The basic concepts of PLC.docx

1、The basic concepts of PLC英文The basic concepts of PLC 可编程控制器(Programmable Controller)是计算机家族中的一员，是为工业控制应用而设计制造的。 PLC (Programmable Controller) is a computer in a family, is designed for industrial control applications manufactured. 早期的可编程控制器称作可编程逻辑控制(Programmable Logic Controller)，简称PLC，它主要用来代替继电器实现逻辑

2、控制。 Early known as programmable logic control PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), referred to as PLC, which is mainly used to replace the relay logic control to achieve. 随着技术的发展，这种装置的功能已经大大超过了逻辑控制的范围，因此，今天这种装置称作可编程控制器，简称PC。 As technology advances, the devices functionality has been greatly exceeded

3、 the scope of logic control, therefore, today, such a device known as programmable controllers, referred to as PC. 但是为了避免与个人计算机(Personal Computer)的简称混淆，所以将可编程控制器简称PLC。 However, in order to avoid a personal computer (Personal Computer) short confusion, it will be referred to as programmable logic con

4、troller PLC. PLC的由来 PLC Origin 在60年代，汽车生产流水线的自动控制系统基本上都是由继电器控制装置构成的。 In the 60 years, automobile production line automatic control system are basically constituted by a relay control device. 当时汽车的每一次改型都直接导致继电器控制装置的重新设计和安装。 Each time the car was modified relay control devices are a direct result of t

5、he re-design and installation. 随着生产的发展，汽车型号更新的周期愈来愈短，这样，继电器控制装置就需要经常地重新设计和安装，十分费时，费工，费料，甚至阻碍了更新周期的缩短。 With the development of production, car models update cycle becomes shorter, so that relay control devices often need to re-design and installation is very time-consuming, labor intensive, and costs

6、 expected, and even hindered the shorter update cycle. 为了改变这一现状，美国通用汽车公司在1969年公开招标，要求用新的控制装置取代继电器控制装置，并提出了十项招标指标，即： To change this situation, the U.S. General Motors Corporation in 1969, open tender, asking that the new control device to replace the relay control unit and made a tender 10 indicators

7、, namely: 1. 编程方便，现场可修改程序； 1. Programming convenience, the site can modify the program; 2. 维修方便，采用模块化结构； 2. Easy maintenance, modular structure; 3. 可靠性高于继电器控制装置； 3. Reliability is higher than relay control device; 4. 体积小于继电器控制装置； 4. Smaller than relay control device; 5. 数据可直接送入管理计算机； 5. Data can be

8、directly sent to the management computer; 6. 成本可与继电器控制装置竞争； 6. Costs can be competitive with the relay control device; 7. 输入可以是交流115V； 7. Input can be AC 115V; 8. 输出为交流115V，2A以上，能直接驱动电磁阀，接触器等； 8. Output AC 115V, 2A above, can directly drive solenoids, contactors, etc.; 9. 在扩展时，原系统只要很小变更； 9. In the e

9、xpansion, the original system as long as the small change; 10. 用户程序存储器容量至少能扩展到4K。 10. User program memory capacity can be expanded to at least 4K. 1969年，美国数字设备公司(DEC)研制出第一台PLC，在美国通用汽车自动装配线上试用，获得了成功。 In 1969, the U.S. Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) developed the first PLC, General Motors auto as

10、sembly line in the United States on trial, was a success. 这种新型的工业控制装置以其简单易懂，操作方便，可靠性高，通用灵活，体积小，使用寿命长等，到1971年，已经成功地应用于食品，饮料，冶金，造纸等工业。 This new type of industrial control equipment for its straightforward, easy operation, high reliability, universal and flexible, small size, long life and so on, to 19

11、71, has been successfully applied to food, beverage, metallurgy, paper and other industrial . 这一新型工业控制装置的出现，也受到了世界其他国家的高度重视。 The emergence of new industrial control devices, but also by the rest of the worlds attention. 1971日本从美国引进了这项新技术，很快研制出了日本第一台PLC。 1971, Japan imported from the United States th

12、is new technology, and soon developed a Japans first PLC. 1973年，西欧国家也研制出它们的第一台PLC。 In 1973, Western European countries have also developed their first PLC. 我国从1974年开始研制。 Chinas development since 1974. 于1977年开始工业应用。 In industrial applications since 1977. PLC的定义 PLC Definition PLC问世以来，尽管时间不长，但发展迅速。 PL

13、Cs inception, although time is not long, but developing rapidly. 为了使其生产和发展标准化，美国电气制造商协会NEMA(National Electrical Manufactory Association) 经过四年的调查工作，于1984年首先将其正式命名PC(ProgrammableController),并给PC作了如下定义： “PC是一个数字式的电子装置，它使用了可编程序的记忆体储存指令。用来执行诸如逻辑，顺序，计时，计数与演算等功能，并通过数字或类似的输入/输出模块，以控制各种机械或工作程序。一部数字电子计算机若是从事执

14、行PC之功能着，亦被视为PC，但不包括鼓式或类似的机械式顺序控制器。”以后国际电工委员会(IEC)又先后颁布了PLC标准的草案第一稿，第二稿,并在1987年2月通过了对它的定义： “可编程控制器是一种数字运算操作的电子系统，专为在工业环境应用而设计的。它采用一类可编程的存储器，用于其内部存储程序，执行逻辑运算,顺序控制，定时，计数与算术操作等面向用户的指令，并通过数字或模拟式输入/输出控制各种类型的机械或生产过程。可编程控制器及其有关外部设备，都按易于与工业控制系统联成一个整体，易于扩充其功能的原则设计。”总之，可编程控制器是一台计算机，它是专为工业环境应用而设计制造的计算机。 In orde

15、r to make the production and development of standardized, the United States National Electrical Manufacturers Association NEMA (National Electrical Manufactory Association) After four years of investigation, in 1984, officially named its first PC (ProgrammableController), and to the PC made the foll

16、owing definition: PC is a digital electronic device, which uses a programmable memory store instructions. used to perform, such as logic, sequence, timing, counting and calculus and other functions, and digital or similar input / output module to control the various kinds of machinery or work proced

17、ures. a digital electronic computer if the function involved in the implementation of the PC, is regarded as PC, but does not include drum or similar mechanical sequence controller. after the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has promulgated of the PLC standard first draft, second draf

18、t, and in February 1987 it adopted a definition: Programmable Logic Controller is a digital computing operation of an electronic system designed for applications in industrial environments designed for . It uses a class of programmable memory, for its internal storage procedures, the implementation

19、of logical operations, sequential control, timing, counting and arithmetic operations such as user-oriented instructions, and, through digital or analog input / output control of all types of machinery or production processes. programmable logic controller and its related peripherals, will all be ea

20、sy and industrial control systems into a single, easy-to expand its principle of functional design. In short, the programmable controller is a computer, it is designed for industrial environment applications, design and manufacture of computers. 它具有丰富的输入/输出接口，并且具有较强的驱动能力。 It has a wealth of input /

21、output interface, and has a strong drive capability. 但可编程控制器产品并不针对某一具体工业应用，在实际应用时，其硬件需根据实际需要进行选用配置，其软件需根据控制要求进行设计编制。 But the programmable controller products is not directed at a specific industrial application in practical applications, the hardware must be chosen according to the actual needs of c

22、onfiguration, the software must be designed according to the preparation of control requirements. PLC的发展阶段 PLC stage of development 虽然PLC问世时间不长，但是随着微处理器的出现，大规模，超大规模集成电路技术的迅速发展和数据通讯技术的不断进步，PLC也迅速发展，其发展过程大致可分三个阶段： Although the PLC came not long, but with the emergence of microprocessors, large-scale,

23、ultra-large scale integrated circuit technology, the rapid development and data communication technology continues to advance, PLC is also developing rapidly, its development process can be divided into roughly three phases: 早期的PLC(60年代末70年代中期) Early PLC (60 mid-late -70) 电路上作了改进以适应工业控制现场的要求。 Circui

24、t has been improved to meet the requirements of industrial control field. 装置中的器件主要采用分立元件和中小规模集成电路，存储器采用磁芯存储器。 Device device used mainly small and medium-scale discrete components and integrated circuits, memory with magnetic core memory. 另外还采取了一些措施，以提高其抗干扰的能力。 Were also taken some measures to improv

25、e its anti-jamming capability. 在软件编程上，采用广大电气工程技术人员所熟悉的继电器控制线路的方式梯形图。 In software programming, using the majority of electrical engineers and technicians are familiar with relay control circuit of the way - ladder. 因此，早期的PLC的性能要优于继电器控制装置，其优点包括简单易懂，便于安装，体积小，能耗低，有故障指使，能重复使用等。 Therefore, the early perfo

26、rmance of PLC is superior to relay control device, its advantages, including simple and easy to understand, easy to install, small size, low energy consumption, there is trouble instigated can be reused. 其中PLC特有的编程语言梯形图一直沿用至今。 Which PLC-specific programming languages - Ladder has been in use ever si

27、nce. 中期的PLC(70年代中期80年代中，后期) The mid-PLC (70 in the mid -80 era, post-) 在70年代，微处理器的出现使PLC发生了巨大的变化。 In the 70s, the emergence of the microprocessor so that PLC has undergone tremendous changes. 美国，日本，德国等一些厂家先后开始采用微处理器作为PLC的中央处理单元(CPU)。 The United States, Japan, Germany and some manufacturers have bega

28、n to use microprocessors as the PLC central processing unit (CPU). 这样，使PLC得功能大大增强。 In this way, so that PLC may function greatly enhanced. 在软件方面，除了保持其原有的逻辑运算、计时、计数等功能以外，还增加了算术运算、数据处理和传送、通讯、自诊断等功能。 The software side, in addition to maintaining its original logic operations, timing, counting and other

29、 functions, it also increased the arithmetic operations, data processing and transmission, communication, self-diagnostic functions. 在硬件方面，除了保持其原有的开关模块以外，还增加了模拟量模块、远程I/O模块、各种特殊功能模块。 On the hardware side, in addition to maintaining their original switch module, it also increased the analog module, re

30、mote I / O Modules, all kinds of special function modules. 并扩大了存储器的容量，使各种逻辑线圈的数量增加，还提供了一定数量的数据寄存器，使PLC得应用范围得以扩大。 And expanded memory capacity, so that the coil increase in the number of logic, it also provides a certain amount of data registers, so that PLC was able to expand the scope of applicatio

31、n. 近期的PLC(80年代中、后期至今) Recent PLC (80 era, post-present) 进入80年代中、后期，由于超大规模集成电路技术的迅速发展，微处理器的市场价格大幅度下跌，使得各种类型的PLC所采用的微处理器的当次普遍提高。 Into the 80s, the late, due to ultra-large scale integrated circuit technology, the rapid development of the microprocessor market prices have fallen considerably, making va

32、rious types of PLC used in a general increase in the microprocessor when the times. 而且，为了进一步提高PLC的处理速度，各制造厂商还纷纷研制开发了专用逻辑处理芯片。 Furthermore, in order to further improve the processing speed of PLC, the manufacturers have also developed a dedicated logic chip. 这样使得PLC软、硬件功能发生了巨大变化。 This makes the PLC h

33、ardware and software functionality has undergone tremendous changes. PLC的分类 Classification of PLC 小型PLC Small PLC 小型PLC的I/O点数一般在128点以下，其特点是体积小、结构紧凑，整个硬件融为一体，除了开关量I/O以外，还可以连接模拟量I/O以及其他各种特殊功能模块。 Small PLC, I / O points generally below 128 points, which is characterized by small size, compact structure, the entire hardware integr