初中中考英语语法被动语态的讲解.docx

1、初中中考英语语法被动语态的讲解被动语态全解及练习语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。一被动语态的时态：1.一般现在时的被动语态： am /is/ are +动词的过去分词2.一般过去时的被动语态： was /were +动词的过去分词3.一般将来时的被动语态： will be +动词的过去分词4.现在进行时的被动语态： am /is /are +being +动词的过去分词5.现在完成时的被动语态： have /has +been +动词的过去分词6.情态动词的被动语态： 情态动词

2、+ be +动词的过去分词二被动语态的基本用法:(1) 需要强调动作的承受者时The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the worldEnglish is widely spoken in the world now. (2) 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时Mr. Wang is invited to the meeting today .The problem is dealt with now .(3) 当说话人需要强调客观时It is said that she was a beauty when she wa

3、s young .三主动主动语态变被动语态的变法：口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done ,时不变，数格必须随被变。 注：1.主动、被动的时态要一致。 2.主动、被动的句式要一致。 3.变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。语态转换不被动语态的步骤1, 把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语2, 把动词改为被动语态形式即be+过去分词。3, 原来主动语态句子中的主语,如果需要就放在by的后面以它的宾格形式出现(因为by是介词,后面需跟宾格作介词的宾语。)以指明做事的人或物,如果没有必要,可以省略。4, 其它成分不变5, 被动语态中by+宾语的省略被动语态句式中的by+宾语表示及物动词

4、所表示动作的执行者,但是在遇到以下情况时,表示动作执行者by +宾语常常被省略。(1) 动作执行者不确定时Paper is made from wood .Many people are killed in traffic accidents every year .(2) 不必表明动作执行者时English is also spoken as the second language as well as one of the official languagesFootball is played in most schools。(3 ) 动作执行者为一般大众时Both English an

5、d Spanish are spoken in this area.一般过去时的被动语态的基本句式(1) 肯定式:主语+ was /were +过去分词+byIt was made in Beijing Renai Education Institute . (2) 否定式:主语+was /were + not + 过去分词+ byShe was not given a paniting by him .This question was not discussed at the meeting yesterday .(3) 一般疑问句:Was /Were + 主语+过去分词+by ?Was

6、it made of bamboo?(4) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were + 过去分词+byWhat was is made of ?教你一招如果句子为一般现在时,主动语态用do/does ,被动语态用is/am /are如果句子为一般过去时,主动语态用did ,被动语态用was /were .由情态动词构成的被动语态的基本句式(1) 肯定式:主语+情态动词+be+ 过去-Water can be changed into ice.She ought to tidy up her bedroom-Her bedroom ought to be tidied up.You shoul

7、d buy a dictionary at once -A dictionary should be bought at once by you.(2) 否定式:主语+ 情态动词+not +be +过去分词+byYou must not take out any books .- Any books mustnt be taken out by you .They neednt look after the little child -The little child neednt be looked after (by them)(3) 疑问句:情态动词+主语+be +过去分词+byCan

8、you use it ?-Can it be used ?常见的情态动词有:can,may, ought to, must , dare , need,should.主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况:1, 当宾语是反身代词时 The man introduced himself as Mr.Parker .2,当谓语是表示状态的及物动词时 Does the pair of new shoes suit you?We will have a meeting .四特殊情况的被动语态：1.带双宾语的被动语态：动词+ sb(间宾) +sth(直宾)口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to /for

9、 间宾连。1).give/pass /show 与介词to 搭配。give sb sth sb +be given sth 或 sth +be given +to sb . 2).buy/make/cook 与介词for 搭配。buy sb sth sb +be bought + sth 或 sth +be bought +for sb He gave me a book I _ _ a book by him. A book _ _ _ me by him .My mother made me a cake . I _ _ a cake by my mother A cake _ _ _ m

10、e by my mother .2.带省to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+ sb + do sth .口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去被动语态to回来。动词：make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watch make sb do sth -sb + be +made +to do sth The boss made the workers work all day The workers _ _ _ work all day by the boss.3. see /hear /notice /keep +sb +doing sth

11、句型中变被动语态时doing 不变。I heard Tom singing just now Tom _ _ _ by me just now .4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。We should take care of the old . The old should _ _ _ _ .五注意事项：1.有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态：last ,have ,own .belong to ,suitfine ,2.不及物动词是没有被动语态：happen ,take place ,appear , hold (容纳)3.系动词是没有被动语态：Loo

12、k, feel ,sound ,smell ,taste .The dish tastes good .4.有些词组没有被动语态：sell well , write well ,ride well ,drive well This kind of skirt sells well.5.need表示需要时，后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done .All the computers need repairing .=All the computers need _ _ _ .6.在tooto及enough to 结构中有时表示被动意义。The problem is to

13、o difficult to solve.（一）一、单项选择( )1.Do you often clean your classroom?Yes. Our classroom _ every day.A. clean B.cleans C.is cleaned D.is cleaning( )2.A talk on developments in science and technology_in the school hall next week.A. given B.will be given C.has been given D.give( )3.His new book_ next m

14、onth.A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published( )4.Did you go to Jacks birthday party?No,I_.A. am not invited B.wasnt invited C.havent invited D.didnt invite( )5.Mum,can I go to the zoo with Jack?When your homework_,you can.A. is done B.was done C.does D.did(

15、)6.Twentyyearolds should not_to drive in China.A.allow B.be allow C.be allowed D.allowed.( )7.Seeing him rush into the room with tears in his eyes,I asked him what_.A.would happen B.had happened C.happened D.was happened.( )8.The book Businessthe Speed of Thought _in 1999.A.writes B.is written C.wro

16、te D.was written.( )9.Trees and flowers_every year to make our country more beautiful.A.is planted B.was planted C.are planted D.were planted.( )10.Chinas sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang_Good Will Ambassadors(亲善大使)for Shang hai.A.has been named B.have been named C.has named D.have named.( )11.Th

17、e earth is our home.It _well.A.must be protected B.should protectC.need protect D.should protected.( )12.In recent years, many children are made _ what they are not_.A.to do;interested in B.to do;interested C.do;interested D.do;interested.( )13._a new library_in your school last year?A.Is;built B.Wa

18、s;built C.Does;built D.Did;built.( )14.An accident_on this road last week.A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happened.( )15.Cotten _in the southeast of China.A.is grown B.are grown C.grows D.grow.( )16.So far, the moon_by man already.A. is visited B.will be visited C.has been visited

19、 D.was visited.( )17.How many trees _this year?A.are planted B.will plant C.have been planted D.planted.( )18.A lot of things _by people to save the little girl now.A.are doing B.are being done C.has been done D.will be done.( )19.Neither of them _ in ChinaA.is made B.are made C.were made D.made.( )

20、20.Look! A nice picture_for our teacher.A. is drawing B.is being drawn C.has been drawn D.draws.( )21.Your shoes_.You need a new pair.A.wear out B.worn out C.are worn out D.is worn.( )22.The doctor_for yet.A.isnt sent B.hasnt been sent C.wont be sent D.wasnt sent.( )23When _this kind of computer_?La

21、st year. A.did;use B.was;used C.is;used D.are;used( )24.The Great Wall_about all over the world.A.knows B.knew C.is known D.was known.( )25.I_in summer.A.born B.was born C.have been born D.am born.( )26.He says that Mr Zhang_to the factory next week.A.is sent B.would send C.was sent D.will be sent.(

22、 )27.Who _this book_?A.did;written B.was;written by C.do;written D.was;written( )28.Mary _show me her new dictionary.A.has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to( )29. A story _ by Granny yesterday.A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us( )30.The monkey was seen_out of the tree.A

23、.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump（二）二、单项选择1 ( ) 1 The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949.A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found( ) 2 English _ in Canada.A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken( ) 3 This English song_ by the girls after class.A. often sings B. often

24、 sang C. is often sang D. is often sung( ) 4 This kind of car _ in Japan.A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 5 New computers _ all over the world.A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used2 ( ) 1 Our room must _ clean.A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep( ) 2 -Id like to buy tha

25、t coat.-Im sorry. _.A. it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold( ) 3 A new house _ at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building( ) 4 The key _ on the table when I leave.A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left( ) 5 Doctors

26、_ in every part of the world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need3( ) 1 Japanese _ in every country.A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( ) 2 These papers_yet.A. have not written B. have not been writtenC. has not written D. has not been written( ) 3 The spor

27、ts meet _ be held until next week.A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt4 ( ) 1 -My shoes are worn out.- _.A. Cant they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it.C. How much do they cost? D. Cant they mended?( ) 2 _ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are( ) 3 _ these desks

28、 be needed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do5( ) 1 Why _ to talk about it yesterday?A. didnt a meeting hold B. wasnt a meeting heldC. wasnt held a meeting D. a meeting wasnt held( ) 2 Who was the book_?A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by( ) 3 Where _ these boxes made?A. was B. were C. is D. am6( )

29、1 The flowers_often.A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water( ) 2 The books may_ for two weeks.A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow( ) 3 The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith.A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended7( ) 1 The old bridge in my hometown_ ne

30、xt month.A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuiltC. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt( ) 2 The play _ at the theatre next Sunday.A. is going to be shown B.will shown C. will show D. is shown( ) 3 The old stone bridge _ next week.A. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuildC. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild8( ) 1 Now these magazines_ in the library for a long time.A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept( ) 2 The pot _ for _ hot water.A. used; keeping B. was used; keepingC. is u