高考英语一轮复习语法专题之名词性从句学案.docx

1、高考英语一轮复习语法专题之名词性从句学案名词性从句【互动导学】【知识梳理】在复合句中起词名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。引导名词性从句的连接词1）连接代词： who, whose, whom, what, which有词义，在从句中必须充当句子成分，如主语、表语、宾语或定语等。 2）连接副词： when, where, why, how有词义，在从句中必须充当成分，只能作状语。 3）连接词： that, whether, if, as if th

2、at 无词义，在从句中不充当成分，做宾语时可省略；if ，whether，as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。 注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问词，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。 4）连接代词：whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 5）语序名词性从句都必须与陈述句语序相同，即“主语谓语”。

3、【导学】一：主语从句：在复合句中其语法作用是主语的句中，叫主语从句。【知识点】1：主语从句位于句首e.g. （1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. （2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.(注意：不能把whether改为if， 因为if不能引导主语从句)（3）Whatever you did is right. （4）Who will be our monitor hasnt been d

4、ecided yet.（5）What caused the accident remains unknown.（6）Which of the two is better remains to be seen.（7）When we will start the work is important.【知识点】2：为了避免句子头重脚轻，用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。e.g. （1）It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not. （2）It is true that he has made a very important disco

5、very in chemistry.（3）It is a pity that we wont be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.（4）Is it likely that it will rain in the evening ? 【知识点】3：it 作形式主语的主语从句有时为了考虑句子平衡，通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it，而将真正的主语从句移至句末。这分四种情况：(1) 对于以连词that引导的主语从句，通常用形式主语it替代主语从句： It is + 名词 + 从句 It is a fact that 事实是；

6、It is good news that 是好消息；It is a question that 是个问题； It is common knowledge that 是常识类似的名词还有：a pity；a wonder；a good thing； no wonder； surprise等。It is a mystery to me how it all happened. It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game. It is +形

7、容词 + 从句It is necessary that 有必要； It is clear that 很清楚；It is likely that 很可能； It is important that 重要的是 类似的形容词还有：strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; unusual; certain; evident; surprising; interesting; astonishing, etc.It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.I

8、t seems obvious that we can not go on like this.It is necessary that you（should）master the computer. 需要注意的是这类主语从句中，谓语动词很多为“（should）动词原形”，即要用虚拟语气。 It is +过去分词 + 从句 It is said that 据说； It is reported that 据报道；It has been proved that 已证明； It must be proved that 必须指出类似的过去分词还有：known; expected; believed;

9、thought; hoped; required; suggested; demanded; etc.例如：It is said that honesty is the best policy.It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number.It is reported that over 300 million people in China are suffering from near-sightedness.It is known to all that the earth is round. 【我爱展示】高考题链接：1. It never

10、occurred to me_you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.(陕西高考)Awhich Bwhat Cthat Dif2. Its obvious to the students_they should get well prepared for their future.(天津卷)Aas Bthat Cwhich Dwhether3. _some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plug by many others.( 北京) AWhether BWhat CTh

11、at DHow4. It is uncertain_side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.(浙江)Athat Bhow Cwhat Dwhether【导学】二：表语从句：在复合句中作表语的完整句子，位于be动词或系动词之后，说明主语是什么或者怎么样。e.g. （1）The question was who could go there. （2）He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago. （3）

12、She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour. （4）His suggestion is that we should stay calm.（5）It seems as if it is going to rain.（6）The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us. (注意：不能把whether改为if， 因为if不能引导表语从句)（7）What she couldnt understand was why fewer and fewer students show

13、ed interest in her lessons.引导表语从句的词有连词that, whether, as if, who, what, which,when, where,how, why等，注意：表语从句中的连词that 不可以省略；连词if一般不用来引导表语从句。【导学】三：同位语从句：在复合句中作某一抽象名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后。（如：promise，message，doubt，belief，reason，possibility，conclusion，thought，order，question，problem，report，rumor，hope，truth，news，fa

14、ct，idea，suggestion，evidence等）e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.Ive come to the conclusion that it wont be wise to do so.有时为了保持句子的平衡，同位语从句有时和前面的名词分开。The rumor spread that a new school would be built here.1）英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词what, who, t

15、hat, whether等，连接副词 how, when, where等。（注：if不能引导同位语从句。）2）连词that引导同位语从句,不能省，且在从句中没有任何意义，不充当任何成分。The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.3）连词whether引导同位语从句 The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. （注：if不能引导同位语从句）4）连接代词what, wh

16、o, whom, whose, which引导同位语从句1) I have no idea what size shoes she wears.2) I have no idea which wine is bestits a matter of personal taste. 3) The question who will take his place is still not clear.5）连接副词when, where, how, why引导同位语从句 We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our

17、 summer vacation.I have no idea when they will come .【我爱展示】1.【2015安徽】25. A ship in harbor is safe, but thats not _ ships are built for.A. what B. whom C. why D. when2.【2015福建】29.1 wonder_ Mary has kept her figure after all these years. By working out every day.A. where B. how C. why D. if3.【2015江苏】2

18、5. _ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some wont accept it.A. That B. Why C. Where D. How4.【2015陕西】19. Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.A. what B. that C. why D. how5.【2015重庆】We must find out Karl is coming,

19、 so we can book a room for him.A.when B. how C. where D. why 6.【2015四川】8.The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.A.where B.why C.what D.which7.【2015北京】33.I truly believe _beauty comes from within.A. that B.where C. what D.why8.【2015北京】35._we understand things has a lot t

20、o do with what we feel.A. Where B.How C.Why D. When【导学】四：宾语从句 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类【知识点】1：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。【知识

21、点】2：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I dont know why the train is late.由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。【知识点】3：I want to know if (whether) he lives

22、 there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”，在句中不充当任何成分，不能省略。Whether/if 有时与or 连用，whether有时与or(not)连用，例如：She asked whether you wanted this one or that one.【知识点】4：宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：I hear (that) physics isnt easy.I think (that) you will like this sc

23、hool soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?Please tell me when well have the meeting.【知识点】5：宾语从句的时态I dont think (that) you are right.Please tell us where he is.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态He asked what time it was.He told me that he was prep

24、aring for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真

25、理，其时态常用一般现在时。【我爱展示】1.He doesnt know _you are Chinese.2.I dont know _you like the plan or not.3.He said _his father was an engineer.4.I know _he is writing a novel.5.He said that his father_(come)to see him.6.He said that his father_(check)the machine.7.He said that the earth_(travel)around the sun.8

26、.The teacher asked_he was late.【知识点】6：宾语从句的几点补充1.引导的宾语从句的what 有时理解为“所的”，例如：Show me what you bought.2.除了“主谓宾”句型可用宾语从句外，用宾语从句充当“主谓宾宾”句型中的直接宾语的情况也很多。例如：My father told me that the light travels much faster than the sound.The club will give whoever wins a prize.3.”主谓宾补“句型及其它一些特殊句型的宾语从句可以用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语-

27、宾语从句放在最后。He hasnt make it clear that when he is coming back.4.宾语从句可作形容词、介词宾语，例如I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.That depends on where we shall go.【我爱展示】1.Im sure _he will come.2.I dont know_he will come or not.3.He has told me _he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.4.Can you tell me_exercise

28、 is the easiest.5.Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see_it is.【导学】五：同位语从句与定语从句1.The fact _we talked about is very important.( 从句） The fact _he failed the exam upset us.( 从句） 2. The question _he will go this Sunday is not clear.( 从句） The question_he raised puzzled his teacher.( 从句） 3.I will keep

29、 the promise_I made two years ago.( 从句） I made a promise _I will write to you the moment I get to Beijing.( 从句）1.定语从句是形容词从句，其句法功能相当于一个形容词，与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况；同位语从句是名词性从句，其作用相当于一个名词，与前面的名词是同位关系，是对前面的名词作进一步解释，即说明它前面名词的内容。2.定语从句的先行词是各类名词，而可跟同位语从句的名词通常只是news, idea, fact, promise, questio

30、n,doubt, thought,hope,message,suggestion,possibility等少数抽象名词。因此，引导两种从句的连接词也不完全一样。可以引导定语从句的连接词有that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why等。可以引导同位语从句的连接词有that,whether,when,where,how等。3.定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分，可作主语、宾语、状语等；而同位语从句中的引导词在从句中起连接作用，不作任何句子成分。4.引导定语从句的连接词有时可以省去，而引导同位语从句的连接词则不可省去。【我爱展示】1.合并句子(1) She expressed the hope. The hope was that she would go on a tour of Guangzhou again.She expressed the hope_.(2) The question is who caught sight of the accident then. We want to know the answer to this quest