届高考英语第一轮词汇复习题3.docx

1、届高考英语第一轮词汇复习题3Chapter 3 SB I Units 5 6重点句型1. While still a student, she played roles in many plays. 连词 + 名词做时间状语2. When asked about the secret of his success, Steven Spielberg said 连词+过去分词做时间状语3. When drinking to someones health, you raise your glasses. 连词 + 现在分词做时间状语4. Its a custom in China to have

2、 some tea before the meal is served. It 做形式主语5. Many people like this film not just because., but also because. 并列连词6. Having good table manners means knowing. 动名词做主宾语重点词汇1. comment v. 评论2. marry v. 结婚3. create v. 创造4. attack v. 进攻5. cruelty n. 残酷6. escape v. 逃跑7. advice n. 忠告；建议8. afford v. 花得起(钱、时

3、间)9. encourage v. 鼓励10. research n. 研究11. interrupt v. 打断；打扰12. apologize v. 道歉13. pray v. 请求；祈祷14. forgive v. 原谅；宽恕15. match v. 相配；相适应16. manners n. 礼貌17. impression n. 印象18. live adj. & adv. 活的；直播的(地)19. custom n. 习惯；风俗20. introduce vt. 介绍；引进重点短语1. take off 脱掉；起飞；成功2. go wrong 出错；出问题3. cant help d

4、oing 情不自禁做某事4. take ones place 代替某人5. run after 追逐；追踪6. win a prize 获奖7. think highly of 赞扬；对高度评价8. call for 需要；索取9. in all 总共10. play a role 扮演角色(作用)11. make money 挣钱12. win over 争取过来13. work on 从事，致力于14. owe success to 把成功归功于某人15. start with 以开始16. run away from school逃学17. on the air 正在播出的18. do

5、research 进行调查19. speed up 加速20. follow the fashion 追随时尚短语闯关下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关。你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?l. _ screen 银幕，电影(业)2. take _ 成功；成名；脱掉(衣服)；(飞机)起飞3. _ wrong 走错路；误入歧途；不对头；出毛病4. owe sth _ sb 把归功于某人5. _ all 总共；总之6. stay _ 不在家，外出7. _ school 小学8. lock sb _ 将某人锁于某处不

6、得进出；将某人监禁起来9. run _ 追赶10. bring sb _ 送回某人11. _ the air正在播出的12. think highly _ 对高度评价13. leave _ 省去；遗漏；不考虑14. stare _ 盯着15. make _ about sb 以某人为笑柄16. drink (a toast) _ 为祝酒；为干杯17. win _ 战胜18. _ comments on对加以评论19. look sb _ 看望，拜访某人20. _ a role in 在中扮演角色；在方面起作用21. _ a prize获奖22. to sb for (doing) sth因某事

7、向某人道歉23. make a good impression _ 给留下好印象24. _ silent 保持沉默25. pay a visit _ 拜访交际用语1. What do you think has happened?2. What do you know about?3. How do you like? / What do you think of? / What db you feel.?4. May I interrupt you for a moment?5. Excuse me / Forgive me for. / I apologize for6. Im (very

8、 / so / terribly) sorry. Its all my fault.7. Thats all right. / Thats OK. / No problem.8. I wish you all the best.9. Im sorry. I didnt mean to.10. Lets drink (a toast) to.!单词聚焦1. afford (1) (和can，could，be able to连用) 有 (时间、经济等) 条件(做某事) + to do We cant afford to pay such a price. afford + n. / pron. (

9、出得起；买得起等) They donot consider whether they can afford it or not. (2) 经得起 (做某事或发生某事) (多+to do) He could not afford to lose his fortune entirely.2. apologize的用法 构词：apology n. 辩解，道歉 搭配： apologize to sb for (doing) sth = make an apology的 sb for (doing) sth向某人为某事(为做了某事)道歉 apologize for oneself 为自己辩解或辩护【考

10、例】NMET 1993The captain _ an apology to the passengers for the delay caused by bad weather. A. made B. said C. put D. passed考查目标 apologize及其名词的用法和搭配。答案与解析A make an apology的意思是“道歉”。3. choice的用法搭配： make a choice 选择 make choice of 挑选，选择，选定 make / take ones choice 任意挑选 have no choice but to do sth 非不可，除之

11、外别无他法【考例】MET 1993 Weve missed the last bus, Im afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi. A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection考查目标 choice的意思和习惯搭配。答案与解析B choice是choose的名词形式意思是“选择”，在本句中构成固定搭配have no choice but todo sth“不得不干”。4. determine的用法 构词：determination n. 决心，决断，决意；决定，确定 搭配： determine to do s

12、th 决定做某事 determine on / upon (doing) sth 决定 a man of determination 有决断力的人 辨析：decide；determine这两个词都有“决定”的意思。decide的含义是“不再迟疑不定”，而determine含义是“把某件事确定下来”。在be determined to do这个固定的结构中。过去分词determined的词义为“下定了决心”。decide的名词为decision，determine的名词为determination。例如：At first，she decided to go to the police，起初，她决

13、定去找警察 友情提示: decide后跟宾语从句时，其含义有时是“断定”。I decided that I must have taken a wrong turning somewhere. 我断定我一定是在某处拐错弯了。The determination of the meaning of a word is often difficult without a context. 脱离上下文来确定一个词的含义常常是困难的。注：在determine to do.，determine on (upon). 和determine that.。(宾语从句)三个搭配中，determine的词义和dec

14、ide几乎没有多大差异。He determined / decided to learn medicine. 他决定学医。注：decide sb to do sth 决定使某人做某事What decided you to give up your job? 什么因素使你决定放弃你的工作?【考例】2001京皖春招 Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work. For example, he must _ the parts that are wrong. A. check B. determine C.

15、 correct D. recover考查目标determine的用法。答案与解析B determine和decide在一般情况下意思相同。5. encourage的用法 构词： encouraging adj. 鼓励的，给予希望的，振奋人心的。令人欢欣鼓舞的 encouraged adj. 被激励的，受到鼓舞的 encouragement n. 鼓励，激励 discourage v. 使泄气；劝阻 搭配： encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 be encouraged by 受鼓励鼓舞【考例】 2004北京My advisor encouraged _a summe

16、r course to improve my writing skills. A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take考查目标 encourage的用法。答案与解析D encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人干某事。句意为：我的导师鼓励我参加一个夏季课程来提高我的写作技巧。6. escape (vi, vt ) escaped, escaping (1) 逃走；跑掉 + from / out of = run away from The soldier escaped from the enemys

17、prison. (2)逃脱；逃避 + n. / doing He narrowly escaped death / being killed. Theres no way to escape doing the work. escape还可表示：（液体等）漏出 gas escaping from the pipe 煤气从管中漏出Water escaped rapidly from the drainpipe. 水从排水管中迅速流出。 避免escaped death 免于一死There is no escaping him. 怎么也避不开他。 疏忽，忽略 Nothing escaped his

18、attention. 什么也逃不过他的注意。 You cannot expect that something may escape the teachers attention. 你不要奢望有什么能逃过老师的注意。escape n 逃走The thief made his escape. 小偷逃走了。 （气体）漏出，泄出；解闷She reads love stories as an escape. 她读爱情小说解闷。7. hunt的用法 构词：hunter n. 猎人，搜寻者 搭配： hunt for / after追猎；寻找，搜寻 hunt out 找出；调查出【考例】He wandere

19、d in the street, _ a new jacket for his nephew. A. hunting for B. waiting for C. shooting for D. aiming for考查目标本题考查hunt for的意思。答案与解析A hunt for原来是“猎取”的意思，引中为“搜寻，寻找”。8. impression n. 印象 (1) impression (on sb.) (给某人)印象His speech made a strong impression on his audience. (2) impression (of sth.) (对某事物)印

20、象；想法Thats my first impression of the new college. (3) impress sb. with sth. 给予某人深刻印象 = impress sth. on sb. 使某人铭记 The teacher impressed on his students the importance of speaking. = The teacher impre- ssed his students with the importance of speaking.9. interrupt的用法vt, vi 阻断；中断 Dont interrupt me. 别打断

21、我。Traffic in the city was interrupted by a snowstorm. 市内交通被暴风雪所阻断。 打岔；插嘴 It is rude to interrupt. 打断别人的话，是不礼貌的。 “Dont interrupt,” he said.“别插话, ”他说。构词： interrupter n. 打岔者，打断者 interruption n. 打岔打断，使中断的事物【考例】2005山西模拟 Be quiet! Its rude to _ people when they are talking. A. stop B. introduce C. prevent

22、 D. interrupt考查目标 interrupt的词义。答案与解析D interrupt的意思是“打断；使中断”后接指人或指物的各种名词。10. marry (1) vi. 结婚 He didnt marry until he was fifty. (2) vt. 和结婚 Jean is going to marry Hubert. (3) vt. (父母)嫁(女儿) He married his daughter to a businessman. (4) vt. (教士等) 为主持结婚仪式 Weve come to ask if you will marry them. 比较 (1)

23、 get married (to sb.) 强调动作 His oldest girl got married last month. (2) be married (to sb.) 强调状态 How long have you been married?11. moment的用法 n. 片刻；瞬间 He will be here in a moment. 他一会儿就来。At the moment I am working. 此刻我正在工作。 时机；机遇；时宜 Choose your moment to visit him. 你选个合适的时机去拜访他。 重要性 a matter of great

24、 moment 一件极重要的事情搭配： at any moment 随时；在任何时候；马上 at the last moment 在最后关头 at the moment 此刻；(正当)那时 every moment 时时刻刻 for a moment 片刻 in a moment 一会儿，不久；立即，马上 the moment(that). 一就【考例】NMET 2004 II Can I? I dont think I can, Racy said with a laugh. But I do have _ when things come to me for no reason. A. e

25、vents B. chances C. feelings D. moments考查目标 moment的词义。答案与解析 D moment可以指“时刻”，在本句中用了复数，意思是“一些次”。12. owe的用法owed, owing 搭配：（常与for连用）欠，欠债I owe you for your help.我感谢你的帮助。(也可以是owe sth.或owe sb. sth) The food cost 4 , but I only paid 3 so I still owe 1. 食品要4英镑，可我只付了3英镑，因此我还欠1英镑。I owe you an apology. 我该向你道歉。

26、owe sb sth for sth 或 owe sth to sb for sth 为欠某人 对负有义务；感恩；感激We owe our parents a lot. 我们十分感激父母。（常与to连用）归功于；由于She owes her success to good luck. 她把成功归功于幸运。The young writer owed his success to his teachers encouragement. 年轻作家把自己的成功归于他老师的鼓励。【考例】2004湖北 How much do I _ you? Oh, no, Paul said. A. Owe B. le

27、nd C. give D. offer考查目标考查owe的词义和用法。答案与解析A owe表示“欠”的时候是及物动词，可以接双宾语。13. reason n. 原因；理由 (1) + to do sth. You havent any reason to leave me.(2) + for sth. / doing People must have a reason for saying such things.(3) + 从句；从句用why / for which引导 That is the reason why you should leave.(4) for + reason，为了某种

28、原因He is retiring for reasons of health.比较 cause“原因；起因” the cause of the fire 火灾的起因(引起某种后果的起因) the reason for being late 迟到的理由(做某件事的理由)14. role (1) (戏剧中的) 角色Oliver played (acted) the role / part of Hamlet. (2) (现实生活中的) 身份；作用 What is your role on the Committee?(3) play a.role in. = play a.part in在中扮演角

29、色或作用The headmaster plays an important role / part in the good running of a school.15. serve v. (1) 为服务工作 A slave serves his master. (2) 接待(顾客) The shop assistant is serving a customer. (3) 侍候吃饭，端(菜)；供应(饭菜) Lunch is served now. (4) serve as 充任(某职务)作用 She served as a model for several painters. / This

30、 box will serve as / for a seat.16. speed的用法搭配： at a high speed 以很大的速度 at full / top speed 用全速，开足马力，尽力(快)地； with great / an speed 用全速，开足马力 speed up 加速，快点【考例】We had tried our best but the boss still shouted, _! A. Speed up B. No hurry C. Wait a minute D. Slow down考查目标本题考查speed及其构成的短语的意思。答案与解析A speed up意思是“加速，快点”的意思。17. stare的用法 vi, vt - stared, staring 凝视，注视He stared at the word trying to remember what it meant.