SAT4平行倒装比较强调.docx

1、SAT4平行倒装比较强调平行、倒装、比较、强调平行结构及并列复合句：平行结构：由平行结构的连接词连接两个或两个以上对等的对象构成。许多句子在描述一个人或一件物品时往往会出现一系列修饰语；动词的修饰语， 即副词往往也会几个同时使用，构成平行结构，平行结构要求语法结构须保持一致，如：1系列动词：After school, we sang, danced and played the piano in the classroom.2系列形容词：She is slim, tall, blond and beautiful.3系列副词：The students are listening to me c

2、arefully and eagerly.平行结构不仅包括动词，形容词，副词，也包括分词，不定式，动名词，名词短语和句子等的平行用法，务必提高辨别力。如果填空题中空格的后面有and, 或者and 后面有空格，那么这道题目一定是考察平行结构。(一) 平行结构的连接词（Boy Fans）bbut/bother andooryyetfforaandnnot only. but also/neither.nor/ not .butsso(二) 填空题中平行结构出现的形式是：A and B；A , B, and C(三)要求：形式对称； 功能相同例1：Were going to the book sto

3、re in Johns car. You can come with us _you can meet us there later. (2003全国卷)A. but B. and C. or D. then【句意】我们乘JOHN的车去书店,你跟我们一起去,还是直接在那见面。【答案】C【分析】首先前后句子结构上是平等并列的，所以排除D，而从前后句关系看，是选择关系,而but是转折关系,and 是并列关系，所以答案是C例2：The old couple married for 40 years and never once _with each other. (2003全国卷)A. they h

4、ad quarreled. B. they have quarreled C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled.【句意】这对老夫妻已结婚40年了,他们彼此从未吵过架.【答案】C【分析】本题的关键词是and 看见了平行结构的连接词后,and前是句子,and 后也应是句子，而一句话是以never开头的则应倒装排除A,B。once一词的出现决定本题的时态为现在完成时,排除了D，所以答案是C例3：-I dont like chicken _ fish.-I dont like chicken _ I like fish very much. （199

5、3）A. and; and B. and; but C. or; and D. or; but.【句意】我不喜欢鸡肉也不喜欢鱼肉。 我不喜欢鸡肉但我喜欢鱼肉。【答案】D【分析】否定并列和的关系用or,所以答案可能会在CD中产生,第二人说话有强烈的转折,因为前面是否定，而后面是肯定，所以本题选D例4：She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later. （1994）A. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived【句意】她天黑后回家，一个小时后到家。【答案】D【分析】AC是分词 A分词

6、一般式doing ,表示与谓语同时发生；having arrived表示先于谓语发生；to arrive表示目的而本题时态是一般过去时，所以例5：Would you like a cup of coffee _ shall we get down to business right away?（1995）A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise【答案】C例6：_ it with me and Ill see what I can do. （1998）A. When left B. leaving C. If you leave D. Leave【答案】：D并列复合句熟

7、读深思熟读下列句子，思考并列连词的意义和用法。1.He helps me and I help him.他帮我,我帮他。2.He not only gave us a lot of advice, but also helped us to study English. 他不仅给我们提出很多建议，并且还帮助我们学英语。3.I was just leaving when the telephone rang. 我正要离开，电话铃响了。4. Hurry up, or (else) youll be late. 快点，否则你就会迟到了。5.Either Tom is coming or his si

8、sters are. 不是汤姆就是他的姐妹们要来。6.It never rains but it pours.祸不单行。7.I like tea while she likes coffee.我喜欢喝茶而她喜欢喝咖啡。8.I am thirsty,for it is hot. 我口渴，因为天气太热。9.The manager was ill so I went in her place. 经理病了所以我代她去。归纳总结1.表并列关系的连词：and,both.and,not only.but (also)., as well as Both my father and mother like d

9、ancing. 我爸爸和妈妈都喜欢跳舞。 【点金】（1）both.and不能接分句。 (2)not only.but also.连接两个主语时， 谓语动词形式遵循就近原则，也就是说要与靠近but also的那个主语一致。 (3)not only引导的分句位于句首时，其分句要倒装。2.表转折的连词：but,while,however,yet,still He is old,but he is still strong.他年纪大了但仍然很健壮。 【点金】yet语气比but弱，可与and,but连用， 也可和though,although一起连用,此时作副词。 但but与although,thoug

10、h一定不能连用。 Although he is young,yet he knows a lot. 尽管他年龄小，但他知道很多。3.表选择的连词：or,or else,otherwise,either.or,neither； .nor.,not.but. His teacher didnt scold him but comforted him instead.师没有指责他，反而安慰了他。【点金】either.or.,neither.nor.连接两个主语时，谓语动词形式遵循就近一致原则。4.表因果关系的并列连词：so,for,therefore so不能与because连用；for一般不置于句

11、首，表示对前文的补充说明，语气弱;therefore常用于正式文体中，前后分句要用逗号隔开。5.when用作并列连词，意为“这时”（and then/ at that time），主要常和三种形式的主句连用。 (1)be doing sth. when+一般过去时 (2)be about to do sth.when+一般过去时 (3)was/were on the point of doing或had done sth. when+一般过去时倒装1、倒装句（Inversion） 英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序称为“倒装”。一、倒装的类型类型例

12、句说 明完全倒装Out rushed the students to welcome the foreign friends.学生们涌出去欢迎外国朋友。整个谓语移至主语之前。部分倒 装Seldom does he go to school late.他上学很少迟到。只把系动词，情态动词，助动词或表语放在主语之前。二、倒装结构的基本用法1、由于语法结构的需要而使用的倒装情 况例 句说 明疑问句中Have you got a dictionary?Where did he go last Monday?Are you listening to the radio?Who told you the

13、news?Which boy broke this glass?用完全或部分倒装，但以疑问词或疑问词修饰的名词作主语的疑问句要用正常语序。“there be”结构中There are three wells in our village.There will be a party tonight.在以there,here now,then,just,out,in,updown.away,bang等方位或拟声词的副词开头的句子中，且谓语为be,stand,lie,come,go,fall等Here is a letter for you.这儿有你一封信。There goes the bell.

14、铃响了。Now comes your turn to play.现在轮到你玩了。Away went the crowd one by one .In came our teacher.Out rushed the boys.一般使用完全倒装结构。但如果主语是代词则用正常语序。Look, there he comes! 看，他来了。Down she went 她下来了。在以nor,Neither,no more或者so开头的句中 I cant swim, nor (neither)can she .我不会游泳，她也不会。He did not turn up. No more did his wi

15、fe. 他没有来，他妻子也没有来。表示“也不”,neither和nor意思相同,可以替换使用, So表示“也一样”时用倒装，但仅用于肯定对方所说的内容时用正常语序。so + 动词+主语“也是如此”neither/ nor + 动词+主语表示两人的同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。否则要用so it is with用在as（尽管）引导的让步状语从句中Proud as the nobles are ,he is afraid to see me .尽管这些贵族很傲慢，他却害怕见我。Young as he is, he knows a lot .虽然他年轻，却知道很

16、多东西。从属连句as用于特殊语序，含义与though, although相同，但“as”这种结构可表示非常强烈的对照，必须用倒装（表语提前,部分倒装）,Though引导的句子可倒装也可不到装， although引导 的句子不可倒装2、为了加强语气而使用的倒装。（使句子更加流畅，更加生动）情 况例 句说 明含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时Never before have we seen such a sight.以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his Germa

17、n citizenship.不仅他所拥有的一切都被剥夺了,而且连他的德国公民权也被剥夺了。常用否定词有: never, not, hardly, scarcely(几乎不), seldom, little, barely(几乎不), rarely(很少的),by no means, in no way, at no time, not until, not onlybut also, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely)when等。一般主句用部分倒装结构。当not onlybut also连接主语成分时，句子用正常语序。Not only Jack but also

18、 many others enjoy pop music.副词only放在句首时Only then did he realize his mistakes .Only in this way can you learn maths well .only 起强调作用，其句型为“only +状语+部分倒装”。如置于句首的only修饰主语，则不用倒装结构。Only Mother can understand me .Only three of us failed in the exam.虚拟语气条件从句中Were they here, they would help us .Had I been i

19、nformed earlier. I could have done something.把从句中if省略将were，had或should放在主语的前面。直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时“He is a clever boy”said the teacher. “What do you think of the film? ”he asked. 主句主语和谓语次序颠倒，用完全倒装。但如果主句主语为代词时或谓语部分比主语长，一般不用倒装。表示祝愿的句子中May you succeed! 祝你成功。Long live the Communist Party of China.谓语动词或谓语的一部分

20、放在主语的前面。在频度状语often, always, many a time等开头的句子中Often did we warn them not to do so.我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做。Many a time has she helped me with my English.在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首Thus ended his life.这样结束了他的生命。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him .表地点状语的介词短语放在句首。In the middle

21、of the room stood a little girl.在房间中央站着一个小女孩。In the distance was a horse.马在远处。 一般使用完全倒装结构。但如果主语是代词则用正常语序。倒装归纳总结：一 there here开头的句子 There(here)+主+谓（主为代词） There(here)+谓+主（主为名词）二 否定的副词或副词性短语放句首，倒装为一般问句句式not never hardly barely scarely little never before not until seldom by no means under no circumstanc

22、es in no time in no case nowhere no sooner.than not only but alsoEg： Little did he know that the police were around. Hardly could he believe her own eyes. Not until a week later did he learn the news. Not only do I know her ,but I am also her friend. ( Not onlybut also连接2个主语，谓语相同，不用倒装)三 only修饰副、介短、状

23、语从句时，后面句子变一般疑问句式Eg: Only recently have I had time to read the book Only by working hard can we succeed Only when one is away from home does one realize how nice home is.例：只有用这种方法，你才有希望得到更好的结果 只有在那次事故后，他才变得小心起来 Only位于句首，但不修饰副、介短、状语从句时，只修名词，不倒装 Eg: Only a brave man dare climb the hill四 so+be/助/情+主语（区别

24、so+主+be/助/情） eg 1 I know Tom well.So Hennyneither/nor+ be/助/情+主语 2 -Tom is an honest boyso it is with sb/sth -So 五so/suchthat句型，so/such放句首时的语序为 such/so +形/副/名+助+主+谓+从句Eg : So easy is the book that even a child can read it So fast did he run that we couldnt catch up with him六省if的虚拟条件句，were should had

25、提前 Eg: Were she my friend,I would ask her for help Had he taken my advice,he might have succeeded七though as while表让步时，though可倒可不倒，后二者必须倒装结构：名（不带冠词）/形/副/动词+as+主+动（或情态动词） Eg:Child as he is ,he knows a lot about the world =though he is a child, he knows a lot about the world Try as she may,she cant fin

26、ish it on time八 方式副词well和频度副词(often many a time)开头的句子 Eg:Well do I remember the day Often did he remind me not to do it Many a time has he given me good advice九 地点状语+谓+主（全倒） Eg: By his side stood a little boy In the middle of the lake lies a small island十 表祝愿的句子Eg: Long live the Peoples Republic of

27、China May you be happy!十一 such作表语时全倒 Eg: such were the facts十二 主语带很长的同位语或定语从句时，谓语为不及物，要全倒。比较：表示比较和对照关系的句型：1) A is to B what/ as C is to D(A之于B犹如C之于D)。2) Just as， so3) A and B have sth in common.4) A is similar to B.5) The same is true of,The same can be said of(也是如此)。6) The advantages of A are much

28、greater than B.7) compared with B, A has many advantages.8) The advantages outweigh the disadvantages(利大于弊)。9) Wonderful as A is, however, it has its own disadvantages too.10) Although A enjoys considerable advantage over， it can not compete with B in11) Contrary to widely accepted views, I believe

29、that12) What people fail to consider is that13) It is one thing to insist that， it is quite another to show that14) A is superior(inferior) to B.15) varies from person to person(是因人而异的)16) A is just the opposite (to B)17) A differs from B in that(A不同于B在于)18) is not the same (as)强调结构：强调句的基本句型是“It is/

30、was被强调的部分 that/who其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。强调句型的使用特点主要有以下几个方面：(1)被强调的是状语或状语从句时，要用that引导从句，而不能用which，而且通常不能省略。It was in the park that I met him.我是在公园里遇到他的。It was in 1964 that the first telephone satellite was set up by the Group of 17 Countries.17国集团发射第一颗电话卫星是在1964年。(2)被强调的是人时，引导词可用who，也可用that。Was it you that/who let out the secret to her?是你把这个秘密泄露给她的吗？注意：当被强调的是主语时，代词要用主格形式。It was I who put forward the theory first.是我最先提出这个理论的。(3)被强调的不管是单数还是复数名词，主句的be动词都用单数is或was。It was Madame Curie and her