并列句和复合句.docx

1、并列句和复合句并列句和复合句、并列句 用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句叫做并列句。 (一)并列句的构成 其构造是“简单句+并列连词+简单句。 (二)常用的并列连词 1常见的用于连接两个简单句的并列连词有：and，but， or，so，for。词意用法and和，并且表示顺延或并列，如果两个分句都是肯定语气，用and连接。or否那么，或者表示选择，如果两个分句的语气为一个肯定，一个否认，那么应用or连接。but但是表示转折，but与thoughalthough不能同时用在一个句子中。so所以表示结果，由so连接的并列句可转换成because引导的主从复合句，两者不能同时用在一个句子中表示

2、“因为所以。for因为表示原因，是对另一个分句的补充说明，但不能放在句子的开头。 2其他的并列连词有：then，while，when，not only.butalso.,neither.。nor，either.or，as well as等。 二、复合句 复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。主句和从句都具有完整的主谓构造，主句是全句的主体，从句是主句中的一局部，不能独立存在。 根据从句在全句中的不同作用，从句可分为：宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。在这里重点讲解宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。 (一)宾语从句 1.宜语从句的引导词引导词用法例句that

3、本身无意义(口语中可省去)当宾语从句是述句时I really believe(that)Tom will helpus我确实相信汤姆会帮助我们。ifwhether (or not)是否当宾语从句是一般疑问 句时Im not sure if I ll have time.我不敢肯定我是否会有时问。what，who，where，how，when，why，which，whose， whom等当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时Please tell me when you wereborn请告诉我你是何时出生的。Id like to know what you want best我想知道你最想要 什么东西。 注

4、意： whether和if引导宾语从句时，一般情况下可以互换，但在以下情况下须用whether，不能用if。1具有选择意义，宾语从句中有or或or not时。例如：Eg：We really dont know whether news is true or not我们真的不知道这消息是否是真的。2在介词后接宾语从句或不定式时。例如：Eg：We are talking about whether we ll go back to our hometown我们正在讨论是否回老家去。3作discuss等词的宾语时。例如：Eg: We discussed whether we should close

5、 the shop我们讨论了是否应该把商店关掉。 2宾语从句的语序 宾语从句无论是述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句意义，一律用述句语序，即“主语+谓语构造。句尾标点符号取决于主句。例如：Are you a student? He asks He asks if you are a student他问你是否是学生。Where does he work? Do you know?Do you know where he works?你知道他在哪工作吗? 3宾语从句的时态 宾语从句的时态原那么上应与主句的时态一致。具体情况如下表：主句时态从句时态例句一般现在时根据实际情况而定I hear that he

6、 went to Beihai yesterday 我听说他昨天去了。一般过去时过去的某种 时态He said his fatherwould takehim to Shanghai他说他爸爸 将带他去。一般过去时或其他时态客观事实或真理只用一般现在时 表示My father told me that the sunrises in the east爸爸告诉我太阳从升起。 (二)状语从句 1时间状语从句时态：当主句是一般将来时态或祈使句或含有将来的意义时，由when，as soon as，tilluntil，before引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时。例如：Eg: As soon as he

7、returns home，I ll let you know 他一回到家，我就告诉你。引导词：由when，while，as，since，after，before，untiltill， as soon as等连词引导。a)when，while与aswhenwhileas不同点主、从句的动作可以是同时发生，也可以是先后发生强调在某一时间主、从句中谓语动词所表示的动作在同一时问里发生强调主、从句的从句中的谓语动词既可以是瞬间动词也可以是延续性动词从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词动作同时发生一样点意思均为“当时 例如：Father was waiting for me when I got home ye

8、sterday 昨天我到家时，爸爸正在等我。While we were having a meeting，my sister came in to ask for me正当我们开会时，我妹妹进来找我。She sang happily as she walked along the lake 她一边沿着湖边走，一边欢快地唱着歌。 b)till与untiluntiltill共同点意思为“直到才，均可用于“.untiltill.句型主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句和从句都用肯定形式；当主句的谓语动词是瞬间动词时，主句须用否认构造不同点可用在句型“not until中不可用在句型“not till正

9、式用语，可放在句首非正式用语，不可放在句首 例如： I didnt go to bed untiltill he came back at ll oclock last night直到他昨晚11点回来我才睡觉。 Please Wait here until I e back 请在这等，直到我回来。 c)since引导的从句，表示“自以来，从句中的谓语动词表示动作的起点，要用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词表示延续性动作，通常情况下使用现在完成时。在句型“It ishasbeen.since+从句中，从句用一般过去时，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时。例如： It is ten years since s

10、he joined the army 她参军已有十年了。2条件状语从句条件状语从句由if(如果)，as long as(只要)，unless(除非)等引导。如果主句为祈使句、一般将来时或含有情态动词时，从句用一般现在时。例如：If it SNOWS tomorrow，we will have a day or two off如果明天下雪的话，我们将放假一两天。We wont go to his party unless he invites us如果他不邀请我们的话，我们就不去参加他的晚会。if的用法 if可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导条件状语从句。其用法如下：宾语从句条件状语从句引导词if意思

11、是否如果作用作主句的宾语作主句的状语时态主句一般现在时或一般将 来时一般将来时从句根据从句实际情况而定从句用一般现在时代替将来例句Im not sure if she will e我不能确定她是否会来。I will tell you if she es如果她来了，我会告诉你。 3结果状语从句结果状语从句由so，so.that.，such.that.，so that等引导。so.that.与such.that.区别so.that.so+形容词副词+that从句so+muchlittle+不可数名词+thatso+manyfew+可数名词复数+thatso+形容词+aan+单数可数名词+thats

12、uchthatsuch+aan+形容词+单数可数名词+thatsuch+形容词+不可数名词可数名词复数+that 例如：It is so cold outside that nobody will go out to play 外面很冷，以至没有人愿意出去玩。He has so many books that I dont know which one I should borrow他有这么多书，我不知道该借哪一本。 He is such a good man that we all like him He is so good a mall that we all like him 他是一个

13、大好人，我们都喜欢他。 4原因状语从句 原因状语从句由because，as，since等引导。 如果是直接原因，通常用because引导；如果原因是人们的事实，用since引导；如果原因和理由是不言而喻、为人所知的、显而易见的，用as引导。由since，as引导的原因状语从句，一般位于主句之前。例如： Jim didnt go to school yesterday because he was ill 吉姆昨天没去上学，因为他病了。Since we are middle school students，we should listen to ourteachers既然我们是中学生，我们就应该

14、听教师的话。 5目的状语从句 目的状语从句由so that，so，in order that等引导。从句中常用can，could，may，might等情态动词。例如：My father gets up early every day so that he can catch the first bus爸爸每天都起得很早，以便能赶上头班车。 6让步状语从句 让步状语从句由although，though等引导。意思为“虽然(尽管)但是，要注意不能与but用在同一个句子中。 例如：Although the doctor was tired，he went on working 尽管这个医生很累了，但

15、他还继续工作。 7比拟状语从句 比拟状语从句由than，as.as，not so.as等引导。例如： He is as tall as his father 他和他爸爸一样高。 8地点状语从句 地点状语从句由where，wherever等引导。例如：Where there is a will，there is a way有志者事竟成。(三)定语从句 1概论 定语从句在复合句里起定语作用，修饰主句中的名词或代词。被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。根本构造为：先行词+关系词+定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词有who，whom，whose，which，that，when，where，why等。 2关系词的

16、根本用法先行词关系词例句人who，whom， thatThis is the man whothat tookthe photo 这就是拍这照片的人。物matt, whichThe train thatwhich has justleft is for Beijing刚刚离开的那列火车是开往的。时间whenWe ll never forget the days when we worked together 我们永远都不会忘记在一起工作的时光。地点whereThis is the place where mygrandparents lived这就是我祖父母居住过的地方。语法专练：一、单项选择

17、 1. I dont know _ he will e tomorrow. _ he es,Ill tell youA. if; Whether B. whether; WhetherC. if; That D. if; If 2. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow. A. when does he e B. how will he e C. if he es D. whether hell e 3. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is? A. whatB. howC. whether D. where

18、 4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help? A. how did he mend B. what did he mend C. how he mendedD. what he mended 5. I want to know _. A. whom is she looking afterB. whom she is looking C. whom is she lookingD. whom she is looking after 6. Do you know where _ now? A. he lives B. does he l

19、ive C. he lived D. did he live 7. Do you know what time _? A. the train leave B. does the train leaveC. will the train leaveD. the train leaves 8. I dont know _. Can you tell me, please? A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players C. the two players are how old D. how old the two p

20、layers are 9. The small children dont know _. A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings 10.I cant understand _. A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means 二、按要

21、求转换句型 1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?改写句子 Could you tell us _ Mr. Brown _ living in China? 2. Does the girl need any help? he asked me.变为复合句 He asked me _ the girl _ some help3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.合并为一个句子 _ Jim _Tom is a student. 4. When do

22、es the train leave? I want to know.改为含宾语从句的复合句 I want to know _ the train _.5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用notuntil改写) They _ go home _ they had finished their homework 6. Did Peter e here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句) Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday.