最新六年级上册英语语法讲义现在完成时学习及阅读拓展训练牛津上海版一起.docx

1、最新六年级上册英语语法讲义现在完成时学习及阅读拓展训练牛津上海版一起学员姓名： 学科教师：年级：六年级 辅导科目：授课日期时间主题现在完成时学习及阅读拓展训练学习目标1掌握现在完成时的基本概念及重要考点；2灵活迁移阅读信息到写作表达中去。教学内容1、上次课后巩固作业复习；2、互动探索教学建议：1. 此部分3分钟左右。2. 通过以下图片，帮助学生了解现在完成时的构成，引入现在完成时的概念。3. 根据下图提示，要求学生进行现在完成时的介绍。现在每个学生选择一张图片。每个学生需用图片所给的提示词进行介绍，也可以介绍其他地方，由老师进行引导。看谁介绍的最好，有奖品哦！提示词： I have .（mak

2、e cakes） (go Bungee jumping)Key：I have made cakes before. I have never gone Bungee jumping before.教学建议：1. 此部分5分钟左右。2. 通过以下图片，帮助学生熟悉现在完成时的构成。3. 根据下图提示，要求学生进行现在完成时的对话，需用所给句型“what is the most delicious food you have tasted?”。4. 学生可以说出其他自己喜欢的食物现在每个学生选择一种食物，同时找到一个搭档，然后需用所给句型“what is the most delicious fo

3、od you have tasted?”对话。教学建议：1. 此部分5分钟左右。2. 通过以下图片，帮助学生熟悉现在完成时的构成。3. 根据下图提示，要求学生进行现在完成时的对话，需用所给句型“what is the best place you have been to?”。4. 学生可以说出其他自己喜欢的地方现在每个学生选择一个地方，同时找到一个搭档，然后需用所给句型“what is the best place you have been to?”对话。 the Great Wall the West Lake Paris, France知识名称【知识梳理1】概念现在完成时态表示过去发生

4、的动作对现在的影响或有无某方面的经历。【知识梳理2】基本用法教学建议：做阅读拓展训练时，可以用竞答的方式让学生找出文章中出现的现在完成时，并从当堂课所学的内容进行分析。一、时态构成：have/has + 动词过去分词现在完成时态是很难掌握的一种时态，因为它并不是表示发生在某一时间的事情，而是既涉及过去，又联系现在的一种时态。比较：I live in Shanghai. 我住在上海。（一般现在时） I moved to Shanghai ten years ago. 十年前我搬到上海住了。（一般过去时） I have lived in Shanghai for ten years. 我在上海住了

5、十年了。（现在完成时）二、用法详解现在完成时的构成现在完成时由“have / has+过去分词”构成。其中的have / has 为助动词，构成疑问句时，可将其提前；构成否定句时，可直接在其后加not。过去分词的构成一般情况词尾+ed动词原形过去式和过去分词Walk行走 walkedWork工作 workedHelp帮助 helped以不发音字母e结尾词尾+d动词原形过去式和过去分词Decide决定 decidedHope希望 hopedLike喜欢 liked以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i，再加-ed动词原形过去式和过去分词Carry搬运 carriedHurry快 hurriedFly飞翔

6、 flied以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母双写词尾+ed动词原形过去式和过去分词Stop停止 stoppedNod点头 noddedPlan计划 planned注意：上面介绍的都是过去式和过去分词的规则变化，也就是“动词原形+ed”.实际上还有许多动词的过去式和过去分词的变化是不规则的。如：（1）动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式都相同：cutcut, cut(切割)（2）过去式、过去分词形式都相同：bringbrought, brought(带来)（3）动词原形、过去式、过去分词形式都不相同：gowent, gone(去)这些规则的变化需要逐个记忆。更多不规则动词的变化，可以查看书后附

7、录。【例题精讲】写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词形式。动词原形过去式过去分词do did donedropgobegincutmovefrygivesmellwinrun答案：动词原形过去式过去分词 drop dropped dropprdgo went gonebegin began begun cut cutcutmove moved movedfry fried friedgive gave givensmell smeltsmelled smeltsmelledwin won wonrun ran run【知识梳理3】现在完成时的用法1. 表影响：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造

8、成的影响和结果，可以和already, yet, just等连用。 1) I have already posted the photos. 我已经把照片寄了。（照片不在我这里了）2) -have you had your lunch yet? 你吃午饭了吗？-Yes, I have just had it. 是的，我吃了，我刚刚吃过。（现在不饿了）完成句子：我们已经完成了工作: We work.她刚参加一个晚会回来 She from an evening party.We have just finished work.She has just come back from an eveni

9、ng party.2. 表继续：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，还可能继续下去的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用。如：this morning, these days, in the last (past), since, for a long time 等。 1)They have lived here since 1989. 自从1989年以来，他们就住在这里。 2) She has been there for over two years. 她在那里两年多了。她已当了20年的老师_你在这里住了多久了?_She has been a teacher for

10、 20 years. How long have you lived here?3. 表经验：表示从过去到现在之间曾经经历过的事情，常和never, ever, once, three times, before, ever since, recently等连用。 1) I have never been to Egypt before. 我以前从没去过埃及。2) He has been to Egypt three times. 他去过埃及3次了。你当过教师吗?_他过去从未开过车_ Have you ever been a teacher before? He has never drive

11、n a car.【例题精讲】1. We _ a new school in my hometown recently (最近).A. build B. have built C. built D. will build2.-Did your brother go to America last year?- _.A. No, he did never go there B.No, he has never gone there C. No, he never was there D. No, hes never been there 3 _ the Great Wall?A. Have you

12、 ever gone to B. Are you ever going to C. Do you ever go to D. Have you ever been to4.I_ the book yet.A. havent read B. hadnt read C. dont read D. am not reading 5 They left for Beijing last month and we _ them ever since. A. dont hear from B. havent heard from C. wont hear from D. didnt hear from 6

13、 He says he_ the book several times already this year.A. had read B. has read C. will read D. is reading答案. 1-6 B D D A B B【知识梳理4】现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1. 现在完成时与一般过去时都表示过去的动作，但现在完成时强调动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的影响、生成的结果等等，而一般过去时只表示在过去的时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，强调动作，前者强调影响。1) A: Have you seen the film? 你看过这部电影吗？ B: Did you see the

14、 film? 你看过这部电影吗？A句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；B句强调的是这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。2)A: She has watered the flowers.她已经浇了花。（不需要再浇了）B:She watered the flowers yesterday.她昨天浇的花。2. 表示过去的时间状语如： yesterday, last week , two years ago ,just now ,in 2002 等，以及when为首的疑问句与一般过去时连用，而不与现在完成时连用。1) Tom has written a letter to his paren

15、ts last night. （错） Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. （对）2) -have you ever been to the great wall? -Yes, I have.-When did you go there?-Last week.【知识梳理5】使用现在完成时的几个问题（非常重要，常考）have been to, have gone to和have been in1) have been to 表示“过去曾去过某地”，说话时已从该地回来或去了其它地方，总之，现在已不在该地。2) have gone to 表示“以

16、去了某地”，说话时不在说话地点或在去该地的途中，或已到了该地。总之，现在还未回来。3) have been in 表示“已在该地（待了多久）”。表示“已在小地方多久”，需用at, 而后面跟副词时只用have been，不用任何介词。Xiao Li have been to Beijing. 小李去过北京。Xiao Li have gone to Beijing. 小李去了北京。Xiao Li have been in Beijing for three years. 小李在北京待了三年了。【例题精讲】1 My father isnt here now. He _Shanghai. He _ t

17、here twice. A. has gone; has been B. has gone to; has been to C. has been to; has gone D. has gone to; has been2 -Hi! Bruce. I havent seen you for three weeks.-Hi! George. I_ America.A. have gone to B. went to C. have been to D. have been in3 My uncle_ London for five years. But he will be back next

18、 year.A. went B. has been in C. has gone D. has gone to4 -Could I speak to Mrs. Black, please?-Sorry, she _ to the library.A. is going B. has gone C. has been D. will to 5 Peter is young, but he_ many foreign countries.A. has been in B. has gone to C went to D. has been to答案： 1-5 D C D B D【知识梳理6】sin

19、ce的用法1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.2) since +一段时间+ ago I have been here since five months ago.比较since和forSince 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。I have lived here since I was born.Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.

20、 I have lived here for more than twenty years.【知识梳理7】现在完成时态中，当句中含有一段时间状语时，谓语动词短暂变延续！1. 现在完成时中有瞬间动词和延续性动词的区分：说明 “终止”、“延续”要转换：英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性（瞬间动词）两种，在现在完成时态中一定要注意动词这一特性，当句中含有一段时间状语时，应将这类瞬间动词转换为延续性动词。瞬间动词：come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, die等。延续性动词：live, teach, learn, work, study, k

21、now. 例如： The film has begun. The film has been onfor an hour.He has gone . He has been awayfor ten minutes.2、初中阶段常见的瞬间动词对应的延续性动词总结：leave - be away, borrow - keep, buy - have,begin/start - be on, die - be dead, finish - be over, fall ill - be ill, get up-be up, become - be, catch a cold - have a cold

22、, go there - be there, come back - be back, put on wear；go out -be out， get to/ arrive/reach - be (in)open(v.)-be open(adj.), join - be in+组织机构/ be a member of+组织机构 【知识梳理8】时间副词1. 副词的意义：用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词和全局的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式、动作、频度等。副词根据他们的意义，可以分为时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词和疑问副词。2. 副词的分类：时间副词：today, tomorrow, yes

23、terday, always, often, now, before等地点副词：here, there, down, up, down方式副词：slowly, badly, hard, fast程度副词：very, much, still, almost, too疑问副词：why, what, where, when, how【巩固练习】1._ you _reading the novel?A. Did; finish B. Have; finished C. Are; finished D. Do; finish 2.He _ in our school for 20 years and h

24、e _ here in 1977.A. has taught; came B. has taught; has come C. taught; came D. has teached; has came3. The old man _ in this house since 1949.A. has lived B. had lived C. is living D. lives4. I hope I _ no mistake in my work so far （迄今为止）.A. make B. am making C. have made D. was making5. The life o

25、f the people_ greatly in the past years.A. has changed B. have changed C. changed D. are changing 6. Her grandpa_ for three years.A. has been dead B. has died C. had been dead D. died7. I _ her only twice since last year.A. see B. was seeing C. have seen D. saw8. Lucy _ to Shanghai once.A. went B. h

26、as gone C. has been D. had been 9. -_ your homework yet?-Not yet, I_it.A. Have you done; am doing B. Did you do; did C. Did you do; am doing D. Have you done; did10. -Where_ the recorder? I cant see it anywhere.-I _ it right here half an hour ago. But now it is gone. A. did you put; have put B. have

27、 you put; put C. do you put; putting D. did you put; have put1-5 B A A C A 6-10 A C C A BA. Choose the best answers:B. Read the passage and fill in the blanksI. Read the passage and choose the best answers: Cathys Self-portrait (自画像）Hello, everyone! My name is Cathy Ray and Im from South California,

28、 USA.I have always loved 7 My interests include (包括）travelling, reading, photography(摄影) and people-watching But what is people-watching? I think this changing worldis so wonderful 8 me. I like to watch the way we are different from others but also some of the ways which we are 9 same. I like to stu

29、dy the things that change us. I like to see 10 other people live. That is what I mean by people-watching.For most of the year, I live with my father in California but my mother lives and works in Shanghai so I am beginning to consider (把.看作) Shanghai my second home. I understand how hard it is 11 En

30、glish because Ive been learning Chinese and French for most of my life. Learning languages isnt easy but I hope to introduce (介绍) something to all of you to help make your English studies more interesting. In return, I will be learning more about Shanghai, my second home, and learning more about all of you!7.A.writingB.writeC.writesD.wrote8.A.atB.aboutC.inD.to9.A./B.