北师大高一英语Unit 8重点词汇.docx

1、北师大高一英语Unit 8重点词汇北师大高一英语Unit 8重点词汇一、重点单词：1、adventure 冒险、奇遇。adventurous喜欢冒险的、充满危险的；adventurer 冒险者、投机分子；短语： adventure an opinion 大胆提出一个意见；military adventure军事冒险；in search of adventures(去)探险；meet with an adventure有冒险经历；set out on an adventure去冒险；have an adventure有冒险经历；love adventure喜欢冒险,爱好冒险；用法：adventu

2、re可指“惊险的事或冒险的行为”,也可指“有刺激性的,非常激动人心的危险经历或工作”。adventure多用作抽象名词,常用单数形式; 如果用以指具体的事或行为,则可作可数名词。adventure作名词时，用单数或复数都可，作“冒险”讲时是U，作“冒险的经历、奇遇”讲时是C。如：He loves adventure(s).配套练习：If you want to have _, you must have proper equipment. A. a adventure B. an adventure C. a piece of adventure D. the adventureAll chi

3、ldren listened to his _ with eager attention. A. adventure B. adventurous C. adventures D. adventurerThe situation is _ - we have no food, very little water and no medical supplies. A. desperate B. adventurous C. deserted D. variousHe is an _ young man.A. adventure B. adventurous C. adventures D. ad

4、venturer2、major较大的、主要的。短语：the major subjects主修课程；a history major历史专业学生；the major industries主要工业；army major陆军少校；English major英语专业的学生；major operation大手术；major roads要道；用法：major作不及物动词时，与介词in连用，表示“把选读作主科”。如：He majored in mathematics.他把数学宣读作主科。major在句中只用于名词前作定语。major用作动词时意思是“主修,专攻”,主要用在美式英语中,多与介词in连用, 罕用于

5、被动结构。配套练习：The _ aim of the air raid was the complete destruction of all means of communications by bombing. A. most B. mostly C. major D. majority The _ engineer had planned to design the blueprint the way no one else have ever did. A. main B. chief C. major D. total My sister is majoring _ English

6、at Shandong University. A. at B. in C. for D. with_ people survived in the big fire except a woman and two children. A. The most B. Most of C. The majority of D. The majority of the3、risk冒险。短语： risk ones life to do something/ do something at the risk of ones life冒着生命危险做某事；risk doing something 冒险做某事；

7、be at risk受威胁；at all risks = at any risk无论冒什么危险、无论如何；run/ take a risk冒风险；There seemed to be no risk that the train would run off the rails那天夜里火车好像没出轨的危险；at ones own risk 由自己负责,自担风险；at the risk of doing sth. 冒着的危险；risk ones life 冒生命危险； run the risk of doing sth. 冒着的风险；risk ones anger不顾触怒某人；risk $50下了

8、50美元赌注；risk ones health拿健康冒险；risk ones money赌钱；risk a single soldier使一个战士遭受危险；用法：risk的基本意思是“冒的危险”,含有“以孤注一掷并愿意承担后果”的意味。可指冒由于做某事而发生另一不幸之事的风险。也可指虽然明知做某事会产生不幸后果,但仍不顾一切地进行。risk用作及物动词,接名词、代词、动名词(不接动词不定式)作宾语。可用于被动结构。risk也可表示(玩纸牌、赛马等)赌钱,后接具体的钱数或money。配套练习：He _ the risk of being killed to save the little boy

9、. A. took B. take C. run D. made They would not allow him _ across the enemy line. A. to risk going B. risking to go C. going to risk D. risk going If your race car isnt insured, you may _ losing everything when it hits something solid. A. delay B. deny C. avoid D. riskHe thinks we shouldnt go ahead

10、 with this plan because of the _ of failure. A. future B. pressure C. worry D. risk4、good 好、良好。短语：be good for sb对某人有好处、有益于某人；be good at对擅长、善于；be good to对好（后一般接表示人或人格化的名词）；be + adj + for表达主语所代表的情况对于某人来说是何性质；be + adj + to表达主语以怎样的主观态度对待某人。be good in 精通某一学科或技术；be good with something 善于使用某种工具；do somebody

11、 good 对某人有益；do good to somebody/ do a good deed for somebody 为某人做好事；as good as (dead) 几乎一样、实际上等于；for the good of 为了的利益；good heavens 天哪；good/ nice and hard = very hard 非常努力；a good 25 minutes 足足25分钟；somebody has/ there is some/ no good doing something做某事有（无）益处；the good city Beijing 北京城；for good从善；good

12、 for对有用,有效,宜于,适用,胜任；good for nothing一无所长；good in擅长的；good to ones children对孩子和蔼；good to the poor对穷人慈善；good to the taste味道好；good with在方面有本事的；用法：good在句中作定语时,表示“好的,愉快的”。good在句中用作表语时,表示善用(某物),善于处理(某事),善待(某人),后接for可表示“有益的,合适的”,后接to可表示“对友善的”,后接at可表示“精通的,熟练的”。good用作表语时,其后还可接动词不定式。good and+形容词,在美国口语中常用来加强语气,

13、表示“很”,等于very。Its good of sb 和Its good for sb 都可接to do sth,但含义不同。前者重在“人”很好,后者重在“事”很好。good表示“有道德的事,善”时,是不可数名词; 表示“好处,利益”时是可数名词。配套练习：The doctor, who was good _ me while I was in hospital, told me reading in bed was bad _ my eyes. A. to; for B. for; to C. for; at D. at; of Its good _ your health to take

14、 regular exercise. Ill have a try. Ill really good _ some sports like swimming. A. of; to B. for; at C. to; of D. at; of Many people love March and April, because this time of the year is good _ sports. A. of B. at C. for D. to We received some medicine but we didnt know if it would be good _ us. A.

15、 for B. to C. at D. in Students must be _ from one another. A. good to learn B. good in learning C. good at learning D. good for learning Joan, Ive bought the air ticket for you. Its good _ 3 days. Thank you. Its so good _ you to take the trouble. A. to; to B. for; for C. for; of D. of; for I love t

16、o go to the seaside in summer. It _ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea. A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes Smoking is bad for your health. Yes, I know. But I simply cant _. A. give it up B. give it in C. give it out D. give it away A _ train means a train which carries all kinds of things

17、, but no passengers. A. good B. goods C. goodsing D. goodsed Its no use _ that you didnt know the rules. A. you pretend B. your pretending C. you to pretend D. to pretend Mother thought it no good _ me to marry John. A. forcing B. letting C. making D. to force Its no use _ much but _ less. A. to tal

18、k; to do B. talking; to do C. to talk; doing D. talking; doing A good many _ visitors said that the conditions and service had greatly improved and that they had a _ time here than ever. A. /; good B. of; better C. /; better D. of; good5、variety种种、种类、多样化。短语：a variety/ various of种种、各种各样；give variety

19、to the program使节目丰富多彩；give variety to使丰富多彩；like variety(孩子)喜欢新鲜；commercial variety商业品种；improved variety改良的品种；variety dish杂烩；variety theatre杂耍剧场；for a variety of reasons由于种种原因；in a variety of ways用种种方法；variety in the style of work工作作风的变化；a great variety of多种多样的；a variety of reasons种种理由；a variety of t

20、oys各种玩具；a variety of uses种种用途；用法：variety指“多样”时，本身是单数名词，即使作集体名词时谓语动词也应是单数形式。variety的基本意思是“变化”“多样化”,指某事物有不同特征,作此解时,是不可数名词。variety也可译为“种种,各种”,指各式各样的事物,作此解时用单数形式。且后常接名词复数或集合名词。若要强调有多种人或事物,可在variety前加great或wide。variety还可指动物或植物的“品种,种类”,作此解时是可数名词。a (great, wide, large) variety of = varieties of各种各样的、品类繁多的，

21、其后常加复数名词，谓语动词常用复数形式； the/ this/ that variety of意为“品类、品种、变种、变体”，谓语动词常用单数形式。配套练习：Everyone in our class thought he was absent for his illness, but he gave us a _ reason the next day.A. various B. variety of C. different D. else More people choose to do the shopping in a department store as it offers a

22、great _ of goods. A. variety B. number C. kind D. many Today CCTV offers a great _ of programs to meet the different needs and _. A. deal; likes B. variety; tastes C. many; interests D. number; habits _ of manpower is the main cause of the delay at the factory. A. Shortage B. Variety C. Guide D. Exp

23、erience There are a wide _ of people on the earth. A. varieties B. kind C. sort D. variety 6、confuse搞乱、使糊涂；confused困惑的；短语： confuse sb/ sth with sb/ sth把和混淆、把混为一谈；A is not to be confused with B 不可把A误作B；confuse black with white混淆黑白；confuse the enemy迷惑敌人； confuse about搞不清；confuse among混杂在中；confuse at对困

24、惑不解；confuse by以扰乱；confused in mind心绪纷乱；confuse with分不出；用法：confuse的基本意思是“使迷惑”,指人头脑混乱,没法清楚地思维或理智地行动,做出了张冠李戴的情况,强调极其难堪或迷惑不解。confuse常用作及物动词,多接名词或代词作宾语; 也可与介词with连用,表示“把同弄混了”。配套练习：That is exactly to _ black _ white. A. compare; to B. confuse; with C. content; with D. confuse; to The _ situation of the ch

25、ess game really _ every member in the game-watching room. A. confused; confused B. confusing; confused C. confusing; has been confused D. confused; confuses Mood has an effect on our job. If you have problems at home your work will _. A. confuse B. brake C. suffer D. troubleDo you think geography _

26、to learn? A. is confused B. is confusing C. it is confusing D. it is confused7、prepare准备、调到、配到。短语：prepare somebody for something 使某人对某事进行准备；prepare oneself as a player为自己成为运动员而进行锻炼；prepare to receive somebody 准备接待某人；prepare somebody for something/ to do something 使某人对（做）某事作好准备；prepare the fields for

27、 the next harvest为明年的收获准备好田地；we must be prepared against diseases我们必须预防疾病；prepare us a meal为我们做饭；prepare oneself to do/ for something作好应付做某事的准备；be prepared against any aggression 作好对付任何侵略的准备；be prepared that my son should have a tutor打算为我儿子找一位家庭教师；in preparation for为作准备；用法：prepare既可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。

28、用作及物动词时,可接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语,也可接双宾语,其间接宾语可以转化为介词for的宾语。prepare还可接以动词不定式或as短语充当补足语的复合宾语。prepare接名词作宾语时,常含有使准备的东西能吃或能用的意味; 接动词不定式作宾语时,意为“准备做某事”; 接动词不定式充当补足语时,意为“准备某人做某事”; 接as短语作宾语补足语时,意思是“为当做准备”。prepare用作不及物动词时,其后可接for或against。接against时,所指的大多是不好的事或令人不愉快的事。be prepared的意思是“做好准备”,其后可跟for引起的短语、动词不定式或虚拟的that从句

29、,表示“愿意”。动词后直接跟宾语和带for 短语是两种不同情况：前者的谓语动作直接体现在宾语上，后者for 的宾语只是谓语动作要达到的目的。如：search _ search for; ask _ ask for; dig _ dig for; leave _ leave for; arrange _ arrange for;配套练习：As the monthly exam is coming, the teachers are busy _ the test papers.A. preparing B. preparing for C. doing D. making He worked l

30、ate into the night, _ a speech. A. preparing B. preparing for C. prepared D. prepared for I am not _ for the bad news. A. expected B. hoped C. wished D. prepared The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing Its w

31、ise of you to make _ for your trip ahead of time. A. a preparation B. the preparation C. preparations D. preparation Hes _ his speech _ the meeting tomorrow at this moment. A. preparing; to B. prepared; for C. preparing; for D. preparing; with Have you _ everything ready for the meeting? Not yet. We need _ chairs. A. got; another three B. got; other three C. prepared; the other three D. prepared; three another 8、advantage优点、好处。短语： gain/ have/ gi