解析起重机械存在的不安全因素.doc

1、解析起重机械存在的不安全因素Analysis on unsafe factors of heavy machinery随着中国起重机械制造水平的不断提高,起重机械的效率和可靠性也在持续提高,但起重机械在实际运用中出现故障的情况仍较多,完善系统设计、做好定期维护、提高操作人员水平是提高起重机械可靠性的关键,总结经验,针对不同的故障采用针对性的方法对减少事故及提高工作效率也非常重要。With the development of Chinese hoisting machinery manufacturing level unceasing enhancement, since the effic

2、iency and reliability of heavy machinery continued to improve, but the hoisting machinery faults in practical application is more perfect, system design, complete the regular maintenance, improve the level of operating personnel is to improve the key, heavy mechanical reliability summary experience,

3、 in view of the different the fault using the targeted approach to reduce accidents and improve the work efficiency is also very important.在企业里运用较为平凡的主要有电动葫芦、电动单梁起重机及通用桥式起重机。一般情况下生产型企业运用起重机械主要是在检In the enterprise in the use of more ordinary mainly electric hoist, electric single girder crane and bri

4、dge crane. General production enterprise use of lifting machinery mainly in the examination修的时候辅助使用,且运行环境较恶劣,使用率不高,但是故障率较高,据统计,检修用起重机械每年平均的使用次数约为6次,但是发生故障为1.2次,从而影响检修进度、增加维修费用及成本,且对检修时的安全埋下了极大的隐患。因此,判断起重机械的故障原因并采取有效的的措施预防其故障的发生就显得尤为重要。When repairing auxiliary use, and the operation environment is ve

5、ry bad, the utilization rate is not high, but the failure rate is high, according to statistics, the overhaul by use of hoisting machinery annual average number is about 6 times, but failure is 1.2 times, thus affecting the maintenance schedule, increasing repair costs and cost, and the repair of th

6、e safety buried the huge hidden trouble. Therefore, judge fault reason of lifting and take effective measures to prevent the fault is particularly important.1.起重机械的详细分类 A detailed classification of 1 hoisting machinery目前,国内已经正式使用的起重机设备种类多样,从不同的角度对其进行分类的结果是不一样的。详细划分起重机的类别有助于了解各类设备的故障问题,引导操作人员掌握相应的机械性

7、能,提高机械故障的故障防范意识,实现安全故障率的降低。常用的分类方式是参照机械结构划分,包括:At present, the domestic has been officially used crane species diversity, the results of its classification from the different angle is not the same. The detailed division of crane categories helps to understand the problems of all kinds of equipment,

8、guide the operating personnel to grasp the corresponding mechanical performance, improve the fault of machinery fault prevention awareness, reduce the safety failure rate. Classification of commonly used reference mechanical structure, including:1、桥式起重机。桥式起重机属于一种大空间结构的机械设备,其主要架设在企业的大生产车间中。常用的桥式起重机包括

9、:门式起重机、装卸桥、冶金桥式起重机等。 1, the bridge crane. Bridge crane is a kind of large space structures, machinery and equipment, the main building in the enterprise production workshop. Bridge crane used include: gantry crane, bridge crane, crane etc.2、升降式起重机。升降式起重机即“施工升降机”,这种起重机的运行空间相对较小。升降机在运行期间均是按照原先的轨道升降运动,

10、结构组合比较简单且运动形式也多数是垂直运动。 2, lifting crane. Lifting crane lifts , a relatively small operation space for such crane. Lift during operation are in accordance with the track lifting motion of the original, structure is simple and the motion form mostly vertical movement.3、臂架式起重机。臂架式起重机常会架设在运输汽车上,不仅达到了升降运

11、动的要求,且方便了起重机的运输需要。主要设备有:汽车式起重机、轮胎式起重机、塔式起重机等细石混凝土泵。 3, jib crane. Jib cranes often erected in the transport vehicles, not only to the lifting movement of the requirements, and facilitates the crane transportation need. Main equipment: truck crane, truck cranes, tower cranes.4、小型起重机。小型起重机最大的特点在于机械结构简

12、单,没有过于复杂的机械运行形式。通常小型起重机只能完成简单的“升降运动”,最具代表性的则是千斤顶、滑车、绞车等。4, small crane. The characteristics of small crane is the most simple mechanical structure, no mechanical operation is too complex. Usually small crane can complete a simple lifting movement , the most representative is Jack, pulley, winch etc.

13、2.起重机械使用过程中存在的不安全因素 Unsafe factors existing in the 2 hoisting machinery used in the process of近几年,国家对特种设备的安全很重视,先后制定了特种设备安全监察条例、起重机械安全监察规定等多项法规、标准,加强了对起重机械的监察管理工作,有效地控制了事故发生。但由于种种原因,起重机械仍然存在许多不安全因素,起重机械存在的不安全因素主要有以下几点: In recent years, the national security of special equipment very seriously, has f

14、ormulated the special equipment safety supervision regulations , crane safety supervision regulations and other laws and regulations, standards, strengthen the monitoring and management of hoisting machinery, effective control of the accident. But due to various reasons, the hoisting machinery still

15、 exist many unsafe factors, lifting the unsafe factors mainly in the following points:2.1人为因素 2.1 human factors由人为因素引起的起重机械事故较多,主要表现在: Caused by human factors play a more heavy machinery accidents, mainly in:(1)起重机械司机的失误。司机注意力不集中,司机的能力、意识不足,不熟悉所使用的起重机械,不按安全操作规程作业,易导致事故的发生。 ( 1 ) crane driver errors.

16、 The driver can not concentrate, lack of drivers ability, consciousness, is not familiar with the use of lifting machinery, not according to the rules of safe operation, easy to cause accident occurred.(2)起重机械监管的失误。起重机械进行危险性较大作业时,不设专门监管人员旁站;监管人员责任心不强,疏于监护,造成起重机械与周围物体碰撞。 ( 2 ) the hoisting machinery regulatory failure. The hoisting machinery is very dangerous operation, no special supervision personnel supervisi