解决新托福阅读题型的方法.docx

1、解决新托福阅读题型的方法如何解决新TOEFL中的插入句子题在新TOEFL中出现了一种题型是以往老TOEFL中没有考过的一种题型就是插入句子题 给出一句话让我们来判断这句话应加入一个段落四个方块的哪个部分,用鼠标双击所选的黑色方块即可.这种题目本身不难做,因为需要加入的句子有明确的提示,如This is a question that has puzzled scientists for ages.要求将这句话插入一段话中.我们只需要找到关健词question就可以直接去找哪句话可能是作者提出的问题,将这句话加在那句话之后即可.Extinct but already fully marine c

2、etaceans are known from the fossil record. how was a gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate or transitional between land mammals and cetaceans. very exciting discoveries have finally allowed scientists to reconstruct the mo

3、st likely origins of cetaceans. In 1979, a team looking for fossils in northern Pakistan found what to be the oldest fossil whale. 你会发现只有how was a gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged?这句话是一个问题,所以应放在这句的后面.正确答案就是: Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossi

4、l record. how was a gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? This is a question that has puzzled scientists for ages. Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate or transitional between land mammals and cetaceans. very exciting discoveries have finally allowed scientis

5、ts to reconstruct the most likely origins of cetaceans. In 1979, a team looking for fossils in northern Pakistan found what to be the oldest fossil whale.针对这种题型我们到底要如何解决：1、 分析要插入的句子的主干，重点看的是这句话的开头和结尾，因为这句子是承前启后，在这个前提下我们要抓住这句话的核心和主干。2、 读四个方块的开头和结尾寻找相关信息，采取关健词同义复现原则3、 双击被选中的方块接下来我来给大家讲解一下如何操作 one meth

6、od of popping corn involved skewering an ear of corn on a stick and roasting it until the kernel popped off the ear.(一种爆玉米花的方法是将一穗玉米串在棍子上烘烤真到玉米粒爆开从穗上落下)。Corn was also popped by the first cutting the kernel off the cob, throwing them into a fire, and gathering them as they popped out of the fire.(玉米也

7、可以通过收玉米时就从玉米棒子上切下来，扔到炉火中，当他们爆开后从炉火中飞出收集在一起)。 In a final method for popping corn , sand and unpopped kernels of corn were mixed together in a cooking pot and heated until the corn popped to the surface of the sand in the pot(最后一种方法爆玉米花就是把沙子和未爆玉米粒 混在一起放在蒸煮罐加热直到玉米都爆开到沙子的表面. Look at the four squares tha

8、t indicate where the following sentence can be added to the first paragraph of the passage. Native American have been popping corn for at least 5000 years, using a variety of different methods. Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage. 要插入的句子首先要看一下基本的结构，主谓宾带了一个现在分词，现在分词在句尾两种功能 1）伴随动作状态，2

9、）伴随功能结果。而本句话前半部分说了北美印地安人爆玉米花已有5000的历史，分词应该是表示的状态，表达是爆玉米花时使用不同的方法。本句话的关键词是different methods.而从上文我们可以看得出三话讲了三个方法。所以要插入的句子是一个总论。所以应加在第一方块前。从这个例子，我们可以看出一句话的结尾所表述的含义是多么的重要，刚才我讲解的这个题目只利用句子的结尾关键词复现法，下面给大家举一个开头关键词复现的例子例2 This traditional Native American dish was quite a novelty to newcomers to the Americas.

10、 (这种土著美州食物对于新到美洲的人来说是全新的。) Columbus and his sailors found natives in the West Indies wearing popcorn necklaces, and explorer Hernando Cortes described the use of popcorn amulets in the religious ceremonies of the Aztecs.（ 哥伦布和他的船员在西印度群岛发现当地原住民带着苞米花做的项链，而探险家Hernando Cortes 描述了阿芝台克人在宗教仪式上采用苞米花护身符。） Ac

11、cording to legendary descriptions of the celebratory meal, Quadequina, the brother of chief Massasoit, contributed several deerskin bags of popcorn to the celebration.(根据传说的对于描述庆典宴会，Quadequina, 是Massasoit酋长的弟弟给庆典带了好几鹿皮口袋的苞米花) Look at eh four squares that indicate where the following sentence can be

12、added to the second paragraph of the passage A century after these early explorers, the pilgrims at Plymouth may have been introduced to popcorn at the first Thanksgiving dinner.Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.本句子只要看到了 a century after these early explorers, these根据代词指代原则 上文一定提过而

13、且不止一个人，所以本句话应该在整段话倒数一句的前面如何解决新TOEFL阅读中的细节题一、问法多采取下列模式1. According to the passage，？” 2. It is stated in paragraph X3. It is indicated in paragraph X4. It is mentioned in paragraph X二、文章如何处理-请记住下列口诀通读原文不可取,带着问题看原文四种句子仔细读比较句,强调句段首段尾转折句重准确,轻速度平时做题不猜题下次连载我将把这种阅读方法进行系统讲解,本次重点讲细节题三、不用通读全文，只要看到细节部分，不要看全文推理

14、常可回原文定位找到-找相近，找相似回原文定位关健词定位法：a、题目本身带有大写或斜体b、题目本身带有年代或与年代有关c、回原文定位要使用纯名词d、出题顺序多半和行文顺序相同e. 选项本身提示的共同信息,四个选项拥有相同的部分,就本题在问的部分四、举例说明例如：Crescent-shaped lake Baikal,in Siberia,is only the ninth largest lake in area at 385 miles(620km)in length and 46miles (74km) in width, yet it is easily the largest body

15、of fresh water in the world.(新月般的贝加尔湖位于西伯利亚,是第九大的湖,长385英里,宽46英里,然而它是世界上最大的淡水湖).It holds one fifth of the worlds total freshwater, which is more than the total of all the water in five Great lakes;(它拥有世界上五分之一的淡水,比五大湖全部的水还多很多); it holds so much fresh water in spite of its less-than-impressive area bec

16、ause it is by far the worlds deepest lake.(尽管面积不大但淡水很多因为它是世界上迄今为止最深的湖)The average depth of the lake is 1312 feet (400meters)below sea leave and The Olkhon Crevice, the lowest known point ,is more than 5250 feet (1600 meters)deep. (贝加尔湖平均深度是低于海平面1312英尺(400 meters),并且最低点 Olkhon大裂谷 5250英尺(1600米)深.Lake

17、Baikal, which today is located near the center of Asian Peninsula, is most likely the worlds oldest lake. (贝加尔湖位于亚洲次大陆中心,可能是世界上最古老的湖).It began forming 25 million years ago as Asia started splitting apart in a series of great faults. (它形成于25亿年前,亚洲板块从一系列断层分离出来(即原始大陆板块中各各板块分离时期)The Baikal Valley droppe

18、d away, eventually filling with water and creating the deepest of the worlds lakes.( 贝加尔湖谷下陷裂开,最终填满了水创造了世界上最深的湖)1. what is stated in paragraph 1 about the shape of lake Baikal?A It is wider than it is longB It is circular in shapeC Iits width is one-half of its lengthD It is shaped like a new moon从题

19、目本身的问法看是一道细节题细节题的解题步骤1)寻找关键词,关键词定位法,本题的关键词是shape2)文章出题顺序和行文顺序是一致的本题是第一题按着顺序找第一次出现的地方.所以本题正确答案应该是D2 It is indicated in paragraph 1 that the area of Lake BaikalA is less than the area of eight other lakesB is one ninth the area of SiberiaC is greater than the area of any other freshwater lakeD is equa

20、l to the area of the five Great lakes本题的关键词是 area 面积回原文定位: only the ninth largest lake in area at 385 miles(620km)in length and 46miles (74km) in width(第九大的湖,长385英里,宽46英里)所以本题答案为A3According to paragraph 1, lake Baikal _A.holds one fifth of the worlds waterB.holds five times the water of the Great la

21、kes C.holds one-ninth of the worlds waterD.holds 20 percent of the worlds fresh water 本题很特别,你会发现题目本身没有任何可以做为关键词的因为全文都在讲这个湖,但没关系看四个选项他们的共同传达信息就是本题要问的信息.你会发现四个选项拥有相同的holds water.所以本题问的是贝加尔湖谷拥有水量,所以本题定位为It holds one fifth of the worlds total freshwater, which is more than the total of all the water in

22、five Great lakes;( 它拥有世界上五分之一的淡水,比五大湖全部的水还多很多)所以正确答案是D。丽丽英语每期都会做连载，敬请关注。4 According to paragraph 1, the olkhon crevice is _A outside of Lake BaikalB 400 meters below sea levelC the deepest part of Lake BaikalD 5000 meters deep本题定位关键词为olkhon crevice所以定位于原文:The Olkhon Crevice, the lowest known point ,

23、is more than 5250 feet (1600 meters)deep 最低点 Olkhon大裂谷 5250英尺(1600米)深. 正确答案为 C.5It is mentioned in paragraph 2 that Lake Baikal_A is not as old as some other lakes B formed when sections of the Earth were moving away from each other.C was fully formed 25 million years agoD is today located on the ed

24、ge of the Asia peninsula本题是本文的最后一个题目而且写明了是paragraph 2,所以正确答案为B定位于原文.It began forming 25 million years ago as Asia started splitting apart in a series of great faults如何解决新TOEFL阅读中的总结题总结题主要目的： 考查学生理解和识别主要内容和文中所提及重要的信息。这类考题的特点： 有六个选项，你可以从中选出三个最能表达主要思想的句子。这类考题分值是2分，选出三个得2分，选出2 个得1分，顺序选择不影响得分。Direction:A

25、n introductory sentence or a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the three answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage o

26、r are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points解决这类考题的方法：一、清楚文章的论证类型 总分型一般容易出这类考题。我以中文为例，丽丽老师是一个非常好的人。首先，她很乐于助人例如一次我看见她扶一个盲人过马路，其次丽丽老师很慷慨，有一次我看见她为希望工程捐了她当时兜里的全部钱（50元），第三丽丽很谦虚和平易近人。这样的文章特别容易出总结题Lily is a nice person 1 3 51、 丽丽乐于助人2、 丽丽扶一个盲人过马路3、 丽丽老师很慷慨，4、 老余捐了100元5、 丽丽很谦虚和平易近人6、 丽丽

27、经常打架正确答案应该是 1、3、5二、解决方法：一）主体词排除错误选项法首先抓住要总结的关键词也就是主体词，就是要问哪方向的内容，如上个例子，主体题丽丽一定会在正确答案中出现，不然问的是丽丽可以答案谈论的是别人，就变得完全不相关了，根据这个特点我们可以排除 4老余捐了100元如OG上的一道总结题可以直接使用主体词排除错误选项的方法 The technology of modern cinema evolved at the end of the nineteenth century. 3 5 61、 Kinetoscope parlors or viewing films were model

28、ed on phonograph parlors2、 Thomas Edisons design of the Kinetoscope inspired the development of large screen projection.3、 Early cinema allowed individuals to use special machines to view films privately.4、 Slides-and-lantern shows had been presented.5、 The development of projection technology made

29、it possible to project images on a large screen6、 once films images could be projected, the cinema became a form of mass consumption其中只有三个选项有本问题的关键词，本问题的关键词是 the technology of cinema. 二）细节信息排除法总结题是对对文章的高度概括所以细节的出现犯了以偏概全的错误，如中文例子中的2、丽丽扶一个盲人过马路。 这是一个具体的事实细节，我们要绕过例子看总结。所以在排除它。如OG中的一道题目This passage disc

30、usses fossils that help to explain the likely origins of cetaceans-whales, porpoises and dolphins 1 2 5Answer choices 1 Recent discoveries of fossils have helped to show he link between land mammals and cetaceans(这是本文的主题)2、The discovery of Ambulocetus natans provided evidence for a whale that lived

31、both on land and at sea.(总结性信息)3、The skeleton of Basilosaurus are found in what had been the Tehys Sea, an area rich in fossil evidence. (绝对的事实细节)-排除4 Pakicetus is the oldest fossil whale yet to be found(绝对的事实细节)-排除5、Fossils thought to be transitional forms between walking mammals and swimming whales were found.(主题)6、Ambulocetushind legs were used for propulsion in the water. (绝对的事实细节)-排除三）新信息出现排除如6、丽丽经常打架，原文没有出现，所以正确答案中一定没有。 由于篇幅所限，我们下期在继续谈总结题如何做，以及总结题的几大类型和不同