测量实习文档.docx

1、测量实习文档数字化测图实习报告学院： 专业： 班级：学号：姓名： 实验一 数字测图野外数据采集仪器： 南方NTS342全站仪 皮尺 斧子等实验人员：王阳 何娜 张羽鑫 杨林 付强 戚翔宇内容：1.测区概况：坐落，面积，已知控制点数据 大三学生GPS 城市控制测量E级控制网我小组测区范围为北区,坐落于 街 号 大学偏北地区，我小组具体范围为研楼后面明志街起始到北一北三公寓为止所包括的地区，测区建筑包括 ，以及 食堂，一个篮球场等建筑物。现有建筑物19幢，其中宿舍7幢，生活服务类建筑6幢，其他建筑7幢，测区面积为125899.01平方米。在测区内共有五个控制点，坐标分别为01号（42555784.

2、422,5068097.970）02号（42555794.658,5068203.160）03号（42555999.565,5068198.439） 04号（42556030.285,5068088.314） 30号（42555869.769,5068092,588）2.南方全站仪NTS342操作：项目，数据，设置，建站，采集操作3.测区控制点及其加密 我小组测区内共有五个已知控制点，在测量过程中，加密了两个支导线对北六和北三食堂进行了测量。 在测区中由于树木及其它建筑物等遮挡，导致我测区范围内的北六公寓，北三食堂，以及部分道路及路灯等独立地物无法观测，我们在已有控制点的基础上分别在北三食堂和

3、北六公寓门口进行了加密。4.测区野外数据采集：测站建站与检查核实，碎部测量，绘制草图全站仪的基本操作与使用方法1. 测量前的准备工作仪器的安置。 在测量范围内选择一控制点点，作为测站，另外两点作为观测点。将全站仪安置于点，对中、整平。设置棱镜常数测距前须将棱镜常数输入仪器中，仪器会自动对所测距离进行改正。2.测量过程在仪器中新建项目项目名称10014，之后进行建站，在全站仪所在的控制点建站，选择已知点建站测站命名后视点命名输入已知点和后视点的坐标照准后视对后视点进行观测，检核。检核成功后：量仪器高、棱镜高并输入全站仪。建立碎步点数据碎步点测量，记录数据。照准目标棱镜，按坐标测量键，全站仪开始测

4、距并计算显示测点的坐标。在测量的过程中，同时进行草图的绘制，将仪器上的点与草图上的统一绘制在草纸上。以便后来的的工作。注意事项：应注意的两点：1.应使用仪器的竖丝进行定向； 2.棱镜中心与仪器中心是否重合一致，是保证检测精度的重要环节。 实验二 数字测图数据处理软件CASS图形绘制仪器：计算机 CASS软件内容：1. 数字测图数据处理软件CASS简介：作用，各菜单，制图作业环境（CASS CAD）参数设置软件简介：地形地籍数字化成图软件CASS是基于AutoCAD平台开发的GIS前端数据采集系统。主要应用于地形成图、地籍成图、工程测量应用三大领域。它全面面向GIS，彻底打通了数字化成图系统与G

5、IS的接口，自CASS软件推出以来，已经成为用户量最大、升级最快、服务最好的主流成图软件。软件常用的数据格式：测点数据.dat 地籍图文件.dwg CASS数据交换文件.cas软件安装：AutoCAD2006的安装 先安装2006版本，并运行一次之后才能安装CASS7.0。第一次运行，需要激活。复制申请号到注册机产生授权，由授权号来激活。CASS使用1、打开CASS软件：在桌面上双击CASS图标，得到如下界面。Cass软件工具栏中有包括“文件”，“工具”，“编辑”，“显示”，“数据”，绘图处理”，“地籍”“土地利用”“等高线”“地物编辑”“工程应用”等板块。主要使用的文件下拉菜单中，包括新建文

6、件，打开已有图形，图形的保存和改名存盘以及autocad及cass的参数设置等常用功能；选择文件下拉菜单，进行制图作业环境（CASS CAD）参数设置Cass参数设置将相应的设置改正，包括地物绘制和图框设置。高程注记位数2位，是否连续绘制是，围墙是否封口否，电杆之间是否连线否，自然斜坡线长短短，填充符号间距50mm，高程点字高2，陡坎默认高1m图框设置包括测图单位，成图日期，坐标系国家80坐标系，高程系1985国家高程基准，测量员绘图员等项目。 AUTOCAD参数设置：里面包含文件，显示，打开和保存，打印，系统，用户系统配置，草图，选项，配置选项，其中较常用的是用户系统配置和显示。注意，在显示

7、颜色中将光标颜色改为白色，在用户系统配置中，选择“执行对象捕捉”数据栏中包括全站仪数据的读取，发送，转换，坐标换号，批量修改，数据分幅和数据合并等较重要的功能键。 编辑按钮下包括删除，断开，延伸，修剪，镜像，垂直，移动，偏移等与CAD中相一致的辅助工具。等高线按钮下有一系列按钮，勇于DTM网的建立以及三角网的绘制，还有等高线的绘制以及一系列关于等高线的运算功能按钮。工程应用则可用于查询尸体面积和土方量的计算。2. CASS地物绘制：STUDY数据-定显示区 比例尺 展点 绘制：房屋 道路 电力线 陡坎等数据传出及利用CASS进行绘图1）CASS中的读取全站仪的数据后存放的格式为.dat，可以用

8、记事本打开、查看；2）导入数据后，可以依据现场草图，绘制地形图：先完成控制点的展点；再连线公路；再连线构建筑物；数据的导入通过数据线连接全站仪与电脑导入数据导入的数据以记事本形式保存，将其中不用的或是错误的数据删除，以免产生干扰。进行绘图前的设置，对象捕捉的打开点击绘图处理定显示区，然后展野外测点点号，确定比例尺。将散点展绘到平面上，然后根据草图兑点进行依次连接。导入数据的设置 对象捕捉展野外点图形绘制 野外点的导入三角点的选择 房屋的绘制其他地物的绘制 绘制后的图形CASS地形（等高线）绘制： DTM构网 等高线会制与编辑在等高线中先后选择DTM网的建立，绘制三角网，最后确定等高线点击“等高

9、线”的下拉菜单，点击“建立DTM”，建立DTM的方式有两种，由数据文件生成和由图面点高程生成，选择“由数据文件生成”生成三角网。点击等高线”的下拉菜单，选择“绘制等高线”。图幅分幅处理：分幅 输出图框的生成:绘图处理标准图幅/任意图幅，选择图幅尺寸50*50，由左下到右上划出测区范围。界面就会显示出格网。再点击“绘图处理”“批量分幅”“批量输出到文件”，确定储存目录。清绘与整饰： 在大比例尺数字测图的过程中，由于实际地形、地物的复杂性，漏测、错测难免，必须对所测地图进行屏幕显示和人机交互图形编辑，在保证精度情况下消除相互矛盾的地形、地物，对于漏测或错测的部分及时进行外业补测或重测。另外，对于文

10、字注记说明也很重要。 w1,5068092.588,42555869.769,0.000,10014300001,5068101.607,42555894.420,1.211,0002,5068097.670,42555893.033,0.084,0003,5068095.507,42555888.176,0.086,0004,5068104.538,42555881.730,3.487,0005,5068104.125,42555827.317,1.656,0006,5068100.614,42555827.371,0.443,0007,5068095.375,42555814.575,0.

11、371,0008,5068097.038,42555810.527,0.400,0009,5068095.587,42555907.201,0.084,0010,5068116.027,42555910.977,0.600,0011,5068104.761,42555911.077,1.376,0012,5068101.649,42555965.602,1.391,0013,5068101.650,42555971.757,1.417,0014,5068101.160,42555900.544,0.086,0015,5068101.162,42555900.544,0.087,0016,506

12、8097.909,42555901.854,0.070,f1,5068088.314,42556030.285,0.000,1001404f2,5068198.439,42555999.565,0.000,10014030017,5068095.972,42556004.207,0.192,0018,5068097.822,42556008.559,0.244,0019,5068103.529,42556011.025,0.173,0020,5068103.361,42556018.302,0.126,0021,5068098.351,42556020.719,0.191,0022,50680

13、96.133,42556025.759,0.218,0023,5068103.626,42556018.969,0.101,0024,5068096.862,42556049.425,0.141,0025,5068096.203,42556084.060,-0.039,0026,5068098.962,42556090.452,0.878,0027,5068099.139,42556090.689,0.875,0028,5068105.207,42556093.303,1.896,0029,5068135.743,42556058.254,0.316,0032,5068132.594,4255

14、6048.989,0.327,0033,5068129.361,42556021.786,0.298,q1,5068097.970,42555784.422,0.000,10014010034,5068101.277,42555795.004,0.183,0035,5068096.130,42555799.474,0.197,0036,5068100.548,42555803.978,1.312,0037,5068097.923,42555772.087,0.058,38,5068098.987,42555774.396,0.092,0039,5068103.852,42555775.207,

15、0.028,0040,5068113.847,42555775.208,1.269,0041,5068113.880,42555777.534,1.245,0042,5068119.165,42555777.501,1.826,43,5068131.542,42555775.160,1.844,44,5068131.546,42555775.158,1.844,0045,5068131.550,42555777.349,1.833,0046,5068135.492,42555781.179,2.165,0047,5068136.790,42555777.355,2.055,0048,50681

16、15.211,42555781.383,2.417,0049,5068175.628,42555802.040,1.469,0050,5068150.874,42555816.554,0.261,0051,5068145.312,42555816.578,1.480,0052,5068145.310,42555819.829,1.601,0053,5068156.542,42555799.332,1.728,0054,5068125.358,42555799.416,1.800,0055,5068099.250,42555799.433,1.884,0056,5068153.258,42555

17、803.666,1.383,0057,5068157.948,42555801.721,1.526,0058,5068158.293,42555796.342,1.068,0059,5068154.636,42555794.996,1.125,h1,5068203.160,42555794.658,0.000,10014020060,5068191.324,42555801.940,0.274,0061,5068197.754,42555801.714,0.139,62,5068196.953,42555797.720,0.140,0063,5068191.587,42555794.726,0

18、.185,0064,5068174.976,42555795.438,1.456,0065,5068196.629,42555800.102,0.185,66,5068197.420,42555781.574,0.247,0067,5068197.421,42555781.576,0.247,0066,5068195.655,42555786.922,0.257,0068,5068192.209,42555788.548,0.259,0069,5068186.312,42555765.581,1.649,0070,5068185.971,42555702.121,1.664,0071,5068

19、156.544,42555765.771,1.685,0072,5068162.405,42555788.786,0.357,0073,5068157.277,42555786.900,0.340,0074,5068155.900,42555782.963,0.386,0075,5068208.987,42555765.431,0.300,0076,5068209.134,42555780.610,0.333,0077,5068203.755,42555782.677,0.173,0078,5068204.928,42555787.603,0.187,0079,5068207.897,4255

20、5788.525,0.178,0080,5068271.504,42555788.224,0.165,0081,5068209.376,42555794.583,0.124,0082,5068205.799,42555796.117,0.142,0083,5068203.812,42555800.403,0.090,0084,5068206.093,42555802.224,1.553,0085,5068212.614,42555802.102,2.112,0086,5068208.198,42555795.332,0.180,0087,5068209.020,42555758.417,0.1

21、58,0088,5068205.548,42555759.959,0.148,0089,5068203.555,42555763.974,0.199,wy1,5068194.035,42555763.472,0.000,10014zl40090,5068311.531,42555762.288,1.487,0091,5068225.790,42555757.726,-0.091,0092,5068227.826,42555754.143,-0.114,0093,5068222.089,42555749.835,0.025,0094,5068207.646,42555742.018,0.005,

22、0095,5068215.160,42555728.044,0.102,0096,5068212.469,42555722.737,0.605,0097,5068213.052,42555718.177,0.607,0098,5068206.661,42555702.270,0.066,0099,5068268.487,42555728.275,1.124,0100,5068197.287,42555757.680,0.009,0101,5068196.631,42555775.531,1.193,z1,5068195.360,42555903.153,0.000,10014zl20102,5

23、068206.491,42555849.982,1.518,0103,5068214.703,42555857.427,3.188,0104,5068214.951,42555913.003,1.270,0105,5068217.235,42555953.333,0.031,0106,5068274.924,42555946.668,1.960,0107,5068191.782,42555881.171,1.228,0108,5068176.175,42555881.247,1.309,0109,5068151.299,42555881.392,1.605,0110,5068182.488,4

24、2555892.552,0.121,0111,5068187.029,42555910.452,1.406,0112,5068175.801,42555910.499,1.480,0113,5068151.502,42555910.787,1.732,0114,5068140.447,42555910.619,0.543,0115,5068198.224,42555882.659,0.151,0116,5068195.043,42555890.696,0.073,0117,5068188.400,42555893.807,0.094,0118,5068172.588,42555893.899,

25、0.148,0119,5068170.002,42555892.983,0.179,0120,5068168.694,42555890.526,0.179,0121,5068187.694,42555905.691,0.214,0122,5068186.253,42555901.993,0.143,0123,5068182.052,42555900.005,0.149,0124,5068162.494,42555890.354,0.211,0125,5068161.451,42555892.542,0.214,0126,5068158.745,42555893.972,0.214,0127,5

26、068204.189,42555849.890,-0.088,0128,5068187.509,42555971.419,1.329,0129,5068235.506,42555937.444,1.042,0130,5068201.036,42555941.109,1.403,0131,5068200.462,42555905.548,1.230,0132,5068198.961,42555903.594,1.254,0133,5068196.832,42555905.884,1.276,0134,5068197.327,42555970.028,1.108,0135,5068206.201,

27、42555993.491,0.129,0136,5068221.840,42555991.143,1.029,0138,5068237.502,42555989.381,1.225,0137,5068266.025,42555986.072,1.177,0139,5068281.549,42555984.223,2.725,0140,5068283.710,42556002.658,1.089,0141,5068268.143,42556004.431,1.105,0142,5068239.621,42556007.800,1.212,0143,5068224.063,42556009.589

28、,1.214,0144,5068209.927,42556011.803,1.219,0145,5068214.176,42556048.788,1.379,0146,5068206.824,42556049.668,1.387,0147,5068191.339,42556051.768,1.473,0148,5068202.697,42556012.157,1.004,0149,5068200.377,42556008.280,1.057,0150,5068196.647,42556007.120,1.094,0151,5068188.964,42556013.787,1.417,0152,

29、5068173.409,42556015.557,1.447,0153,5068144.853,42556018.935,1.458,0154,5068194.675,42556000.095,1.322,0155,5068199.513,42555993.407,1.312,0156,5068199.459,42555993.432,1.312,0157,5068200.120,42555997.186,1.099,0158,5068191.290,42555971.338,0.198,实验三 测区测图数据处理 仪器：计算机 CASS软件内容：详细阐述1. 全站仪数据传输与转换读取全站仪数据

30、，将全站仪内存中的数据导入CASS8.0中，并形成CASS专用的数据传出及利用CASS进行绘图1）CASS中的读取全站仪的数据后存放的格式为.dat，可以用记事本打开、查看；2）导入数据后，可以依据现场草图，绘制地形图：先完成控制点的展点；再连线公路；再连线构建筑物；数据的导入通过数据线连接全站仪与电脑导入数据；点击“数据”“读取全站仪数据”，点击“仪器”下拉菜单选出相应的仪器型号，选中“联机”，在下方空栏输入想要保存的文件名，点击“转换”。导入的数据以记事本形式保存，将其中不用的或是错误的数据删除，以免产生干扰。进行绘图前的设置，对象捕捉的打开点击绘图处理定显示区，然后展野外测点点号，确定比例尺。将散点展绘到平面上，然后根据草图兑点进行依次连接。导入数据的设置 对象捕捉展野外点图形绘制 野外点的导入三角点的选择 房屋的绘制其他地物的绘制 绘制后的图形CASS地形（等高线）绘制： DTM构网 等高线会制与编辑在等高线中先后选择DTM网的建立，绘制三角网，最后确定等高线点击“等高线”的下拉菜单，点击“建立DTM”，建立DTM的方式有两种，由数据文件生成和由图面点高程生成，选择“由数据文件生成”生成三角网。点击等高线”的下拉菜单，选择“绘制等高线”。图幅分幅处理：分幅 输出图框的生成:绘图处理标准图幅/任意图幅