八年级牛津上册unit课文.docx

1、八年级牛津上册unit课文Unit 1 Encyclopaedias一、词汇课文复现二、词汇句型语法知识拓展三、高频词汇inventorincludemusicianwinfind out四、语法专题复合不定代词some any somebody anybody nobody（some和any）被动语态初步认识五、课文重点句型及短语归纳1.encyclopaedian.百科全书2.humanadj.人的3.dinosaurn.恐龙4.Italiann.意大利人，Italyn意大利All roads lead to Rome.(谚)条条大路通罗马；殊途.Rome was not built in

2、 a day.(谚)罗马城不是一天建成的；伟业非一日可成When in Rome do as the Romans do.5.inventorn. 发明家6.musiciann. 音乐家7.scientistn.科学家8.bornv. (be born)出生9.countrysiden.乡村; 农村The Italian musician was born in France, and when he was at the age of five, he together with his parents moved to Italy.He liked drawing , playing mu

3、sic and inventing things at school. Hehad many inventions, so he was a famous inventor in the world.10.intelligencen.才智;智慧11.artisticadj. 有艺术天赋的12.abilityn. 才能；能力13.perhapsadv.可能;大概14.inventionn. 发明15.notebookn. 笔记本16.includev. 包括；包含17.evenadv. (强调出乎意料) 甚至18.howeveradv. 然而19.suddenlyadv.突然；忽然20.nobo

4、dypron. 没有人21.fossiln. 化石22.winv. (won, won) (在比赛中)获胜,赢23.dollarn.元（美国、加拿大等国货币单位）24.in the countryside在乡村;在农村25.human being人26.die out灭绝;消失27.find out了解(到);弄清28.go for a walk去散步一、词汇课文复现一、课文再现Look it up!Here are two articles from an encyclopaedia.Da Vinci, LeonardoLeonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)was an

5、Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist.Da Vinci was born in the countryside. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability.As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His paintings are very famous,and one, the Mona Lisa,is perhaps the most fam

6、ous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooksincludesome interesting drawings of flying machines. (See Art)DinosaursDinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human begins. They lived everywhere on Earth. Some dinosaurs wereas small aschickens.Oth

7、ers were as big as ten elephants.Some could even fly.Many dinosaurs ate plants. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat.Dinosaurs lived on Earth for more than 150 million years. Then, suddenly, they all died out. Nobody knows why. However, we can learn about them from their fossils. (See Earth his

8、tory)查找它这里有来自百科全书的两篇文章。列奥纳多达芬奇列奥纳多达芬奇(1452 - 1519)是意大利画家,发明家,音乐家,工程师和科学家。达芬奇出生在农村。从很小的时候,他表现出极大的智慧和艺术才能。当他长大时,他学会了做很多不同的事情。他的画是非常出名的,其中一个,蒙娜丽莎,也许是世界上最著名的画。他也有很多发明。例如,他的笔记本包括一些有趣的飞行机器的图画。(见艺术) 恐龙恐龙生活在地球上人类6000万多年前。他们生活在地球各个地方。一些恐龙和鸡一样小。其他的有十头大象一样大。一些甚至可以飞。许多恐龙吃植物。然而,一些恐龙喜欢吃肉。恐龙在地球上生活了1.5亿多年。然后,突然,他们都

9、灭绝了。没有人知道为什么。不过,我们可以从化石中了解他们。(见地球历史)P.13 More practiceAustralias big attractionsAustralia is a very big country. It also has many big attractions.The Big BananaThe Big Banana is in Coffs Harbour. It was made in 1964 by John Landy. Landy wanted something to make people come to his fruit shop, so he b

10、uilt the Big Banana. The idea worked. Many people visited his fruit shop and took pictures of the Big Banana. Soon people all over Australia began making big things.The Big MerinoThe Big Merino is in the city of Goulburn. Merinos are a type of sheep. They can live in dry weather. Some places in Aust

11、ralia are very dry, so these sheep are very important to the farmers there. Inside the Big Merino, there is a small museum about the history of wool in Australia.Visitors can also climb up to the Big Merions head and look at the view through its eyes.二、词汇句型语法知识拓展1.painterpaint动词改为名词加上后缀-erteach- tea

12、chersing-singerread-readervisit- visitorinvent-inventor有些动词加上-er或者加上-or变为名词多指男性，若指女性加后缀-ressactor- actresswaiter-waitresstailor-tailoressauthor-authoress2.cookn./v.3.I have some questions about dinosaurs.About指代内容比较普遍 ,on 暗指内容是专门的，是学术性的4. There isnt anybody in the room.1)不定代词为单数2)There be这里有5.复合不定代词

13、Is there anything on the blackboard?(P9)Is there anything on the noticeboard? (P9)Is there anybody above the teacher? (P9)Is there anybodyby the window? (P9)Is there anything above the teacher? (P9)Is there anythingunder the teachers desk? (P9)Is there anyonebehind the teacher? (P9)Is there anything

14、on the bookcase? (P9)Is there anyone next to the piano? (P9)Grammar复合不定代词1、some 和anysome 和any都可以修饰可数名词复数或者不可数名词，表示“一些.”,但是二者在用法上还是有一定的区别的。2、some一般用于肯定句或者表示请、建议并希望得到肯定答复的疑问句中。David has some friends in shanghai.May I have some chicken?Would you like some noodles?3、any一般用于否定句和疑问句中Mary hasnt got any pen

15、s.玛丽没有钢笔。(1) Its polite to takeflowers as a gift when you go to visit a friend.A. littleB. anyC. some(2) There isntwater in the glass. Lets go and get some.A. manyB. lotsC. anyD. some4、复合不定代词高频考点1） I saw nobody.2）There is not anybody in the room.3）Is there anything on the bookcase?复合不定代词 一般是用some, a

16、ny, no, every与one, thing, body组合构成的。4）一般来说，some构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句中，any构成的复合不定代词用于否定句或疑问句中。5）复合不定代词作主语的时候，谓语用单数形式Somebody wants to see you.6）形容词修饰复合不定代词的时候，要放在代词的后面Do you have anything important to tell us?above在上方，两者不接触belowAboveonoverBelowbeneathunderon在.上面，两者接触over“在.正上方”表示两者垂直，但不接触，也可指“笼罩或者覆盖在上面”unde

17、rbetweenamongThe moon is now _ the trees.The books are _ the table.There is a bridge _ the river.6.Its always useful to have an encyclopaedia around the house.(P10)Its +adj+for sb to do sth.对于某人来说做某事是.It为形式主语，没有实际意义，正真的主语是后面的不定式短语.7. A week later.(P12)一段时间+later,表示一段时间之后，常用于过去时。表将来的一段时间之后_8. 表花费：sb.

18、 spend(s) / spent onsth.sb.spend(s) / spent (in) doingsth.sb.pay(s)/ paidforsth.sth. cost(s) sb. ittakes / took sb. to dosth.注意各句型中主语、介词及动词(本身及后面接的动词)的形式I spent ten yuanbuyingthis book.=Ispent ten yuanonthis book.=This bookcostme ten yuan.=I paid ten yuanforthis book.=Ittookme ten yuanto buythis boo

19、k.9. An encyclopaedia oftenconsists ofa numer ofbooks. These books are called volumes.(P14)a number of & a lot of许多(P14)a number of + 可数名词复数a lot of + 可数名词复数/不可数名词eg.A lot of people were queuing for the film.许多人排队等著看那部电影.（可用a number of代替）I havent got a lot of time.我时间不多了.(不可用a number of 代替)注：短语the n

20、umber of (的数目) 做主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：The number of the students in our school is 900. 我们学校的学生数目是900。10. as +adj/adv(原级)+as 和一样1. Some dinosaurs wereas small aschickens.2.Others were as big as ten elephants.(P3)3. I am as tall as my sister.我和姐姐一样高。（tall,形容词）4. He worksas hard asme. 他工作和我同样努力。(hard,副词)5. She

21、 sings as well as me. 她唱得和我一样好。(well,副词)6. He draws as carefully as his elder brother.他画画画得和他哥哥一样仔细认真。7.The boy is as intelligent as his brother.8.You should write as carefully as your father.9.They speak as slowly as the old man.1、as+形容词、副词（原级）as.2、as 之后跟形容词的情况，如下：1) 在as . as 之前是be 动词，第一个as之后跟形容词2)

22、 在as . as 之前是感官动词look, feel, smell, sound, taste,第一个as之后跟形容词：3) 在as . as 之前是：remain, keep, seem.第一个as之后跟形容词3、在其它行为动词之后，第一个as 之后必须跟副词的情况：除以上1）、2）、3）所列动词的其他行为动词否定形式:notas/so+ adj/adv(原级)+as不如一样He is not as tall as me.He is not so tall as me.= He is shorter than me.= I am taller than he.11. Sometimes a

23、n encyclopaedia tells us where to look formore informationon a similar subject.(P14)look forfindfind outlook for强调找的动作和过程。如：Im looking for my book. 我正在找我的书。find强调找的结果，即找到还是没找到。如：I look for my book everywhere, but I cant find it. 我到处找我的书, 但没找到。find out表示查出, 努力查找。往往是指通过努力去查明事情的真相或查找答案等。如：The teacher t

24、ries to find out who is not in the classroom. 老师试着查出谁没在教室。find表示找到，发现。往往是找到或发现的结果。如I found my bike in the corner of a park.I didnt find my key, so I was not able to go into myroom.1. Many shoes nowadays are made of plastic or similar stuff. 如今，许多鞋子是用塑料或类似的材料制成的。2. A cat is similar to a tiger in many

25、 respects. 猫和虎在很多方面相似。similar =the same3. These two signatures are very similar, can you tell them apart? 这两处签名非常接近，你能把它们区分开来吗？4. Similar conditions are to be found in other countries. 在其他国家也会发现同样的情形。12.It was made in 1964 by John Landy.(P13)这是一个被动句，谓语 was made 意为“被建造”英语中有两个语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态:Many pe

26、oplespeakEnglish.主语谓语动词宾语被动语态:Englishis spokenby many people.主语be+动词过去分词by+主动语态中的主语13.Landy wanted something to make people come to his fruit shop, so he built the Big Banana.(P13)Make sb do sth.have /let14. Many people visited his fruit shop andtook pictures ofBig Banana.(P13)Take pictures/take pho

27、tos of .15. Visitors canclimb up tothe Big Merinos head and look at the view through its eyes.(P13)Through 介词，通过，透过，强调从物体内部通过Look throughgo through16.Sometimes an encyclopaedia tells us where to look formore informationon a similar subject.(P14)Information 信息，情报，资料。它是不可数名词，没有复数形式。Advice, music ,work, weather, fun.17. at the end of .在.的末尾，在.的尽头（P4）There is a park at the end of the road.In the end 最后18.When I was young, I used to keep a notebook.(P4)used to do.过去常常做某事否定：didnt use to.19. They were not very good,but they help