1、高中英语易错点点睛与高考突破专题07 非谓语动词解析版【2015高考预测】1.非谓语动词的类别和句法功能2.非谓语动词的时态和语态3.非谓语动词的固定搭配非谓语动词逻辑主语的表达形式和否定形式4.非谓语动词是历年高考考查的重点和热点。然而从对近几年的高考题分析来看,命题者更趋向于对非谓语动词和谓语动词的选择的考查。一来可以考查到学生掌握非谓语动词的用法,同时也可以考查到句式结构,也就是运用语言的能力了。今后的试题中应该还是热点。请看典型例题典型例题题的考查情况。【难点突破】非谓语动词是历年高考考查的重点和热点。然而从对近几年的高考题分析来看,命题者更趋向于对非谓语动词和谓语动词的选择的考查。一
2、来可以考查到学生掌握非谓语动词的用法,同时也可以考查到句式结构,也就是运用语言的能力了。今后的试题中应该还是热点。请看 典型例题典型例题题的考查情况。1 _ in a white uniform , he looks more like a cook than a doctor.A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed2.The storm left, a lot of damage to this area.A. cansed B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused3 “ou
3、 cant catch me !”Janet shouted, away.A. run B. running C. to run D. ran4.Ive never seen anyone run so fast David go.A. just watch B. just to watch C. just wateth D.mgust Dhaving watched5.English has a large vocabulary, hasht it? Yes. _ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read a
4、nd communicate. A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known6.Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage the gift and took her away, _ into the woods.A. seizing. disappeared B. seized. disappeared C. seizing. disappearing D. seized. disappearing【举一反三】1 If the project _ by the end of this year is delay
5、ed, the construction will be fined.A. to be completed B. is completed C. being completing D. completed2 We do hope we can be of some help, doctor.Thats great! _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.A. Give B. To give C. Giving D. Given3 How many of us_ ,say, a meeting that is not important
6、to us would be interested in the discussion.A. attended B. attending C. to attended D. have attended【易错点点睛】易错点点睛 1 非谓语动词类别和句法功能1. I think youll grow him when you know him better.A.liking B.to be like C.to like D.to be liking2.Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. The answers ready will b
7、e of great help.A.To have had B.Having had C.Have D.Having3. The flowers sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt4. “We cant go out in this weather,” said Bob, out of the window.A.looking B.to look C.looked D.having looked5.
8、 Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents .A.worried B.to worry C.worrying D.worry6. The repair cost a lot, but its money well . A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending【特别提醒】非谓语动词句法功能的注意事项:不定式1.介词后的动词不定式只限于作介词except和but的宾语,此时exceptbut意为“除了,除去”。
9、其主要搭配有:can but + 动词原形;只能、只得cannot help(choose)but + 动词原形:不能不do nothing but + 动词原形:只做There is nothing to do but + 动词原形: 只有做 have no choice but to do:只有做例如:The last bus having gone, I could do nothing but go home on foot. (省略 to)I cannot choose but tell him the truth. (省略 to)She could do nothing but l
10、eave. (省略 to)I have no choice but to cry. (不能省略to)2.不定式在使役动词have,let,make以及感官动词see,look at,watch,notice,observe,hear, listen to,feel后的宾补,不定式符号要省略,但这些句子变为被动结构时,就必须带符号to.例如:I often hear him sing this song. He is often heard to sing this song.I saw them play in the park. They were seen to play in the p
11、ark.3.不定式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。如果作定语的不定式使不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是其动作的地点、工具等,不定式后须有相应的介词。但名词way,place,way除外。例如: He is not a man to tell lies. ( 主谓关系 ) There will not be enough space to stand in on the earth. ( 动宾关系 ) Here is some paper for you to write on.The boy has a nice pen to write with.We f
12、ound a way to solve this problem (in).通常使用不定式作定语的情况有:(1)不定式表示将来;(2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all,any等限定词的中心词。(3)用来修饰一些抽象名词,常见的有:ability,disability,chance,idea, fact,excuse,promise,answer,reply,attempt,belief,way,reason,time等。例如: During my holidqy I borrowed some books to read.(表将来)She was the first woman to
13、win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. (有序数词修饰)I have no chance to escape. (修饰抽象名词)Do you have the ability to read French? (修饰抽象名词)4.不定式作状语时可以表示目的、原因、结果或条件。表示目的时可用in order to,so as to换用;表示条件时,一般把表示条件的动词不定式置于句首,句中的谓语动词常含有will,shall,should, would,can,must,could等情态动词。例如:He sat down to have a rest. (表
14、目的 )He woke up to find everybody gone. (表结果)Im very pleased to hear from him. (表原因,主要是表示喜、怒、哀、乐)To look at him, you cant help laughing. (表条件,谓语动词含有can)He was too excited not to say a word. (表程度)He is old enough to go to school. (表程度)过去分词、不定式和现在分词的被动式作定语的区别:这三种形式作定语,主要是体现在动作发生的时间上的区别。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表
15、示的动作之前或是没有一定的时间性;现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;不定式的被动式作定语时,表示一个未来的动作。例如:The bridge to be built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (将要修建的)The bridge being built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (正大修建的)The bridge built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (己经修建了的)Have you read the novel
16、 written by Dickens?He is a teacher loved anti respected by all students. (没有时间性)Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the young men. (表正在)The question to be discussed at the Sunday meeting is very important. (表将来)在英语中,表示“感觉状态”的动词现在分词和过去分词形式作表语和定语时,现在分词表示“令人感到”,指主语或被修饰的词给人的感觉;过去分词表示”感到”,指
17、主语或被修饰的词本身的感觉。例如:interesting令人感兴趣的interested感到有兴趣的exciting令人感到激动的excited感到激动的shocking令人感到震惊的shocked感到震惊的过去分词、不定式和现在分词作宾语补足语的区别:1.感官动词(see,look at,watch,notice,observe,hear,listen to,feel)和使役动词(have,let,make)后的宾补有三种形式,即原形动词(不带to的不定式),现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示主动和正在进行,过去分词表示被动完成,不定式表示主动和完成。注意:make不能接现在分词作宾补。例如:
18、I heard her sing a Chinese song jut now. (表示主动,完成) I heard her singing a Chinese song when I passed by her room last night. (表示正在进行)I heard the Chinese song sung many times. (表示被动)The captain got/have the soldiers moving to ward the front after a short rest. ( 不能用make)I looked down at my neck and fo
19、und my necklace gone. (表示状态)I was surprised to find my hometown changed a lot. (表示完成)2.动词leave后接三种形式作宾补时,表达的具体含义是“使处于某种状态”。例如:It is wrong for you to leave the machine running. (主动,正在进行)The guests left most of the dishes untouched. ( 被动,完成)My workmate left, leaving me to do all the rest work. (主动,将来)
20、My workmate left, leaving all the rest work to be done. (被动,将来)过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别:1.一般来说,过去分词表示被动完成的动作,现在分词表示主动进行的动作。例如:Seen from a distance, the mountain looked like a man.Seeing the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown.2.现在分词的被动一般式表示正在进行的被动动作,过去分词表示被动完成的动作。例如:Being helped by the teacher, she wi
21、ll learn English well.Helped by the teacher, she has learned English well.3.现在分词的被动完成式表示先于谓语动词动作发生的动作,过去分词所表示的动作,有时发生在谓语动词之前,有时与谓语动词同时发生,有时表示未来的被动动作或状态。例如:Having been used for a long time, the watch needs to be mended. Used in this way,the word shouldnt be taken as a verb. Given more time, we will f
22、inish the work perfectly.独立主格结构分词短语作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果与句子的主语不一致,那么分词短语就需要有自己的逻辑主语,这就是独立主格结构形式。独立主格结构是分词短语意义上的逻辑主语,通常由名词或代词来充当,放在分词之前。因为没有实际的主语和谓语,独立主格结构不是句子,一般放在句首或句末,充当时间、原因、方式等状语。例如:Winter having come, its getting colder and colder.The homework finished,the child went home.His leg badiy hurt,h
23、e had to stay in bed.Time permitting, well visit the Summer Palace.She lay against the wall,the sun shinning upon her.从例句可以看出,独立主格结构中分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语是两个不同的人或物,因此,分词前的名词或代词不能省略。独立主格结构也可以由“withwithout + 名词或代词 + 分词、不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语”构成。例如:The boy stared at the teacher, with his mouth opon.With his parents a
24、way, the boy became naughtier.The teacher came into the classroom,with a book in her hand ( = book in hand).She sat still, with her eyes closed. ( 被动,状态)She sat still, with her eyes looking at the ceiling. (主动,正在)With you to help me , I could do it better. (主动,将来)With a lot of problems settled , the
25、 mayor went to have a holiday. (被动,完成)With a lot of problems to be settled , the mayor has a hard time. (被动,将来)垂悬分词作状语垂悬分词是现在分词一种特殊用法,其逻辑主语是句子非主语部分中指人或物的某一名词或代词,或泛指“我们”。例如:Searching along the street, it had taken him along time to find a clinic. ( searching 的逻辑主语是句中him 所指的人)Walking or sleeping, this
26、 subject is always in my mind. (walking or sleeping 的逻辑主语是句中my所指的“我”)Using the electric energy, it is necessary to change its form. ( using 的逻辑主语泛指“我们”)【举一反三】1 such heavy loss, the businessman didnt have the courage to go on.A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered2 When last valuabl
27、e, those books enjoyed great success.A. finding B. found C. being found D. to be found3 How pleased the detective was _ what his customer told him!A. hearing B. to hear C. heard D. to hearing4 Ill thank you _ my affairs alone.I will. It is none of my business.A. to have left B. for leaving C. to lea
28、ve D. for having left易错点点睛 2 非谓语动词的时态和语态1.Is Bob still performing? Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official. A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left2_in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.A. Havin
29、g lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing3. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year.A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed4. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left.A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told5. The old man,_ abroad for twenty,
30、 years, is on the way back to his motherland. A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked6. You were silly not _ your car.A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked7. from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other
31、country in the world.A. Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated 1.动词不定式的时态和语态 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,一般使用不定式的被动语态,形式有一般式和完成式(进行式没有被动式)。例如: Her father disappeared,never to be heard from again(hear from和his father之间是被动关系) The book is sid to have been tramlated into many languages(translate和the book之间是被动关系)注意:不定式中使用主动代替被动的情况:(1)不定式所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,不定式往往用主动形式。例如: I havent got a key to unlock the door.(to unlock the door的逻辑主语
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