版 中考英语通用版二轮专题复习与增分策略 二轮专题突破 专题3 完形填空 第1讲 夹叙夹议文.docx

1、版 中考英语通用版二轮专题复习与增分策略 二轮专题突破 专题3 完形填空 第1讲 夹叙夹议文(一)上下文情景信息考生从上下文寻找有关暗示及线索，如体裁线索、时态变化线索、词汇线索、句法线索、社会文化线索、上下文情景线索等，对文章的情景进行逻辑推理，抓住含有关键信息的词语，理顺句子之间的关系，仔细答题。1上下求索找信息，即从全篇的上文、下文中寻找信息每篇文章都有其内在的线索，而上下文则是营造语言环境的基础，也是进行逻辑推理的依据。通读全文大意，根据上下文寻找信息词，是提高准确率的关键。(1)运用前置信息典题印证(2016全国片段)Larry works with Transport Driver

2、s，Inc.One morning in 2009，Larry was 41.traveling along 165 north after delivering to one of his 42.customers.Suddenly，he saw a car with its bright lights on.43.As he got closer，he found 44 vehicle upside down on the road.44A.each BanotherCthat Dhis答案B解析前文提到he saw a car，走近之后，又发现了“另一辆”，故选another。(2)运用

3、后置信息典题印证(2016全国片段)Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(装置) on your desk.And theyve never actually 41.met you.Everything they know about you 42.came through this device，sometimes from hundreds of miles away.43.Yet they feel they can know you 44.just from the so

4、und of your voice.Thats how powerful the 45 is.Powerful，yes，but not always 46.accurate.For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone.45A.telephone BvoiceCconnection Dimpression答案A解析考查上下文理解。根据46空后的“only by phone”可知本文介绍的是电话，人们可以通过电话了解你。故A项正确。2巧妙利用平行结构，准确判断逻辑信息平行结构指的是结构相同或相似、意思密切关联、语气一致的句子或词组成串排

5、列的语言现象。平行结构形式上整齐匀称，内容上紧密相连。典题印证(2016全国片段)One more look and he noticed 45.flames shooting out from under the 46.disabled vehicle.Larry pulled over，set the brake and 47 the fire extinguisher(灭火器)Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.47A.got hold of BpreparedCtook charge of Dco

6、ntrolled答案A解析句意为：Larry停下来，刹住车，抓住灭火器。此处表示一连串的动作。根据常识和前后语境可知是“拿起”灭火器。3利用作者的情感态度(褒贬性)，判断是非曲直几乎每篇完形填空都有一定的作者情感态度，这种褒贬性反映了作者的特定心理、情绪状态和写作意图，因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能对文章进行准确的逻辑判断，从而在吃透文意并准确传递文意的基础上推断出每一空的准确信息，找出能反映语境褒贬性的标志性词语或句子，大胆预测下文。典题印证(2016全国片段).She gave me a forting smile，nodded while listening patiently，and

7、then printed out the 54.ticket immediately.“What a wonderful lady！” I thought.Rushing out 55.gratefully I called out over my shoulder，“By the way，whats your name？” “Im Rani，” she said.I turned around and saw a 56 woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip.I was 57.speechless！Wh

8、y had I thought she was cold？Rani was，well，so 58 .56A.careful BseriousCnervous Dpleasant58A.calm BniceCproud Dclever56答案 D58答案B解析由上文可知Rani帮助了作者，作者心存感激，并发出“What a wonderful lady！”的感慨，作者描绘Rani的词汇应该是褒义的，根据作者这种特定的心理，可选出56和58的答案。(二)固定搭配和词语辨析固定搭配是高考完形填空的考查点之一。词语的固定搭配，特别是动词的搭配比例较大。考生平时应多读、多记所学习语或固定搭配并牢固掌握，

9、灵活运用。1左顾右盼找搭配弄清前后的习惯搭配或句式结构。注意：常常不止一个选项可以构成搭配关系，应该结合上下文和语境定夺。典题印证(2016四川片段)Another 53.try was in order.“Well，if you dont want to read it，give it 54 .Maybe your mom would 55.enjoy hearing the story.” The book sailed through the air to Aunt Dede and she began to read it aloud.54A.away BoutCin Dback答案D

10、解析考查固定搭配。根据后文的“The book sailed through the air to Aunt Dede.”可知，德德姑姑是让莱内将书归还给她。give away分发，泄露；give out发出；give in屈服；give back归还。根据语境可知选D。2避免只重语意，忽略习惯搭配部分考生只是注重语境，忽视了词汇的习惯搭配。因此考生把握语境的同时，要注意填入的名词、形容词、动词与空格前后某个词汇的搭配，尤其注意与介词和副词的搭配。典题印证(2016天津片段)Last summer，she wanted to 18.join our local swim team.She pr

11、acticed hard and finally 19 it.The team practice, 20.however，was a rough start.19A.increased BfoundCcreated Dmade答案D解析make it固定搭配，意为“成功做成某事”。3运用词语辨析选择判断此类题目一般4个选项的词性相同、词义相近或相同。主要考查学生在具体语境中对所学词汇的辨析和运用能力。典题印证(2016全国片段)Powerful，yes，but not always 46 .For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone

12、.Rani，my faceless agent whom Id never met 47.in person，got me rockbottom prices on airfares，cars，and hotels.46A.direct BusefulCeasy Daccurate答案D解析考查形容词辨析。direct直接的；useful有用的；easy容易的；accurate准确的。本空前的but说明上下文之间是转折关系，电话虽然很强大，但是也并不是很准确。故D正确。(三)文化情景和生活常识要求考生能够积极调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，尤其是东西方文化的差异，巧妙地加以运用，加强对题目的

13、分析和判断。典题印证(2016浙江片段)My husband was ordered out on a longterm duty，and I was left in a tiny shack(棚屋) alone.The heat was 23 almost 125F even in the shade of a cactus(仙人掌)23A.inflexible BincomprehensibleCuncontrollable Dunbearable答案D解析考查常识和形容词辨析。根据后面提到的“almost 125F even in the shade of a cactus(仙人掌)”可

14、知天气很热，因此应该是让人“无法忍受”。inflexible不灵活的；incomprehensible无法理解的；uncontrollable无法控制的；unbearable不能忍受的。(四)语法与逻辑结构1语法结构完形填空对语法知识的测试重点在名词、代词的数和格、动词的非谓语形式、各种从句、主谓一致关系、并列结构、倒装结构、动词的时态和语态、虚拟语气等方面，并要注意结合词汇的用法和习惯用语的搭配关系。典题印证(2016北京片段)The race began on January 27.The first musher，Shannon，picked up the medicine from t

15、he train at Nenana and rode all night. 46 he handed the medicine to the next musher，Shannons face was black from the extreme cold.46A.Though BSince CWhen DIf答案C解析考查时间状语从句。句意为：当他把药物交给下一个人时，Shannon的脸已经被冻得乌青。此处用When引导时间状语从句。2逻辑结构完形填空的逻辑结构很强。通常考生可以根据文中出现的一些逻辑关系词就能准确推测出下一个要考查的词汇。此类题目主要通过了解全文的人物、时间、地点等信息后

16、，再分析句子和句子之间的关系，段落和段落之间的关系来解题。(1)句中逻辑关系典题印证(2016全国片段)The man who had his bright lights on 48.came over and told Larry he had 49.made an emergency call.They 50 heard a womans voice coming from the wrecked(毁坏的) vehicle.50A.then BagainCfinally Deven答案A解析考查句中逻辑关系。正当那人与拉里说话，这时他们听到车里传来一个女人的声音，此处用then表示“接着，

17、然后”。(2)句间逻辑关系句间逻辑关系通常用表示转折、让步、递进、因果等明确的逻辑关系词体现。有时候也可以通过渗透到篇章结构层面，在句子与句子之间表现出来。典题印证(2016全国片段)They told her to stay 52.still until the emergency personnel arrived， 53 she thought the car was going to 54.explode.53A.for Bso Cand Dbut答案D解析考查逻辑结构。句意为：他们告诉她呆着别动直到紧急部门人员来，但是她认为汽车要爆炸。根据句意可知前后是逻辑上的转折关系，故选D。1通

18、览全文，抓准主旨完形填空的命题原则一般是文章第一句不设空，以使得考生快速进入语境，把握整篇文章。试题所选短文是一个完整的统一体，词、句、段三者之间存在一定的逻辑关系，因此解题时，考生要充分利用文章的首句、首段以把握文章主旨大意，对文章进行合乎逻辑的推理判断，从而顺藤摸瓜选出正确答案。典题印证(2016四川片段)Lainey finished third grade.She had good grades and could read 41 grade level，but she did not like to read.41A.within Bon Cto Dabove答案D解析根据前面提到的

19、She had good grades可知应该是超过年级的水平。故选D。2紧扣全文，确定选词文章是由句子与句子紧密相连而构成的，而不是随意拼合。因此做完形填空题时不能只从空白处入手，而应该根据句子所在的语境进行推断。典题印证(2016全国片段)Rani，my faceless agent whom Id never met 47.in person，got me rockbottom prices on airfares，cars，and hotels.But her cold voice really 48 me.48A.annoyed BinterestedCdiscouraged Dco

20、nfused答案A解析考查形容词辨析。由空前的cold voice可知Rani在电话里的声音很冷漠，让我很不高兴，甚至想过要另外找一个代理人。说明我对她的声音很反感。故A正确。3瞻前顾后，顺藤摸瓜完形填空的空白处不是孤立的，而是上下文的连接。有的空白处前面有信息提示，有的则在后面有信息暗示。典题印证(2016浙江片段)I was so sorry for myself that I wrote to my parents.I told them I was 26 and coming back home.26A.catching up Bkeeping upCgiving up Dgettin

21、g up答案C解析根据上文的“so sorry for myself”及下文“coming back home”可知，作者写信给父母，告诉他们她要放弃。故选C。4分析题意，确定逻辑完形填空的文章是按照一定的逻辑展开的，因此考生在答题时应该透过字里行间，抓住行文逻辑，按照文章发展的逻辑顺序确定答案。第1讲夹叙夹议文该类题目的特点是：作者先叙述一个事件，然后提出自己的见解或提示蕴含的哲理，或是作者边叙述边议论，提示社会现象等。文章的显著特点是首句可能在传达一个事件信息或透视一种社会现象，而后对此进行高层次评价，或由此引发一种深层次思考，具有记叙与议论的双重性，文情并茂，发人深思。解题时，应借助上下

22、文乃至全文的语境揣摩作者的心境，及其对各个角色、各个事件的态度。在答题过程中，要理清文章的脉络与结构，把作者叙述的故事和要表达的观点结合起来分析，并且要把握好关联词语，还要把握语气、动作等细节的描写，从而与作者达到共鸣。(2016全国)When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team.That meant 41 Miller King，who was the best 42 at our school.Football season started in September and all sum

23、mer long I worked out.I carried my football everywhere for 43 .Just before September，Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm.I went to see him after he came back from 44 .He looked very 45 ，but he didnt cry.That season，I 46 all of Millers records while he 47 the home games from the bench.W

24、e went 101 and I was named the most valuable player， 48 I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Millers 49 .One afternoon，I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller 50 going over a fencewhich wasnt 51 to climb if you had both arms.Im sure I was the last person in the world he wa

25、nted to accept 52 from.But even that challenge he accepted.I 53 him move slowly over the fence.When we were finally 54 on the other side，he said to me，“You know，I didnt tell you this during the season，but you did 55 .Thank you for filling in for 56 .”His words freed me from my bad 57 .I thought to m

26、yself，how even without an arm he was more of a leader.Damaged but not defeated，he was 58 ahead of me.I was right to have 59 him.From that day on，I grew 60 and a little more real.语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了作者想成为校足球队的明星，通过帮助受伤的Miller King，使自己真正得到了成长。41A.cheering for Bbeating outCrelying on Dstaying with答案B解析

27、根据后半句“他是足球队中最优秀的球员”可知，要想成为明星就要打败他。故选B。42A.coach BstudentCteacher Dplayer答案D解析根据语境此处应是足球队员。故选D。43A.practice BshowCcomfort Dpleasure答案A解析因为赛季要开始了，所以作者为了达到目标到处练习。故选A。44A.school BvacationChospital Dtraining答案C解析因为Miller被车撞了，所以当他从医院回来的时候，作者去看他，故选C。45A.pale BcalmCrelaxed Dashamed答案A解析因为从医院刚回来，身体还未康复，所以脸色苍

28、白。故选A。46A.held BbrokeCset Dtried答案B解析根据下一句内容判断作者打破了记录，故用break。故选B。47A.reported BjudgedCorganized Dwatched答案D解析Miller出车祸后不能像往常一样踢球，因此只能坐在凳子上观看比赛。故选D。48A.and BthenCbut Dthus答案C解析前半句“作者被评为最有价值球员”和后一句“作者常做梦受谴责”这两句话之间是转折关系。故选C。49A.decision BmistakeCaccident Dsacrifice答案C解析根据上文可知，此处应是Miller受伤的事故。故选C。50A.s

29、tuck BhurtCtired Dlost答案A解析Miller因为失去了右臂，他过篱笆时被卡住了。故选A。51A.steady BhardCfun Dfit答案B解析对于有两个胳膊的正常人来说，越过篱笆应该不是一件困难的事。故选B。52A.praise BadviceCassistance Dapology答案C解析因为Miller和作者两个人之间的竞争，所以作者认为Miller并不想得到他的帮助。故选C。53A.let BhelpedChad Dnoticed答案B解析根据上一句“But even that challenge he accepted.”可知，Miller接受了帮助。故选

30、B。54A.dropped BreadyCtrapped Dsafe答案D解析根据语境，此处指当他们安全越过篱笆的时候。故选D。55A.fine BwrongCquickly Dnormally答案A解析根据语境，此处指作者在比赛中做得很好。故选A。56A.us ByourselfCme Dthem答案C解析因为Miller受伤了，作者代替了他，此处是Miller感谢作者。故选C。57A.memories BideasCattitudes Ddreams答案D解析根据上文可知，Miller把作者从最初的那个不好的梦中解脱了出来。故选D。58A.still BalsoCyet Djust答案A解析作者虽然打破了Miller创造的纪录，但在作者心中，他仍领先于作者。故选A。59A.challenged BcuredCinvited Dadmired答案D解析此处指作者一直钦佩Miller。故选D。60A.health