决胜高考英语一轮复习考点讲练15 语法填空.docx

1、决胜高考英语一轮复习考点讲练15 语法填空2022年高考英语一轮复习考点讲练考点15 语法填空 考情分析语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形，同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。1. 语篇型填空的命题方式：有提示词和无提示词。2. 命题意图和方向：给出提示词多考察实词（动词、名词、形容词、副词）的词性转换和基本用法，如动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致；名词单复数；形容词副词比较等级等。无提示词多考察虚词 ，主要是介词、冠词、连词等。预计未来 高考这些仍然是考查热点。语篇型填空对学生的理解能力提出了越来越高的要求，每篇文章中都有一两个较长较难的句子，这

2、对部分同学造成了一定的困扰。3. 备考策略：熟练掌握大纲词汇单词，尤其是重点词汇的用法。多背短语、句子、语篇，牢固掌握基本的语法知识。典例体悟【2021全国甲卷】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The Xian City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived Chinas long history. It_61_ (build) originally to protect the city _62_ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely re

3、stored (修复). It is possible _63_ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.After _64_ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at

4、the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what _65_ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!We _66_ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky _67_ did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all _68_ way around the Xian City Wall. Supposedly you

5、 can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and _69_ (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their _70_ (day) routines.解析 ：本文介绍了西安城墙的历史、景观及作者游玩西安城墙的体验。61. was built 考查时态和语态。因主语it (The Xian City Wall) 与build是被动关系，故用被动语态；又由后文的the Tang dynasty可知，用一

6、般过去时，故填was built。62. in 考查介词。表示“在某个朝代”用介词in。63. to walk 考查非谓语动词。因it is possible to do sth为固定搭配，意为“做某事是可能的”。64. spending 考查非谓语动词。在介词after后用动名词，故填spending。65. better 考查形容词比较级。由than可知这里用比较级形式。66. hired 考查动词的时态。结合上下文的时态可知，此处用一般过去时。 67. but 考查连词。因“我的单车又旧又摇晃”与“能顶用，起作用”是转折关系。68. the 考查冠词。特指沿着西安城墙的这条路，用定冠词t

7、he。69. watchtowers 考查名词单复数。因被different修饰，故用复数形式。且前文的gates也有提示。70. daily 考查词性转换。在名词routines前作定语，用形容词，daily routines表示“日常生活”。【2021全国乙卷】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it all

8、ows the traveler to become 61 (educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 62 (develop) of the local areas.Ecotourism has 63 (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It w

9、as not widely accepted as a travel concept 64 the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.Due to 65 growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 66 trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-frien

10、dly trip must meet the following principles:Minimize the impact of 67 (visit) the place.Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.Provide 68 (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visito

11、rs and the hosts.Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. 69 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim 70 (have) a low impact on the natural environment.解析： 本文是一篇说明文，本文向读者简要介绍了以生态环境为主要景观的

12、旅游起源和特点。61. educated。考查非谓语动词。educate与逻辑主语traveler之间是被动关系，故应用educated作表语，意为“受到教育的”。62. development。考查词性转换。空格中所填单词在句中作benefits的宾语，需用develop的名词形式。63. its。考查代词。空格中所填单词在句中作定语，修饰名词origin，需用it的形容词性物主代词形式。64. until。考查介词。句中考查了not.until.（直到才）句型。句意：直到20世纪80年代末，它才被广泛接受为一种旅游理念。65. the。考查冠词。growing popularity受of

13、environmentally-related and adventure travel修饰，故填表示特指的定冠词the。66. of。考查介词。various types of是固定搭配，意思是“各种类型的”。67. visiting。考查非谓语动词。动名词短语visiting the place在句中作介词of的宾语。68. financial。考查词性转换。空格中所填单词在句中作定语，修饰名词aid，故需用finance的形容词形式。69. Activities。考查名词复数。空格中所填单词在句中作主语，由句中from whale watching to hiking可知，这里指各种各样

14、的活动，需用activity的复数形式。70. to have。考查非谓语动词。aim后常接不定式作宾语，aim to do sth旨在做某事。知识点拨 语法填空解题思维导图（需牢记）语法填空解题步骤1通读全文，把握大意。了解全文大意后，从语篇着手，并联系上下文，可根据自己掌握的语法知识、词汇知识、生活常识、固定词组及配和句型搭配，及对某一国家的风俗习惯、文化背景的了解，行文的逻辑关系、语篇标志等进行填充。2结合语境，前后试填。语法填空在设题方面分为有提示词填空和无提示词填空：无提示词填空类其考查的语言项目主要有：行文逻辑、连词、介词、关系代词等；有提示性填空类其考查的语言项目主要有：动词时态

15、和语态、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、冠词等。做到：边读边填，先易后难。3重新浏览，验证复查。根据语篇进行填空后，必须逐一进行复核检查，消除隐患，排除难点，以达到完全无障碍阅读之目的，顺利流畅地表达出文章的主题大意。语法填空的检测目的也就顺利达到了。 语法填空的题目虽然难度相对较大，考查范围相对较广，考生失分现象较为严重，但是只要考生能够清楚地了解这类题目语法的命题特点和命题规律，掌握答题的技巧，在备考的过程中有针对性地多加练习，熟练语法的运用，及时对经验进行总结，加强在语篇情境下应用能力，在考试中就能提高对语法填空的的准确率，取得较为理想的成绩。真题精练1、【2021全国新高考1卷】阅读下

16、面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatlessong The Long and Winding Road.56 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we_57 (human)are.The ho

17、t spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will58 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 59 (hot) the spring! Strange, isnt it? But thats how nature is -always leaving us60(astonish).

18、What comes next is the endless series of steps You cant help wondering how hard it61 (be)for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure62offers a place where you can sit down to rest yo

19、ur63(ache)legs.As the song goes, this long and winding road will never disappear, and it will always stick in the visitors memory. It surelydoes in64(I). While youre in China, Mount Huangshan is65must to visit!2、【2020全国卷I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China has become the first country to land a s

20、pacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Change-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moons far side is 62 (extreme) challenging. Because the moons body blocks direct radio communic

21、ation with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)， more so 65 the familiar near side. Ch

22、inese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change-4 66 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. This really excites scientists, Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, because it 67 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 (construc

23、t) Data about the moons composition, such as how 69 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether 70 (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.3、【2020全国卷II】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Deorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New YearChinese New Ye

24、ar is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62 (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 63 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.These are some of the most popular in ma

25、ny parts of the country:Oranges: Orange trees are more 64 decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them of

26、ten in their homes and office. 66 (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated 67 health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 68 (care) for and make great presents.Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The 69 (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored

27、 buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are 70 first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.4、【2020全国卷III】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In ancient China lived an artist61 paintings were almost lifelike. The artists reputa

28、tion had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 62 (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would63(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, t

29、he old nan laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li Riverperhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.Filled with 64 (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 65 he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) arti

30、st, they smiled and 66 (point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67 (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, 68 (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mount

31、ains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds69 (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70 earth, Mother Nature.5、【2020全国新高考卷】阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Many people have

32、 the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36 (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big 37 until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 obj