英语语法非谓语动词讲解3.docx

1、英语语法非谓语动词讲解3英语语法非谓语动词讲解（3）（最新版）编制人：_审核人：_审批人：_编制单位：_编制时间：_年_月_日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如教案大全、教学资料、作文大全、演讲致辞、祝福语、名言句子、感悟故事、心得体会、总结报告、工作计划、党团资料、条据书信、合同协议、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by

2、this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such

3、 as teaching plans, teaching materials, essays, speeches, blessings, famous quotes, sentences, insights, experiences, summary reports, work plans, party and group information, and rules Letters, contract agreements, other sample essays, etc. If you want to know the format and writing of different sa

4、mple essays, stay tuned!英语语法非谓语动词讲解（3）英语语法非谓语动词讲解（3）动名词动名词可以起名词的作用，在句子中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。动名词仍保留动词的一般特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语，构成动名词短语。 动名词的否定形式是在前面加上not, never等否定词。(一)做主语和表语。动名词短语用and连起来做主语时，谓语用复数形式。例如：Fishing in this lake is forbidden. 这个湖里禁止钓鱼Going abroad for a visit and settling down abroad are two different thi

5、ngs. 出国访问和在国外定居是两件不同的事情。It seems that reading English is easier than speaking it.似乎读英语比说英语容易。My favorite hobby is fishing/collecting stamps . 我最喜欢的爱好是钓鱼/集邮。在Its no use; Its (no) good; Its useless ; Its (not) wise; Its (not) worthwhile; Its ofgreat (no, little) importance 等习惯表达中，It为形式主语，而将做主语的动名词短语放在

6、后面。例如：Its no use /good ringing her up now. 现在给她打电话没用了。Is it worthwhile bargaining two hours for two cents? 为两分钱讲价两小时值得吗?Its wise trying again. 再试一次是明智的。It is of great importance fighting against pollution. 制止污染有重要意义。It is no use operating on the sick man. He should have been sent here early. 给这个病人做手

7、术已经没用了。本应该早些把他送来。It is no good smoking; youd better give it up. 吸烟没好处，你最好戒掉。(二)动名词短语作宾语。常用的能接动名词的动词有：admit承认，appreciate 感激，avoid 避免，advise 建议，cant help 不禁，celebrate 庆祝，consider 考虑，complete 完成， contemplate沉思、打算，defer推迟，delay 延期，deny 否认，detest 痛恨，discontinue 停止， dislike不喜欢，dispute不同意，endure 忍耐，enjoy 喜

8、欢， escape逃脱，excuse 原谅， fancy想象，feel like 想要， finish结束， 严禁，forgive 原谅，hinder 阻碍，imagine想象，keep 保持，mention 提到，mind 在意，miss 错过，pardon 饶恕、原谅，permit允许，postpone 推迟，practise 实践、练习，prevent 阻止， recall 回忆， report报告，resent 怨恨， resist抵制、阻止，risk冒险，stop 停止，suggest 建议，understand 明白、理解，等等。例如：He avoided giving me a

9、definite answer. 他避免给我一个正确答案。David suggested selling your dog and car to pay the debt. 戴维建议卖掉你的狗和车抵债。(我们把这句话改为虚拟语气：David suggested that you (should) sell your dog and car to pay the debt. )I couldnt risk missing that train. 我可不敢冒误了那趟火车的险。下列动词既可用动词不定式又可用动名词做宾语：abhor憎恶，attempt 试图，begin 开始，cannot bear

10、无法忍受，cannot stand无法忍受，cease停止，continue，继续,，decline 拒绝，deserve值得，disdain蔑视，dread害怕，endure忍耐，forget忘记，hate 痛恨，intend打算，learn学，like 喜欢，loathe厌恶，love喜欢，mean意思是、意味着，need需要，neglect疏忽，omit省略，忽略，plan计划，prefer更喜欢，propose建议，regret后悔，remember记得，require需要，scorn蔑视、瞧不起，start开始，try尝试，努力，entail必须，involve涉及，necessit

11、ate使成为必要，等。以上多数动词用不定式或用动名词作宾语意思一样，个别不同。(三)动名词短语作介词宾语的时候最多。尤其是在短语动词后面。如：The children are fond of listening to pop music. 孩子们喜欢流行音乐。Are you interested in going to the show? 你有兴趣去看演出吗?Thomas insisted on doing it in his own way. 托马斯坚持按他自己的方法做这件事。我们把这句话改为虚拟语气：Thomas insisted that he (should) do it in his

12、 own way.Excuse me for interrupting you. 请原谅我打扰你，Since returning from Xian, he has been busy. 从西安回来后，他一直很忙。He warned me againstmming in this lake. 他警告我不要在这个湖里游泳。改为不定式短语：He warned me not tom in this lake.We came out without being seen. 我们出来没被人看见。Before finishing your homework, youd better not go out.

13、 做完作业之前，你最好别出去。改为用before 作连词：Before you finish your homework, youd better not go out.(四)动名词也可以有自己的逻辑主语，就是在动名词短语前面加上物主代词或名词的所有格。带逻辑主语的动名词短语可做主语，宾语，表语等。在非正式文体当中，经常把物主代词简化为宾格人称代词，把名词所有格简化为名词。例如：I insisted on his (him) going to the cinema with me. 我坚持要他和我一起去看电影。I can hardly imagine Peter(Peters) sailing

14、 across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. 我简直不能想象彼得会在五天内横渡大西洋。Lindas coming will do you good.(主语) 林达的到来对你有好处。What made him angry was their (them) laughing.(表语)使他生气的是他们笑。(五)动名词的完成式和被动语态：(1)完成式表示动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。例如：I apologize for having broken my promise. 我没有遵守诺言，我道歉。I dont remember having talked with

15、him before. 我不记得以前曾和他谈过话。I regret not having met you before my marriage/before I got married. 恨不相逢未嫁时。(2)当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作的对象或承受者时，动名词要用被动语态。例如：I could no longer stand being treated like that. 我再也不能忍受被那样对待。She was proud of having been trained in the U.K. 在英国受过训，她感到自豪。他不喜欢嘲笑别人。 He doesnt like laughing

16、at others.他不喜欢被人嘲笑。He doesnt like being laughed at.(六)某些动词可接不定式也可接动名词做宾语，但意义有差别。(1)like, love, hate, prefer等表示喜爱，厌恶的动词后面，可用动名词也可用不定式作宾语，意义差别不大。但当这些词前面有should或would时，一定要用动词不定式作宾语。表示想要，愿意，打算。例如：She likes dancing. But she wouldnt like to dance with you. 她喜欢跳舞。(泛指)但他不喜欢和你跳。(特指)He looked tired and I didn

17、t like to disturb him. 他看上去很累，我不想打扰他。I dont like reading, but Id like to read a magazine in bed tonight. 我不喜欢看书，但是今天晚上倒想躺在床上看本杂志。Little Jim should love to be taken to the theatre this evening. 小吉姆今晚喜欢被带去看戏。The reporter would /should like to see you again. 那位记者还想见见你。We dont like talking about people

18、behind their backs.我们不喜欢背后议论人。hate to do sth 表示“真不想做某事，(但不得不做)”。如：I hate to disturb you now, but I have no choice. 我真不想现在打扰你，但没有办法。(2) forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做) forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做) 例如：The light in the office is still on. She forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着。她忘记关了。(关灯的动作没做)The light in the

19、office is off. She turned it off, but she forgot turning it off. 办公室的灯没亮着。是她关的，但她忘记关过灯。(已关过灯，她忘了)她昨天又来还我二百元钱。她忘记上个月还我了。She came to pay back RMB 200 to me again yesterday. She forgot having paid it back to me last month.(3)remember to do sth.记着去做某事 remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 例如：Do you remember meetin

20、g me at a party last year? 你记得去年一次宴会上见过我吗?(已见过面)You must remember to leave tomorrow. 你一定要记着明天离开。(还没离开)(4)stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 例如：She stopped to have a rest on a big rock by the side of the path. 她停下来，在路边的一块大石头上休息。As long as you live, your heart never stops beating, 只要你活着，你

21、的心脏就永远不会停止跳动。(5) regret to do sth. 对尚未做的或正在做的事情表示遗憾 regret doing sth. 对已做的事情表示后悔 例如：I regret saying that. 我后悔说了那话。I regret to tell you the following truth. 我非常遗憾地告诉你下面这个事实。(6)try to do sth努力去做某事 try doing sth.做某事试一试 例如：You must try to do it again. 你必须想方设法再做一次。Lets try doing the work in some other wa

22、y. 咱们用另一种方法做这工作试试。(7) mean to do sth. 打算、意欲做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事 例如：If it means delaying more than a week, Ill not wait. 如果这意味着拖延一个多星期，我就不等了。I mean to help you, and nothing else. 我想帮助你们，没别的。我不是想伤害你，对不起。I didnt mean to hurt you. Im sorry.宣布台独就是对中国宣战。Declaring Taiwan independent means declaring wa

23、r on China.(8) go on to do sth.做了一件事又去做另一件 go on doing sth继续做原来的事情 例如：After he finished his maths, he went on to do his physics. 他作完数学后，接着又做物理。I hope it wont go on raining all day long. 我希望这雨别一天下个没完。C、分词分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。作为谓语，现在分词和be 一起构成进行时;过去分词和be一起构成被动语态，和have一起构成完成时。例如：I am reading a novel by Maupa

24、ssant. 我正在看一本莫泊桑写的小说。(现在分词和be 一起表示主语正在进行的动作。)Mr. Robinson has drunk five glasses of wine already. 鲁宾逊先生已经喝了五杯酒了。(过去分词和have 一起表示主语已经完成的动作。)The gold fish bowl was broken by Xiao Tao just now. 金鱼缸刚才被小陶打破了。(过去分词和be 一起表示主语是动作的承受者。)作为非谓语形式，分词可用作形容词和副词，在句子中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。但它仍保持动词的一般特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语。分词和自己的宾语、状语

25、构成分词短语。现在分词有一般式和完成式。它的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为或存在的状态;它的完成式(having + 过去分词)表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态。现在分词有主动语态和被动语态(being + 过去分词)。过去分词只有一般式，表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。过去分词(及物动词)本身可以表示被动的含义，因而没有别的被动形式。例如：Having failed three times, he didnt want to try again. (=As he had failed three times, he didnt want to t

26、ry again.) 他失败了三次，不想再干了。(having failed 表示发生在前的动作)Walking along the sands, Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a mans foot. (=While he was walking along the sands, Crusoe) 克鲁索沿着沙滩走的时候，看见沙上有人的脚印。(walking 表示同时发生的动作)The question being discussed seems important. (=The question is being discussed. It seems

27、 important.) 正在讨论的问题似乎很重要。The old days are gone. 旧时代一去不复返了。(gone 表示完成的状态)I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理发了。(cut 是及物动词的过去分词，表示“被人理发”。)分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上not, never等否定词构成。例如：Not fearing the fire, the child touched and got a finger burnt. 小孩儿不知道怕火，用手去摸，把手指烫了。Not knowing how to find the subway, I asked a policeman for help. 我不知道怎样找到地铁，就去找警察帮忙。