15 语法填空增分攻略五解析版.docx

1、15 语法填空增分攻略五解析版赢战2020届高考英语重点难点【语法填空】增分攻略五解析版技巧一有提示词类一、提示词为动词时，通常考查谓语动词和非谓语动词的形式。考查谓语动词若句子中没有谓语，或者有并列连词连接两个谓语，则需要填谓语动词形式，此时考生应根据语境判断动词的时态、语态，以及谓语动词与主语保持单复数一致。典例1(2019全国卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65._(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66.bel

2、ief(believe) that populations are increasing.解析have reported考查时态和主谓一致。句中的时间状语In recent years多与现在完成时连用，主语some Inuit people为复数意义，故本空填have reported。典例2(2019全国卷)Of 69.the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70._(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data

3、.解析are考查时态和主谓一致。本句其他谓语用了一般现在时，本句的主语six表示复数意义，故本空应填谓语动词are。考查非谓语动词若句子中已经有了谓语动词，且此空不作并列谓语，则需要填非谓语动词形式。非谓语动词包括动名词、现在分词、过去分词和不定式。此时考生应判断非谓语动词在句中作什么成分，非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间存在主动还是被动关系，以及非谓语动词和谓语动词的时间先后顺序，从而确定所填动词的适当形式。(1)作主语或宾语，通常用V.ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况。典例3(2019全国卷)Scientists have responded by 67._(note) that

4、 hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68.higher(high) than they actually are.解析noting考查非谓语动词。在介词by后，应用动名词作宾语，故本空填noting。典例4(2018全国卷)The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower

5、 myself，ducking my head to avoid 64._ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel 65.challenged (challenge)解析looking考查非谓语动词。avoid后常接动名词作宾语，故本空填looking。(2)作目的状语或形容词后作状语一般用动词不定式。典例5(2019全国卷)Modern methods 63. of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s, and are ex

6、pensive 64._(perform) consistently over a large area.解析to perform考查非谓语动词。本句含有“sth.beadj.不定式”结构，主语通常是不定式动作的承受者，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。句意：自20世纪80年代中期以来，人们就在使用现代的方法来跟踪北极熊的种群数量，这些方法在很大范围内连续执行起来非常昂贵。典例6(2018全国卷)You dont have to run fast or for long 62._(see) the benefit.解析to see考查非谓语动词。本句有谓语，因此空处应用非谓语动词；分析句子结构及句

7、意可知，此本空应用动词不定式to see作目的状语。(3)作伴随状语时，通常用分词形式，若与逻辑主语之间是主动关系， 用现在分词；若是被动关系， 用过去分词。典例7(2019全国卷)On the last day of our weeklong stay, we 49.were_invited(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 50._ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.解析

8、listening考查非谓语动词。listen与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语，故本空填listening。典例8(全国卷)People probably cooked their food in large pots，44._(use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.解析using考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词cooked，故空处应为非谓语动词；又因主语people与use之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式作伴随状语，故本空填using。(4)动词的词性转换主要是转换为名词作主语、宾语，或转换为形容词作表语和定语。典例9(2019浙江卷6月)Oth

9、er American studies showed no 64._(connect) between uniforms and school performance.解析connection/connections考查词性转换。根据no可知，要用connect的名词形式，connection表示“联系，关联”，为可数名词，故本空填connection/connections。典例10(2019全国卷)When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting

10、46._(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.解析competition考查词性转换。根据空前的不定冠词an可知，此处应填名词单数形式，表示一个有趣的比赛，故本空填competition。典例11(2018全国卷)This switch has decreased 66._(pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.解析pollution考查词性转换。此处应填pollute的名词形式

11、pollution作宾语。二、提示词是名词提示词为名词时，通常考查名词复数、名词所有格，名词与形容词、名词与副词之间的转换。词性的选择取决于文章的语境和语法规则。考查名词复数典例12(2018全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66.which/that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67._(ca

12、use)解析causes考查名词复数。此处cause是可数名词，意为“原因”，句中的all表示“所有”，后应用可数名词的复数形式，故本空填causes。典例13(2017全国卷)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61.as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62._(effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical comm

13、unity was trying to fight.解析effects考查名词复数。这种趋势产生了一些意想不到的副作用。根据空前的“some”及空后的“such as overweight and heart disease”可知，此处指不止一种副作用，故本空填名词复数形式effects。考查名词与形容词的转换典例14(2019全国卷)They also shared with us many 47._(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 48.hugely (huge) popular with tourists.解析traditional考查

14、词性转换。修饰名词stories应用形容词，故本空填traditional。典例15(2017全国卷)Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However, be 69._ (care) not to go to extremes.解析careful考查词性转换。此处为形容词作表语，故填careful“当心的”构成系表结构。三、提示词是形容词或副词考查形容词与副词的相互转换典

15、例16(2019全国卷)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62._(poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20，00025，000 polar bears worldwide.解析poorly考查副词。此处应用副词poorly“不好地”修饰动词studied。典例17(2018全国卷)A taste for meat is 63._(actual)

16、 behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.解析actually考查副词。此处需填副词来修饰整个句子。 考查比较等级做题时， 要注意比较级的提示词(如than)和可以修饰比较级或最高级的一些词(如much, even, still, by far, a little, ever等)。典例18(2018全国卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three

17、 years 61._(long) than nonrunners.解析longer考查副词的比较级。句中有than，故填long的比较级longer。典例19(2018全国卷)He screams the 63._ (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.解析loudest考查副词的最高级。根据语境和空后的of all可知，空处应填副词的最高级。典例20(2017全国卷)Even 66._ (bad), the amount of fast food

18、 that people eat goes up. 解析worse考查形容词的比较级。短语even worse意为“更糟糕的是”，表示意义的递进。故填worse。赢战2020届高考英语重点难点【语法填空】提能训练五Test 1In human history, many ancient and splendid civilizations were born and died. China is the only country 1._ uninterrupted human civilization. Chinese civilization was born on the shores o

19、f the Yellow River. And the rich land 2._Chinese civilization began is Henan Province.The Yellow River goes across 3._(center) Henan. It is Chinas main northtosouth and easttowest artery(干线). Chinas most ancient tribal 4._(lead), the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Emperor, were born here. Even today, Ch

20、inese people all over the world still 5._(proud) call themselves the descendants(后裔) of these two emperors.The river holds 6._ unshakable position in the heart of every Chinese, 7._ (respect) by every generation and called “the Mother River”. With intelligence, hard work and determination, Chinese d

21、escendants pursue coexistence and common prosperity on this land. The 5，464kmlong Yellow River breaks the last barrier and flows into the broad plain, 8._ (form) the cradle(摇篮) of Chinese civilization.Till now, the Yellow River 9._ (raise) 13 dynasties capital Luoyang, 8 dynasties capital Kaifeng an

22、d the biggest economic center in 10._ (it) areaZhengzhou.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古代文明诞生地黄河的地理位置和历史地位。1with解析：考查介词。句意：中国是世界上唯一一个人类文明没有中断的国家。此处with意为“带有”，表伴随状态。故填with。2where解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处应用where引导定语从句，修饰先行词“the rich land”。故填where。3central解析：考查词性转换。根据空格后的Henan可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词，意为“河南的中心”。故填central。4

23、leaders解析：考查词性转换及名词的单复数。空格前有形容词“tribal”修饰，此处应用名词；又根据下文中的“the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Emperor”可知，这是两位领导者，应用名词的复数形式。故填leaders。5proudly解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词“call”。故填proudly。6an解析：考查冠词。此处泛指不可动摇的地位。position是可数名词，其前应用不定冠词修饰，且unshakable是读音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。7respected解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这条河在每一个中国人心中都有着不可动摇的地位，受到每

24、一代人的尊重，被称为“母亲河”。主语The river与动词respect表示的动作的承受者，二者之间是被动关系，此处应用过去分词作状语。故填respected。8forming解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：全长5 464公里的黄河冲破最后一道屏障，流入广阔的平原，形成了中华文明的摇篮。主语Yellow River与动词form之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作结果状语。故填forming。9has raised解析：考查动词的时态。根据本句中的时间状语Till now可知，此处应用现在完成时。故填has raised。10its解析：考查代词。此处应用形容词性物主代词its指代“the Yello

25、w Rivers”。故填its。Test 2Official figures show that the number of people taking international 1._(flight) is decreasing, and that this is resulting in significant changes to holidaying habits. As the cost of air tickets increases, 2._ appears that more and more families are choosing to spend their summ

26、er holidays at home.For many parents, a summer with no overcrowded resorts may seem quite 3._(attract), but the idea might well be less popular with teenage children, 4._are probably used to flying off to the Mediterranean or Miami as soon as school breaks up. So, the question is, how can young peop

27、le enjoy themselves 5._(thorough) when so much is closed for the holidays, and so many of 6._(they) friends are bound to be away?Nowadays, many sports centres organize summer activities aimed at young people 7._(interest) either in indoor or outdoor sports. These might range, for example, from playi

28、ng table tennis 8._ going mountainbiking. As well as being healthy and enjoyable, taking part in activities like these 9._(be) also an excellent way to make new friends. For the most popular activities, though, it is advisable 10._(apply) early for a place, perhaps two or three months in advance.【解题

29、导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新兴的度假方式国内度假及其对青少年的影响等。1flights解析：考查名词的单复数。flight是可数名词，根据上文中的“the number of people taking”可知，此处应用复数形式。故填flights。2it解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语。故填it。3attractive解析：考查词性转换。此处应用形容词作表语。故填attractive。4who解析：考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是teenage children，指人，且关系词在从句中作

30、主语，所以此处应用who引导。故填who。5thoroughly解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰enjoy。故填thoroughly。6their解析：考查代词。此处应用形容词性物主代词作名词friends的定语。故填their。7interested解析：考查词性转换。be interested in是固定短语，意为“对感兴趣”，此处作后置定语，省略了be。故填interested。8to解析：考查介词。from.to.是固定短语，意为“从到”。故填to。9is解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上下文语境可知，此处应用一般现在时，表示客观情况；又因主语“taking part in activities like these”是非谓语动词结构，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故此处应用is。故填is。10to apply解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中“it”作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。故此处应用to apply。故填to apply。Test 3Go(围棋) is a board game