。11. gifted. adj = talented 有天赋的1) be gifted fo

6、r/as 有天赋2) have a gift for有天赋II. 重点词组1.beg sb to do sth 恳求某人做某事2.stare at 凝视glare at 怒视gaze at 瞪眼看3.keep ones word 守诺言break ones word 食言have a word with 与交谈have a words with 与吵架4.feel like doing 想要做某事sound like 听起来像5.go straight to 径直去6.spy on 监视watch over 看管7.keep pace with 与协调一致keep up with 跟上8.as

7、 a result of 由于because of= due to=owing to 由于as a result 结果result in 导致result from 源于，由于9.turn into 转变成turn up 出现，出席turn out 结果是turn sb down 拒绝turn around 转身；逆转turn to 转向10.as well as 和as well 也 may as well 不如不妨11.shout at 朝大喊( 生气，愤怒)shout to朝大喊（指远处）12.make some cruel remarks 咒骂某人，说坏话13.even though

8、即使14.can not help doing sth 禁不住做某事cant help but do sth 只好做某事cant help to do sth 不能帮助做某事15.accuse sb of sth 指控某人某事inform. of 告知approve of 同意warn of 警告III.重点句式1. I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz, saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good mark. （page 2）（1）“must+完成时”

9、表示对过去事情语气比较肯定的推测。对现在推测，用must be. They must have been laughing behind my back. (page 2） 他们在我背后一定是笑得合不拢嘴。“must+完成时”结构的反义疑问句，疑问部分应根据must后的动词形式采用相应的形式，可用have (has)，也可用did。但若句中出现了过去时间状语，则只能用did。Hemusthaveread it, hasnt /didnthe? 他一定读过它，是吗?Hemusthaveleftyesterday, didnthe? 他昨天一定走了，是吗? 表示推测的否定结构要用“can not

10、/cant”, 或者是can +其他具有否定意义的副词。例如：You cant be tired youve only been working for an hour.你不可能疲倦，你只工作了一小时。（2）., saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good mark 是非谓语动词doing做原因状语；how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good mark 是how 引导的名词性从句做say的宾语。2. I thought that Hannah must have told

11、everyone about my grades after promising me not to.（page 2） 1) must have told 表示对过去推测； 2）after promising me not to=after she promised not to tell anyone. a. after引导的状语从句，当从句的主语she与主句的主语Hannah 一致时，从句的she 可以省略，同时从句的谓语动词promised 要变成非谓语形式promising; b. promising me not to 属于 to do 不定式省略动词do 的情况，在某些动词后，如：

12、promise, like, hope, want 等，为避免与上一句to do中的动词重复，可省略to后的动词。3. I cannot help wondering if he wants Peter to be his best friend instead of me. （page 3）1）if he wants Peter to be his best friend instead of me为wonder 的宾语从句2）wondervt. (对).感到奇怪; 想知道，不知道I wonder if/whether you 可用来客气地提出请求；wonder后可接其他连接词引导的宾语从句

13、。例如：I wonder if youd give me some advice. I wonder who he is, where he came from and why he came. wonder后可接“疑问词动词不定式”作宾语：例如：They waited and wondered what to do. there is no wonder that 从句 ： 难怪.There is no wonder that you were late for school, for your bike broke down.4. He accuse me of some bad thin

14、gs just to hurt me. (page 3）1) accuse sb of sth= charge sb with sth 指控某人.2）just to hurt me属于非谓语to do形式，在句中做目的状语，类似的词组还有：only to (表示出乎意料的结果)，in order to/ so as to (表示目的)5. If so, the problem lies with you, not her.（page 5）(1) If so是个条件从句，so代替上文内容。not也有同样用法，构成省略句式：ifnot。又如：She may not be free today. 她

15、今天可能没空。 If so, well have to put the meeting off. 如果是这样，这会就得延后了。Get up early tomorrow, if not (you dont get up early), you will miss the first bus.明天你得早起，否则（你不早起），你会错过首班车。(2)lie with“是的责任；取决于”。例如： The solution to the problem lies with you.解决该问题的办法落在你的肩上。7. I have no doubt he will succeed.（page 7）doub

16、t作名词常用句型have no doubt意为“毫无疑义；毫无疑问”，其中doubt是名词。例如：I for one have no doubt that hes lying. There is no doubt that“毫无疑问”, that从句是同位语从句。例如：There is no doubt that Mary is qualified for the job. no/without/beyond doubt“无疑地；必定”The truth of the report is beyond all doubt. He was without doubt the very worst

17、 kind of reporter.Those who left were attracted, no doubt, by higher pay.Task &ProjectI.重点单词1.acquaintance. n 泛泛之交 make acquaintance with sb 结识某人2.anchor. n. 锚；vt. 扎根于be anchored in=be based on 根植于3.attitude. n. 看法，态度have positive attitude towards sth/sb4.cautious.adj 小心谨慎的be cautious about=be caref

18、ul aboutcaution. N 小心5.eager.adj 急切的be eager to do =be dying for = long for= look forward toeagerness. N6.respond.vi 回应，回复respond to 回复reply to 回应react to 回应response.n 回复in response to sth 对做出回复7.mercy. n仁慈at the mercy of 在的支配下mitted. adj尽心尽力的be committed to doing sth= be devoted to doing=be absorbe

19、d in doing=concentrate on doing=be bent on doing=be occupied in doing 投入做某事commit. Vt 致力于commit to doing sth 致力于做某事commit to sth 致力于某事commit suicide 自杀commit crime犯罪9.regardless. Adv不管，不顾regardless of = in despite of= despite +名词或名词性从句，意为“ 尽管”regard. Vt 看做regardas = think of as= look on as= consider

20、as II.重点词组1.get through 接通电话；渡过get on/along with 与相处get over 克服get across 使明白2.be anchored in 根植于3.be based on 以为基础sb baseon某人把基于之上on the basis of 在的基础上4.regardless of 不管不顾5.end up结果end up+形容词/ done/ doing/ 介词短语，表结果是end in 结果是in the end 最后6.rely on 依赖depend on 依赖 依靠7.thanks to 幸亏but for = thanks to

21、+名词表示与事实相反时，主句用虚拟语态，例如：Thanks to your help, we would not have finished the task.8.get along with 与相处get along with sb 与某人相处get along with sth 某事进展9.have different attitudes towards 对有不同的看法10.be cautious about 对小心谨慎11.be eager to 急切盼望.12.on the way to sp 在去的路上on the way to doing 即将.in this way 如此一来in

22、 the way 挡道，碍事13.have a quarrel with 与某人争吵quarrel with sb与某人争吵14.make an apology 道歉apologize to sb道歉15.in conclusion 总结in a word总之in short 简言之in all 总共in brief 简言之16.look back on 回顾look through 看穿；浏览look down upon 小看，瞧不起look up to 敬仰look into 调查III.重点句式1.They are still sitting on the sofa, continuin

23、g the same conversation on the same topic.continuing the same conversation on the same topic,在句中作伴随状语，主句主语they与continue是主谓关系，故用doing非谓语形式。2.When asked, they usually hesitate before responding.此句完整形式为 When they were asked, they usually hesitate before they respond. 属于状语从句的省略，当状从的主语与主句的主语一致时，从句的主语可省略，

24、从句的谓语动词变为非谓语动词形式。3.We have to realize: boys share activities, while girls share feelings.1）while 意为“然而”，并列连词表对比转折。2）while还可意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句=though, 例如：while the weather is terrible, they still arrived here on time 4.The qualities that boys and girls consider important in a friend seem to be the same,

25、 regardless of the basis of these friendship.1）that boys and girls consider important in a friend 是定语从句，先行词是qualities; 2）seem to do 表示“似乎，好像”，属于to do 非谓语形式，其形式还有：seem to be doing( 表进行时态)/ seem to have done(表示过去已完成)3）regardless of 表示尽管，做让步状语。5.I end up returning to the train station and spending the

26、rest of the day in the waiting room.end up+形容词/ done/ doing/ 介词短语，表结果是,例如：1）He ends up successful after years of efforts.2）He ends up in prison because he was charged with robbery.3）He ends up finishing the task ahead of time.4）His efforts end up paid off.6.Friendship means being committed to others

27、.1) mean. vt.意谓, 想要, 预定 vi.用意, 有意义 mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事I meant to give you this book today, but I forgot.He means this house for his daughter.习惯用语： be meant to do照道理，照规矩；应该，必须；得要；He was meant for /to be a doctor.mean sb. for准备让某人干某工作mean much to sb. 对某人很重要; 对某人很可贵mean a great

28、 deal mean. adj.低劣的, 卑鄙的, 普通的, 吝啬的, 简陋的,不舒服的Peters father was very mean; he never gave Peter any new clothes.2) be committed to sb 表示对某人很投入，真诚 7.The best way to have a friend is to be a friend.to have a friend系to do 非谓语形式做后置定语；to be a friend 是to do 非谓语形式做表语。 Grammar: to do/ doing语法知识:非谓语动词一、动词不定式 Th

29、e Infinitive Form of Verbs动词不定式是非谓语动词形式之一，它不能充当谓语，但具有谓语动词的主要特征，即时态和语态的变化；可以有自己的宾语和状语，构成不定式短语。1. 不定式的形式肯定式to do sth.Hed like to play basketball this afternoon.否定式not to do sth.No one likes to be looked down upon.进行体to be doing sth.He pretended to be reading when the teacher came in.完成体to have done st

30、h.He seemed to have known the result.被动式to be doneHe certainly deserves to be sent to prison.完成被动式to have been doneHe seems to have been elected a model worker.2不定式的用法不定式可以用来做主语、表语、定语、状语、宾语、独立成分，表示比较具体的意义。（1）做主语动词不定式短语To master a foreign language is no easy job. To see this film is to waste time. To solve this problem is out of the question 为平衡整个句子，避免头重脚轻，常用it做形式主语，而将真正主语不定式放后面，用于这种形式是一些特定的结构。例如：1）谓语部分是系表结构，表语是某些形容词或名词。例如：It is foolish to act in this way. It sounds reasonable to do it this way.It appears likely for them to arrive.It is a good idea to think this way.2）某些动词做谓语时。例如：