英语语法专业术语.docx

1、英语语法专业术语语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology结构structure层次rank句子 sentence从句clause词组phrase词类part of speech单词word实词notional word虚词structrural word名词noun专有名词proper noun普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun不可数名词uncountable noun抽象名词abstract noun具体名词concrete noun物质名词material noun集体名词collective noun个体名词individual no

2、un介词preposition连词conjunctionB动词/BBverb/B主动词main verb及物动词transitive verb不及物动词intransitive verb系动词link verb助动词auxiliary verb情态动词modal verb规则动词regular verb不规则动词irregular verb短语动词phrasal verb限定动词finite verb非限定动词infinite verb使役动词causative verb感官动词verb of senses动态动词event verb静态动词state verb感叹词exclamation形容

3、词adjectiveB副词/BBadverb/B方式副词adverb of manner程度副词adverb of degree时间副词adverb of time地点副词adverb of place修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interogative adverb关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代词personal pronoun物主代词possesive pronoun反身代词reflexive pronoun相互代词reciprocal pronoun指示代词demonstrative pronoun疑问代词interrogat

4、ive pronoun关系代词relative pronoun不定代词indefinite pronoun物主代词possecive pronoun名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun冠词article定冠词definite article不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral序数词ordinal numeral分数词fractional numeral形式form单数形式singular form复数形式plural form限定动词

5、finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form原形base form从句clause从属句subordinate clause并列句coordinate clause名词从句nominal clause定语从句attributive clause状语从句adverbial clause宾语从句object clause主语从句subject clause同位语从句appositive clause时间状语从句adverbial clause of time地点状语从句adverbial clause of place方式状语从句adverbial claus

6、e of manner让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句adverbial clause of result目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied co

7、ndition错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed conditionB句子/BBsentence/B简单句simple sentence并列句compound sentence复合句complex sentence并列复合句compound complex sentence陈述句 declarative sentence疑问句interrogative sentence一般疑问句general question特殊疑问句special question选择疑问句alternative question附加疑问句tag question反义疑问句disjunctive

8、question修辞疑问句rhetorical question感叹疑问句exclamatory question存在句existential sentence肯定句positive sentwence否定句negative sentence祈使句imperative sentence省略句elliptical sentence感叹句exclamatory sentence基本句型basic sentence paternB句子成分/BBmembers of sentences/B主语subject谓语predicate宾语object双宾语dual object直接宾语direct obje

9、ct间接宾语indirect object复合宾语complex object同源宾语cognate objectB补语/BBcomplement/B主补subject complement宾补object complement表语predicative定语attribute同位语appositive状语adverbialB句法关系/BBsyntatic relationship/B并列coordinate从属subordination修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification限制restriction双重限制double-r

10、estriction非限制non-restrictionB数/BBnumber/B单数形式singular form复数形式plural form规则形式regular form不规则形式irregular formB /BB格/BBcase/B普通格common case所有格possessive case主格nominative case宾格objective caseB性/BBgender/B阳性masculine阴性feminine通性common中性neuterB人称/BBperson/B第一人称first person第二人称second person第三人称third perso

11、nB时态/BBtense/B过去将来时past future tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense一般现在时present simple tense一般过去时past simple tense一般将来时future simple tense现在完成时past perfect tense过去完成时present perfect tense将来完成时future perfect tense现在进行时present continuous tense过去进行时past continuous te

12、nse将来进行时future continuous tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tenseB语态/Bvoice主动语态active voice被动语态passive voiceB /BB语气/BBmood/B陈述语气indicative mood祈使语气imperative mood虚拟语气subjunctive moodB否定/BBnegation/B否定范围scope of negation全部否定f

13、ull negation局部否定partial negation转移否定shift of negationB语序/BBorder/B自然语序natural order倒装语序inversion全部倒装full inversion部分倒装partial inversion直接引语direct speech间接引语indirect speech自由直接引语free direct speech自由间接引语free indirect speechB一致/BBagreement/B主谓一致subject-predicate agreement语法一致grammatical agreement概念一致no

14、tional agreement就近原则principle of proximity强调emphasis重复repetition语音pronunciation语调tone升调rising tone降调falling tone降升调falling-rising tone文体style正式文体formal非正式文体informal口语spoken/oral English套语formulistic expression英国英语British English美国英语American English用法usage感情色彩emotional coloring褒义commendatory贬义derogatory幽默humorous讽刺sarcastic挖苦ironic