英语中的句子的类型.docx

1、英语中的句子的类型英语中的句子的类型 状语从句： 状语从句 Adverbial Clause，从句用作状语称为状语从句。根据用途，状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、让步、结果、目的、比较等状语从句。 1、 时间状语从句 时间状语从句表示时间，常用的关联词有when, until, as, after, before, once, since, as soon as, whenever,no soonerthan, hardly/scarcely/barelywhen, the moment, every time等等。 1) When you croa main road, you

2、must be careful. 2) He went out to play football after he had finished his homework. 3) Wait until you are called. 4) I cant recognize you. You are so changed since last we met. 5) He is so terrible once he is drunk. (2) 地点状语从句地点状语从句表示地点，常用的关联词有where, wherever等。 1) Put it where you found it. 2) Sit

3、down wherever you like. (3). 原因状语从句原因状语从句表示原因或理由，常用的关联词有because, as, since,for, now that, considering that(由于考虑到)等。 1) I eat ice-cream so much because I like sweet food. 2) As I didnt know the way, I asked a policeman. 3) Since you wont help me, Ill ask someone else. (4) 条件状语从句条件状语从句表示真实的或现实的条件，引导从句

4、所用的关联词有if, unless, suppose, in case(that), in the event (that), as (so) long as，provided/providing that, on condition that等等。 1.If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman. 2.Youll be late, unleyou hurry. 3.Suppose we are late, what will he say? (suppose从句必须放在主句之前) 我们如果迟到了，他会说什么? 4.In the event th

5、at our team wins, there will be a party. 5.In case it rains, do not expect me. 如果下雨，就不要等我了。 6.He will do anything as(so) long as it is interesting. 只要好玩，他什么都愿意做。 (5). 方式状语从句方式状语从句表示动作的方式，回答How的问题，常用关联词as, as if, as though, the way(that), in the way(that)等引导，一般置于主语之后。 Do as I say. I did just as you t

6、old me.照我说的去做。我就是照你说的去做的。 He acts as if/as though he were the owner.他行为举止好象是这儿的主人似的。 They did it in a way that I had never seen before.他们以我从没见过的方式行事。 I was never allowed to sing the way I wanted to.我从未被允许用自己想用的方式唱歌。 (6) 让步状语从句让步状语从句表示“虽然、尽管、即使”等概念，使句子具有对比的因素。常用的关联词有although, though, even if, even th

7、ough,whether, as, however, while, no matter+特殊疑问词，特殊疑问词+ever 1) Although you feel very ill right now, this is still a common disease. 2) We intend to go U.S., even if air fares are expensive. 3) I wouldnt go to see the new movie no matter who recommends it. (7) 结果状语从句 结果状语从句表示结果， 常由连词sothat, such(a/

8、an)that, so that, such that等引导，置于主语之后。 1)She was so frightened about the dog that she cried. 2)The news worried him so much that he didnt sleep at all for the whole night. 3)They are such wonderful players that no one can beat them. 4)We arrived early, so that we got good seats. (8)目的状语从句 目的状语从句表示目的

9、，回答what for或 for what purpose的问题，常用关联词so that, in order that，lest等引导，一般置于主语之后。目的状语从句中的谓语动词常由“情态动词+动词原形”构成 1) We arrived early so that we could get good seats. 2) Ships carry lifeboats so that people can escape if the ship sinks. 3)They wrote the notice in several languages so that foreigners could u

10、nderstand it. (9)比较状语从句 常用的关联词有as, than, asas, not soas, the morethe more 1)Air is to men as water is to fish. 2) The more civilized a man becomes, the lehe is limited by the disadvantage of his environment. (三)定语从句 定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或

11、关系副词)引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有：when, where, why等 (1)关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。 1)先行词指人，关系代词用who, whom, that，这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就

12、是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2)先行词指物， 关系代词用which, that，它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等， The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语) 3) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换)， They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了

13、，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pame the book whose cover is green. =Please pame the bok the cover of which is green. =Please pame the book of which the cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 4) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 b)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用th

14、at，不用 which。 c)先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。 d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。 e)先行词既有人，又有物时,只用that。 (2)关系副词引导的定语从句先行词是指时间、地点或理由的名词，引导词可用关系副词并在从句中作状语。 1)when, where, why 是关系副词，它们的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用. There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the pl

15、ace where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗? 2)怎样判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面跟宾语，就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词后不跟宾语，则要求用关系副词。 This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held?