管理学专业术语中英文对照.docx

1、管理学专业术语中英文对照1.管理与组织导论管理者:(manager)基层管理者:(first-line managers)中层管理者:(middle managers)高层管理者:(top managers)管理:(management)效率:(efficiency)效果:(effectiveness)方案:(planning)组织:(organizing)领导:(leading)控制:(controlling)管理角色:(management roles)人际关系角色:(interpersonal roles)信息传递角色:(informational roles)决策制定角色:(desci

2、sional roles)技术技能:(technical skills)人际技能:(human skills)概念技能:(conceptual skills)管理的普遍性:(universality of management)2.管理的历史劳动分工:(division of labor)工作专业化:(job specialization)工业革命:(industrific revolution)科学管理:(scientific management)一般行政管理理论:(general administrative theory)管理原那么:(principles of management)

3、官僚行政组织:(bureaucracy)定量方法:(quantitative approach)组织行为:(organizational behavior)霍桑研究系统:(Hawthorne studies systems)封闭系统:(closed systems)开放系统:(open systems)权变理论:(contingency approach)劳动力多元化:(workforce diversity)电子企业:(e-business)电子商务:(e-merce)内部网:(intranet)学习型组织:(learning organization)知识管理:(knowledge man

4、agement)质量管理:(quality management)3.组织文化与环境管理万能论:(omnipotent view of management)管理象征论:(symbolil view of management)组织文化:(organization culture)强文化:(strong cultures)社会化:(socialization)工作场所精神境界:(workplace spirituality)外部环境:(external environment)具体环境:(specific environment)一般环境:(general environment)环境的不确定

5、性:(environment uncertainty)环境的复杂性:(environment plexity)利益相关群体:(stakholders)4.全球环境中的管理狭隘主义:(parochialism)民族中心论:(ethnocentric attitude)多国中心论:(polycentric attitude)全球中心论:(geocentric attitude)跨国公司:(multinational corporation)多国公司:(multidomestic corporation)全球公司:(global pany)跨国或无边界组织:(transnational or bor

6、edrless organization)初始全球化组织:(born globals)全球外购:(global sourcing)出口:(exporting)进口:(importing)许可证经营:(licensing)许可经营:(franchising)战略同盟:(strategic alliance)合资企业:(joint venture)外国子公司:(foreign subsidiary)市场经济:(market economy)方案经济:(mand economy)民族文化:(national culture)5.社会责任与管理道德古典观点:(classical view)社会经济学观

7、点:(socioeconomic view)社会义务:(social obligation)社会响应:(social responsiveness)社会责任:(social responsinility)社会屏障筛选:(social screening)管理的绿色化:(gerrning of management)以价值观为根底的管理:(values-based management)道德:(ethics)自我强度控制点:(ego strength locus of control)道德准那么:(code of ethics)社会企业家:(social entrepreneur)社会影响管理:

8、(social impact management)6.制定决策决策:(decisions)决策制定过程:(decision-making process)决策标准问题:(decision criteria problem)理性的:(rational)有限理性:(bounded rationality)满意的承诺升级:(satisfied escalation of mitment)直觉决策:(intuitive decision making)构造良好问题:(structured problems)程序化决策:(programmed decision)程序:(procedure)规那么:(r

9、ule)政策:(policy)构造不良问题:(unstructured problems)非程序化决策:(nonprogrammed decisions)确定性:(certainty)风险性:(risk)命令型风格:(directive style)分析型风格:(analytic style)概念型风格:(conceptual style)行为型风格:(behavioral style)启发法:(heuristics)7.方案的根底陈述目标:(stated goals)真实目标:(real goals)战略方案:(strategic plans)运营方案:(operational plans)

10、长期方案:(long-term plans)短期方案:(short-term plans)具体方案:(specific plans)方向性方案:(directional plans)一次性方案:(single-used plans)持续性方案:(standing plans)传统目标:(traditional goal setting)手段-目标链:(means-ends chain)目标管理:(management by objectives)使命:(mission)承诺概念:(mitment concept)正式方案部门:(formal planning department)8.战略管理

11、战略管理:(strategic management)组织战略商业模式:(strategies business model )战略管理过程:(strategic management process)时机:(opportunities)威胁:(threats)资源:(resources)能力:(capabilities)核心竞争力:(core petencies)SWOT分析法:(SWOT analysis)公司层战略:(corporate strategy)增长战略:(growth strategy)相关多元化:(related diversification)非相关多元化:(unrela

12、ted diversification)稳定性战略:(stability strategy)更新战略:(renewal strategies)紧缩战略:(retrenchment strategy)扭转战略:(turnaround strategy)BCG矩阵:(BCG matrix)业务层战略:(business strategy)战略业务单元:(strategic business units)竞争优势:(petitive advantage)本钱领先战略:(cost leadership strategy)遵循差异化战略:(differentiation strategy)聚焦战略:(f

13、ocus strategy)徘徊其间:(stuck in the middle)战略灵活性:(strategic flexibility)市场先入者:(first mover)9.方案的工具技术环境扫描:(environment scanning)竞争对手情报:(petitor intelligence)预测:(forecasts)定量预测:(quantitative forecasting)定性预测:(qualitative forecasting)标杆比拟:(benchmarking)资源:(resources)预算:(budget)甘特图:(Gantt chart)负荷图:(load c

14、hart)事件:(events)方案评审技术:(the program evaluation and review technique)活动:(activities)松弛时间:(slack time)关键路径:(critical path)盈亏平衡分析:(breakeven analysis)线性规划:(linear programming)工程管理:(project management)脚本:(scenario)10.组织构造与设计组织构造设计:(organazational structure design)工作专门化:(work specialization)职能部门化:(functi

15、onal departmentalization)产品部门化:(product departmentalization)地区部门化:(geographical departmentalization)过程部门化:(process departmentalization)顾客部门化:(customer departmentalization)跨职能团队:(cross-functional teams)指挥链:(chain of mand)职权:(authority)职责:(responsibility)统一指挥:(unity of mand)管理跨度:(span of control)集权化:(

16、centralization)分权化:(decentralization)员工授权:(employee empowerment)正规化:(formalization)机械式组织:(mechanistic organization)有机式组织:(organic organization)单件生产:(unit production)大批量生产:(mass production)连续生产:(process production)简单构造:(simple structure)职能型构造:(flanctional structure)事业部型构造:(divisional structure)团队构造:(

17、team structure)矩阵型构造:(matrix structure)工程型构造:(project structure)无边界组织:(boundaryless organization)虚拟组织:(virtual organization)学习型组织:(learning organization)组织构造图:(organizational charts)11.沟通与信息技术沟通:(munication)人际沟通:(interpersonal munication)组织沟通:(organizational munication)信息:(message)编码:(encoding)解码:(d

18、ecoding)沟通过程:(munication process)噪声:(noise)非语言沟通:(nonverbal munication)体态语言:(body language)语调:(verbal intonation)过滤:(filtering)信息超载:(information overload)积极倾听:(active listening)正式沟通:(formal munication)非正式沟通:(informal munication)下行沟通:(upward munication)横向沟通:(lateral munication)斜向沟通:(diagonal municati

19、on)沟通网络:( munication networks)小道消息:(grape-vine)电子:()即时消息:(instant messaging)音频:(voic)电子数据交换:(electrinic data interchange)会议:(teleconferencing)可视会议:(videoconferencing)网络会议:(webconferencing)内部互联网:(intranet)外部互联网:(Extranet)实践社区:(munities practive)12.人力资源管理高绩效工作实务:(high-performance work practices)人力资源管理

20、过程:(human resource management process)工会(labor union)反优先雇佣行动方案:(affirmative action)人力资源规划:(human resource planning)职务分析:(job analysis)职务说明书:(job description)职务标准:(job specification)招聘:(recruitment)解聘:(decriuitment)甄选:(selection)效度:(validity)信度:(reliability)工作抽样:(work samping)评估中心:(assessment centers

21、)真实工作预览:(relistic job preview)上岗培训:(orientation)绩效管理系统:(performance management system)书面描述法:(written essay)关键事件法:(critical incidents)评分表法:(graphic rating scales)行为定位评分法:(behaviorally anchored rating scales)多人比拟法:(multiperson parisons)360度反应法:(360-degree feedback)基于技能薪酬:(skill-based pay)浮开工资:(variabl

22、e pay)精简机构:(downsizing)性骚扰:(sexual harassment)基于家庭的福利:(family-friendly benefits)13.变革与创新管理组织变革:(organizational change)变革推动者:(change agent)组织开展:(organizational development)压力:(stress)14.行为的根底行为:(behavior)组织行为学:(organizational behavior)员工生产率:(employee productivity)离职率:(turnover)组织公民行为:(organizational

23、citizen behavior)工作满意度:(job satisfaction)工作场所不当行为态度:(workplace misbehavior attitudes)认知行为:(cognitive ponent)情感成分:(affective ponent)行为成分:(behavior ponent)组织承诺:(organizational mitment)组织支持感:(perceived organizational support)认知失调:(cognitive dissonance)态度调查:(attitude surveys)人格:(personality)马基雅维里主义:(mac

24、hiavellianism)自尊:(self-esteem)自我控制:(self-monitoring)印象管理:(impression management)情绪:(emotion)情绪智力:(emotional Intelligence)知觉:(perception)归因理论:(attribution theory)根本归因错误:(fundamental attribution error)自我效劳偏见:(self-serving bias)假设相似性:(assumed similarity)刻板印象:(stereotyping)晕轮效应:(halo effect)操作性条件反射:(ope

25、rant conditioning)社会学习理论:(social learning theory)行为塑造:(shaping behavior)15.理解群体与团队群体:(group)形成阶段:(forming)震荡阶段:(storming)标准阶段:(norming)执行阶段:(performing)解体阶段:(adjourning)群体思维:(groupthink)地位:(status)社会惰化:(social loafing)群体内聚力:(group cohesiveness)冲突:(conflict)冲突的传统观点:(traditional view of conflict)冲突的人际

26、关系观点:(human relations view of conflict)冲突的交互作用观点:(interactionist view of conflict)积极冲突:(functional conflict)消极冲突:(disfunctional conflict)任务冲突:(task conflict)关系冲突:(relationship conflict)过程冲突:(process conflict)工作团队:(workteams)自我管理团队:(self-managed work teams)跨职能团队:(cross-functional team)虚拟团队:(virtual t

27、eam)社会网络构造:(social network structure)16.鼓励员工动机:(motivation)需要层次理论:(hierarchy of needs theory)双因素理论:(two-factor theory)保健因素:(hygiene factors)鼓励因素:(motivators)三种需要理论:(three-needs theory)成就需要:(need for achievement)权力需要:(need for power)归属需要:(need for affiliation)目标设置理论:(goal-setting theory)自我效能感:(self-e

28、fficacy)强化理论:(reinforcement theory)强化物:(reinforcer)工作设计:(job design)工作扩大化:(job enlargement)工作丰富化:(job enrichment)工作深度:(job depth)工作特征模型:(job characteristics model)公平理论:(equity theory)参照对象:(referents)分配公平:(distributive justice)程序公平:(procedural justice)期望理论:(expectancy theory)压缩工作周:(pressed workweek)弹

29、性工作制:(flexible work hours)弹性时间制:(flextime)工作分担:(job sharing)远程办公:(telemuting)账目公开管理:(open-book management)员工认可方案:(employee recognition programs)绩效工资方案:(pay-for-performance program)股票期权:(stock options)17.领导领导者:(leader)领导:(leadership)行为理论:(behavioral theories)专制型风格:(authoeratic style)XX型风格:(democratic

30、 style)放任型风格:(laissez-faire style)定规维度:(initiating strueture)关心维度:(consideration)高-高型领导者:(high-high leader)管理方格:(managerial grid)权变模型:(contingency model)最难共事着问卷:(least-preferred co-worker questionnaire)情境领导理论:(situational leadership theory)成熟度:(readiness)领导者参与模型:(leader participation model)路径-目标理论:(path-goal theory)交易型领导者:(transactional leaders)变革型领导者:(transformational leaders)领袖魅力型领导者:(charismatic leader)愿景规划型领导:(visionary leadership)法定权利:(legitimate power)强制权利:(coercive power)奖赏权力:(reward power)专家权利:(expert pow