考研阅读.docx

1、考研阅读Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Come on Everybodys doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the

2、 words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to

3、 help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa,

4、an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits,

5、and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.” Dare to be different, please dont smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought

6、 to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so

7、 powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as its presented here is that it doesnt work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.Theres no doubt that our peer groups exe

8、rt enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain,

9、 however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. Its like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And thats the proble

10、m with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.文章出处：herd mentality21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as根据第一段，同龄人的压力通常以什么样的状态出现：A a supplement to the social cure对于社会治疗的补充B a stimulus to group dyna

11、mics对于团队活力的刺激C an obstacle to school progress学校进步的阻碍D a cause of undesirable behaviors一些不良行为的原因解析：这是一个细节题：对应文中It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex.题干中的often对应原文中的usually；选项中undesirable behaviors对应no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. lead对于cause.完美替换，四级难度，出题人很仁慈。22. Rosenberg

12、 holds that public advocates should罗森博格认为公共支持者应该：A recruit professional advertisers招募职业的广告人B learn from advertisers experience从广告人那里学习经验C stay away from commercial advertisers远离商业广告人D recognize the limitations of advertisements认识到广告的局限性解析：本题为细节题，根据题干定位到：三段最后一句：Rosenberg argues convincingly that publ

13、ic-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure. 这样的句子的理解难点是一个短语：take a page from向谁学习，如果不懂，可以看后面的so skilled at applying，也能熟练的运用，一个“也”道出天机，小词有大乾坤啊！23. In the authors view, Rosenbergs book fails to作者认为Rosenberg未能：A adequately probe social and biological

14、factors足够的探究社会和生物因素B effectively evade the flaws of the social cure有效地逃避社会治疗的缺点C illustrate the functions of state funding例证出国家基金的功能Dproduce a long-lasting social effect产生长期的社会影响解析：细节题问观点；对应句子But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. 指出不足；后面一句中的主语Join the Clu

15、b 为此人所写，所以后面的表述就是他的观点： not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.：完美替换exploration对probe;24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors第五段表明对于行为的模仿：A is harmful to our networks of friends对于朋友的网络是有害的B will mislead behavioral studies会误导对于行为的研究

16、C occurs without our realizing it在没有意识到的时候就出现了D can produce negative health habits会产生不良的健康习惯解析：细节题 ；对应句子This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.对 unconsciously完美替换。25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is

17、作者在最后一段中认为同龄人压力的效果是：A harmfulB desirableC profoundD questionable解析：局部态度题 对应Far less certain, however, isThe tactic never really works表明作者对于这个事物的看法是不确定的所以选最后一个。Text 2A deal is a deal-except, apparently ,when Entergy is involved. The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified

18、outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not challenge the constitutionality of Vermonts rules in the federal court, as part of a d

19、esperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running. Its a stunning move.The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermonts only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agre

20、ed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plants license be subject to Vermont legislatures approval. Then, too, the company went along.Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitment

21、s, or it simply didnt foresee what would happen next. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankees safety and Entergys management especially after the comp

22、any made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergys behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regu

23、latory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say that Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there

24、are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has nothing left to lose by go

25、ing to war with the state. But there should be consequences. Permission to run a nuclear plant is a public trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep

26、 it open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the companys application, it should keep it mind what promises from Entergy are worth.文章出处：题目为：Vermont Yankee plants owner must honor its own promises26. The phrase “reneging on”(Line 3.para.1) is closest in meanin

27、g to短语“reneging on” 最接近那个意思：A condemning.谴责B reaffirming.再次确认C dishonoring.不守信用D securing.安全解析：词意题：A deal is a deal之后出现except，表明前后相反；还有一次题眼：commitment to abide by；前面出现provoked justified outrage，一个是正当的愤怒，一个是守承诺，那么中间就只能是不受承诺了。答案为C dishonoring.27. By entering into the 2002 agreement, Entergy intended t

28、o同意2002年的协议，Entergy 公司希望：A obtain protection from Vermont regulators.获得Vermont 监管者的保护B seek favor from the federal legislature.寻求联邦立法机关的帮助C acquire an extension of its business license .要求延长商业执照的有效期D get permission to purchase a power plant.获得购买一个电厂的许可解析：细节题 根据题干对应文中The conflict has been surfacing s

29、ince 2002, when the corporation bought Vermonts only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon.冲突从2002年开始就出现了，那个时候公司购买了Vermont唯一的一家核电站；在Vernon的一家很旧的反应堆。As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012.作为获得

30、州政府购买批准的条件，公司同意在2012年以后的运营需要征得州监管者的同意。2002 agreement对应the company agreed to；intended to对应As a condition of 因此答案为：receiving state approval for the sale；D get permission to purchase a power plant.完美替换。28. According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with its根据第四段，Entergy存在哪些方面的问题：A manager

31、ial practices.管理实践B technical innovativeness.技术创新C financial goals.财务目标D business vision经营愿景解析：细节题：A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankees safety and Entergys management一系列的事故，包括2007年冷凝塔的部分坍塌，发现地下管道系统的泄露，这些都引起了对于Vermont Yankee 安全和公司管理的强烈关注。所以答案应该是A managerial practices.29. In the authors view, the Vermont case will test作者认为Vermont 的案例将会测试：A Ent