中考英语考点总动员系列全套打包65.docx

1、中考英语考点总动员系列全套打包65考点十七 阅读理解 聚焦考点温习理解初中英语阅读理解的解题技巧阅读理解也是中考英语题的必考题目之一，本题型旨在考查学生阅读，理解的能力，几年来，中考英语题中的阅读理解材料新，题材丰富，考查学生综合推断能力，根据语篇猜单词意思的能力的力度加大，也考查学生关注细节的能力。所以学生往往要么没能正确理解语篇中某些句子的意思，在细节题上丢分，要么就是对语篇的整体把握不够，在综合题或者推断题方面丢分。那么到底怎么做好阅读理解这一题型呢？从近几年初中升学考试试卷来看，阅读理解考题的类型大致可分为三种：1.阅读短文，选择答案 这类题目类型是阅读理解最常考的一种。这类题型的选项

2、应在理解短文的基础上做出判断，坚持短文内容与考项对比的方法，把一些与短文内容明显相符或不相符的答案选出来，然后再对要求根据上下文进行推埋的考项即短文伪容中没有直接答案的考项进行推断。2.阅读短文，判断正误 这种题型要求应考者根据短文的内容，对所列的句子与短文内容是否相符做出正误判断。应考者做这类考题时应特别注意反义词、近义词以及一些词组的互替使用。3.阅读短文，回答问题 考生对这种题型除了将考项的内容与短文内容对比之外，还应特别留意一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。对于一般疑问句，回答要简洁明了，用Yes，No。对于特殊疑问句的回答，切忌用Yes，No，答话也应尽量简单，可以避免不必要的丢分

3、。对于反意疑问句，应根据反意疑问句的特点和短文的内容仔细分析。 此外纵观这几年全国各地的中考“阅读理解”试题，用于阅读理解测试的语篇内容涉及社会生活的方方面面，除了一般的英语故事外，还有书信、通知、广告、交通图、各种表格等。在体现知识测试的同时，更注重英语的实际应用。因此，要做好中考英语试题中的语篇“阅读理解”题，需要我们具备较强的“阅读”和“理解”能力。其中包括：阅读、理解英语文字信息的能力;阅读、理解各种图表的能力;快速阅读能力;根据上下文猜测英文生词词义的能力;迅速捕捉文章大意的能力;分析、判断和独立解决问题的能力。还有合理分配和利用时间的能力以及各项能力的综合运用。(二)阅读理解精设考

4、点1.考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。 此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落(或短文)的主题，主题思想，标题或目的。而获取段落的主旨和大意最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章(或一段文章)通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句(主题句一般在段首，即文章开头的第一、二句，有时也会出现在文章的最后)。假如没有主题句，在阅读时要仔细通读全文，注意文中所叙述的事实与细节是否围绕主题。这类题的主要提问方式有：1) Which is the best title of t

5、he passage?2) Which of the following is this passage about?3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that_.4) The passage tells us that_.5) This passage mainly talks about_.附：阅读理解题目类型及解题方法。1、细节理解题*此类题主要考察学生对相关信息的识别能力， 答案一般在原文中能找到。*答题时应迅速找到它的考察点，切不可望文生义或主观臆断。*出题中所设的干扰项一般与文中的观点截然相反，要么不符，要么未涉及，相对容

6、易排除。2、文章(段落)主旨大意题Which is the best title of the passage?The writer thinks_.The writer wants to tell us_.The main idea of the passage is_.*切忌以点代面，以偏概全。文章的首尾句及各段的首尾句往往是探察全文内容的窗口，阅读时要学会找出文章的中心句。*在阅读过程中，可通过略读来快速把握文章的中心，阅读时视阈要宽，紧抓对主题句的搜索，按意群进行阅读，避免阅读中的出声、指读、复视或停顿。*学会猜词、跳词阅读，以暂时记忆迅速在头脑中清晰把握文章的大意。3、推理判断题 此

7、类题需要透过文章信息进行深入的分析、综合、归纳等推断，需根据上下文及其内在联系对篇章进行深入的分析。1) How many times did the tiger come into the village?*每段的首句，含有重要的解题线索。2) From the second paragraph we know_.*在把握全篇的基础上，细读这一段。4、是非判断题Which of the following is (NOT) true?Which of the following descriptions about is right?*干扰项常常是无中生有，张冠李戴，以偏概全，扩大内容。5、

8、词意句意题What does the word “” mean in paragraph 3?What does the sentence “” really mean?In the last paragraph, “” means_.What does the underlined word mean?*学会猜词(1)根据构词法猜词义。前缀或后缀-ful(形容词后缀), -less(无，没有，构成形容词), -ly(副词后缀), un-(不，非,未), dis-(相反，否定)re-(重新)appear disappear, agree disagree, tie untie, happy u

9、nhappy, careful, careless, hope hopeless, comfortable uncomfortable(2)根据上下文猜词义。它和前后文有着必然的联系,只有把握作者的脉搏，理清逻辑链条,才能锁定生词的含义。(3)旧词新义现象。如：Australians put their shirt “tails” on the clothes line after washing, because they usually put them into their trousers. “tails” 一词原意为“尾巴”，而在此处的意思为衬衫的“_”。(4)依解释Microsco

10、pe is an instrument(工具)that makes small near objects seems larger.Microscope means_.*有时我们能从生词的前后找到解释性的文字。名师点睛典例分类【例1】Our Services BOOKS* Picture books for children* Information about the world* Novels* Books in 30 languages* Stories of all kindsYou can enjoy newspapers and magazines in the reading r

11、oom. VIDEO* Video films* TV plays* Music videos* Special interestsYou can enjoy yourself and take time to watch your favorite videos at home. You can borrow a video for a week for $ 1. AUDIO* Music for everyone: rock; classical; pop; blues; folk* Language cassettes(盒带) in 42 languages in the worldSp

12、ecial rooms for you to enjoy listening.CDs and cassettes can be borrowed Free!* You can borrow up to five books; one CD or one cassette. As many videos as you want.* You can keep books for three weeks; CDs and cassettes for one week.* You can renew(续借) them by phone, by post, or in person at the lib

13、rary if you want to keep them longer.25. We probably can see this “Services” in a _. A. library B. cinema C. hospital D. shop26. There are _ kinds of videos in the library.A. two B. three C. four D. six27. We can keep the books from this library no longer than _.A. one week B. two weeks C. three wee

14、ks D. four weeks【例2】Jack had an unusual experience last night. He is sharing it with his friends. Ken and May.Ken: What were you doing, Jack? What did you see?Jack: It was half past nine last night and I was getting ready for bed. I heard some strange noise outside while I was brushing my teeth. I w

15、ondered what was happening and I went to the window and looked out. To my surprise, I saw a bright yellow green light in the sky.May: Maybe the light you saw was a UFO! Or a ghost! A few years ago, an American man saw a flying saucer(飞碟) while he was driving along a road. He also saw some strange ye

16、llow light. You have heard about it, havent you?Ken: Dont be imaginative, May. Jack didnt see anything, or anybody. It wasnt a ghost. It was probably a plane, or a shooting star. Perhaps Jack just made a horrible dream!Jack: I am very serious. I did see something. The light disappeared and then sudd

17、enly some “tiny people” were standing in the garden. There were four of them. Two of them ate some flowers in the garden. Ken: Oh, come on, Jack. I really doubt what you have said.Jack: I am not joking! One of the people was looking at me through the window.May: Really? What did it look like? Were y

18、ou frightened?Jack: Its whole body was green. It had no ears and nose. Its hands were huge. Its eyes were very big and looked like eggs. It looked at me and I could hardly move.Ken: What happened then? Jack: I was able to move eventually. I ran and got my camera at once.May: And?Jack: I didnt have a

19、 film.May: Oh no!28. Ken suggested that Jack _.A. saw a ghost last night B. possibly had a dream last nightC. met a UFO last night D. was telling them something serious29. The underlined word “eventually” mans _.A. at home B. at last C. in a short time D. after a long time30. The best title of the p

20、assage might “_.” A. A horrible dream B. A Flying saucerC. A Ghosts visit D. Aliens visit【例3】 When I was a baby, I interested you and made you laugh. Whenever I was “bad”, youd shake your finger at me and ask: “How could you?”but then youd give up, and roll me over for a belly scratch(腹部抓痒) and I be

21、lieved that life could not be any more perfect.My housetraining was a long process, because you were terribly busy, but we worked on that together. We went for long walks, runs in the park and car rides. We stopped for ice cream. I took long sleeps in the sun waiting for you to come home at the end

22、of the day.Step by step, you began spending more time at work and on your career, and more time searching for a human friend. Finally, you fell in love. She, now your wife, is not a dog person, but I still welcomed her into our home. I was happy because you were happy. Then the human babies came alo

23、ng and I shared your excitement, I was attracted by their pinkness, how they smelled, and I wanted to mother them too. Your wife was afraid I would bite them. However, as they began to grow, I became their friend.Now, you have a new job in another city and you and they will be moving to a flat that

24、does not allow pets. Youve made the right decision for your family, but there was a time when I was your only family. I was excited about the car ride until we arrived at the dog pound(收容所). It smelled of dogs and cats, of fear, of hopelessness. You filled out the paperwork and said: “I know you wil

25、l find a good home for her.” They shrugged(耸肩) and gave you a pained lookThe children were in tears as they waved me goodbye. And How could you? were the only three words that swept over my mind.Is it better to live with hope or without hope? At first, whenever anyone passed my pen, I rushed to the

26、front, hoping it was you, that you had changed your mind and that this was all a bad dream.My beloved master, I will think of you and wait for you forever. I hope you receive more faithfulness(忠诚) from your family than you showed to me.31. Who tells this story?A. A dog. B. A child. C. A dogs owner.

27、D. A dog trainer32. Which is true about the dog when it lived at the pound? A. It hoped to be kept by another family. B. It did not trust humans any more. C. It was excited about the pound. D. It continued to love its former owner.33. What is the theme of the story? A. Be faithful to those who love

28、you. B. Never expect too much. C. Never complain about your life. D. Be ready for changes.【点睛】阅读理解靠的是扎实的语言基础。俗话说：冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。扎实的语言基础来自平时严格的基本功训练和长期的知识积累。只要平时刻苦用功，打下扎实的英语知识基础，又掌握了较科学的解题方法做“阅读理解”题是不会太难的。我们学习英语不只是和别人交流，更重要的是，要通过阅读报刊书籍，研读名著，了解风土人情，生活习惯，科学技术的发展与进步等等。读文章必须理解，怎样才能验证初学者是否掌握了所阅读的文章呢？一般有回答根据短文

29、内容所提的问题，有给出题干，留一个空，再给几个答案，让答题的人根据短文内容来确定正确的答案；也有在题干上留一个空，由答题人直接填写所缺的单词（有些难度比较大的题，则将要填写的词的首字母给出）。无论是哪一种题型，要想解这一类题，必须建立在理解文章内容的基础上，否则就是一句空话。课时作业能力提升1.English book Animal Farm (1945) tells a story about farm animals. They are fed up with (受够了) Mr Jones, the farmer. He treats them badly, so they decide

30、to kick him off the farm and run the farm themselves.One day an old pig called Old Major gathers the animals around him. He tells them that all animals should stand together. He says they should take over the farm. They say that all animals are equal.After they get rid of (摆脱) Mr Jones, two pigs bec

31、ome the leaders of Animal Farm. One pig called Snowball is a great speaker. He has big ideas for Animal Farm. The other leader is a pig called Napoleon. Napoleon is a crafty (狡猾的) animal. He brings together supporters by offering them advantages.Napoleon makes a war against Snowball and kicks him away from the farm. He turns Snowball into a big enemy. He says that Snowball is working with Farmer Jones and other farmers to do harm