英汉翻译教程教案.docx

1、英汉翻译教程教案英汉翻译教程教案一、翻译史：有语言就有翻译1. how long: about 2000 years西方：公元前3世纪2. 翻译高潮climax公元前四世纪：古希腊文化（三人用拉丁语）公元前四六世纪：罗马帝国后期（中世纪），以宗教文献为主 圣经拉丁语中世纪后期（13-14世纪）：巴格达成为研究古希腊文化的中心文艺复兴时期（14-16世纪）：大量译著和翻译家二战以后，翻译范围扩大3我国的翻译高潮1）东汉唐宋：佛经翻译三大翻译家：玄奘：第一个 鸠摩罗什：天然西域之语趣 真谛2）明末清初：科学著作 外文中文3）五四前：严复、林纾等严复的翻译标准：faithfulness信 expre

2、ssiveness达 elegance雅4）建国后初10年，毛、马、列著作中文，苏联等社会主义国家的文学著作5）1978年后（改革开放）：西方学术著作和文艺作品：中译外文，量少质劣二、Whats translation?三、可译性？1. 字的音和形法不可译Practice makes perfect. （押头韵）Able was I are I saw Elba. （拿破仑说）不到厄岛我不倒（通韵味，但乏对称性）2直译和意译Armed to the teeth: fully armedStrike while iron is hot.以眼还眼，以牙还牙。滴水穿石。旧瓶装新油。火上浇油。thro

3、w ones hat into ring 竞技莎士比亚驯悍记Your three inch fool三打一水浒3意译Many kiss the baby for the nurses sake. 醉翁之意不在酒。Im afraid shes too far away from the cradle for you. 恐怕她对你来说太老了。as sweet as a nut甜得像蜜一样He who wants to eat nut must first crack it. Until ambition 不到黄河不死心。Pluck evil（意译） by the root（直译）. 斩草除根。It

4、s the question of the egg and the chicken. 这是说不清的问题。四、翻译的过程理解：英文水平好 结果 前提表达：中文水平好 校核：1理解阶段1, 2, 3, 4, 13He satisfied me that he would do the work well. （make me sure使相信）There are machines scientists developed.2. 表达阶段：直译、意译5The Scarlet Letter（霍桑著）五、英译汉常用的方法和技巧derog贬义词：ambitiousdistinguished著名的outstan

5、ding杰出的famous, well-knownprominent杰出的noted著名的celebrated notorious臭名昭著的（一）词类转译（1）1转译成动词（汉语中动词用得多）Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见，心不烦/想。Down found them on the halfway. 黎明时候，他们走在大街上。My admiration for him grew more. 我越来越钦佩他。Indo-China is a drain on French resources. 印度支那战争不断消耗法国资源。2. 转译成名词2, 17She knows

6、whats what. 她有鉴别力。动词My father was between the jobs at the time. 这时我父亲失业。She was between sheets（睡在被窝里） by eleven last night. She modelled between roles. 她不演戏的时候就当模特。She said between sobs. 她边哭边说。（二）词类转译（2）1. admitconfess承认不好的事情acknowledge承认自己原不想承认的事情recognize承认所说的品质、身份avow公开承认2. enduretoleratebearstan

7、d3. exercises：把划线部分转译成形容词1) He found on the issue, as on Berlin, an identity of approach.他发现在这个问题上，也像在柏林问题上一样，意见是非常一致的。2) Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.独立思考对学习来说，是绝对必需的。3) The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她当时的情绪。4) The su

8、n rose, thinly from the sea.淡淡的太阳从海上升起。5) There is increased demoralization.士气越来越消沉。6) He was still more surprised at the sigularity of the strangers.他看到那个陌生人的外表非常古怪就更加惊奇了。7) He sometimes, as I thought, bored me down more by his fluency, than by the strength of his reasons.我想他有时只能把我推到，不是因为他理由充分，而是因为

9、他口才好。8) Looking back the effrontery was quite something.回顾那自高自大的镜头，真够呛！9) Adenauer doubted the desirability. Adenauer认为举行最高级会议不一定合适。10) Belandes admission brought to light the entire hypocrisy of the statement made by the representatives of the Anglo-American bloc about the defence of rights of indi

10、vidual freedom. Belande所承认的事实证明英美集团代表的所谓保障个人自由的说法完全是假的。（三）增词法（4，5节）*为了意义上的和修辞上的需要1) Such was the mood across the former Soviet Union as the old order was ushered out and new one was rung in, on a day when every action prompted reaction. 当旧制度被送走，新制度被迎来的时候，在每一个行动都立刻引起反响的日子里，整个苏联上上下下都持怀疑和观望的态度。2) As I

11、know she was anxious to get home, and between fire, food and pickpockets, could never be considered at ease for half an hour in London. 因为我知道她极想回家，同时既怕房子着火，又要弄点吃的，又怕遇见小偷，所以她在伦敦一刻也不能安心。3) Father would pore over the items, calling out to her to tell him what this was, or that, in a vain attempt to bor

12、ing order out of this feminine chaos. 父亲对这项目进行仔细审阅，叫母亲告诉他这笔是什么，那笔是什么，企图从女性所记的混乱账目中理出个头绪来，但有毫无结果。4) He is a complicated man -moody, mercucial, with a melancholy streak. 他是一个性格复杂的人-喜怒无常、反复多变，有些忧郁寡欢。*为了汉语行文特点的需要1) Sanctions admittedly pressed harder on some countries than others. 制裁措施对一些国家的压力显然比对其他国家的要

13、大。2) In this mood, I went to diplomatic circles, earnest but only sketchingly informed. 怀着这种心情，我进入外交界，满怀热情，但是知识肤浅得很。3) He demanded, and got a complete new military picture by cutting the defence budget and giving Li May much of what the Air Force wanted. 他要求军事上出现崭新的局面，其方法是削减国际预军，把空中所需要的东西给李梅，这种新局面果然

14、出现了。1) All of us have read thrilling stories in which the hero had only a limited and specified time to live. 大家都读过一些故事，故事中的主人公将寿终正寝。这些故事感人肺腑，催人泪下。2) In stories the doomed hero is usually saved at the last minute by some stroke of fortune. 在故事中死在眉睫的主人公往往在最后的刹那间由于突然间时来运转或福从天降而转危为安或起死回生。3) When we are

15、 in buoyant health, death is all but unimaginable. 当我们身强力壮、风华正茂时，几乎不可能想到死亡之事。4) The days stretch out in an endless vista. 日复一日，年复一年，似乎岁月无限，时光永流。*为了句法上的需要1) We dont retreat, we never have and never will. 我们不后退，我们从没有后退过，将来也决不后退。2) Kettle calls the pot black. 五十步笑百步。3) Histories make man wise; poems wi

16、tty; mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; morality grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 历史使人聪明，诗歌使人灵巧、灵秀，数学使人精细严谨，自然哲学使人深沉，伦理使人庄重，逻辑和修辞使人擅辨。4) At the time of Kennedys assassination, Kissinger felt that ( ) a second term would have led either to greatness or to disaster. 肯尼迪遇刺时，基辛格认为，如果

17、肯尼迪再任一届总统的话，大概不是立大功，就是闯大祸。*为了表达原文内在意义或风格上的需要1) If you are not young, he said, it sure helps to be single. 若不是年轻力壮，至少是一个单身汉，家里没有什么累赘的人才好。2) ( I think they see it all in very different ways, for they are not at all alike). One is sphinx, one seems almost removed, and one sees it all. 一个好像木刻石雕像，对一切漠不光心

18、，无动于衷，一个好像是远处观景，模模糊糊，一个是明察秋毫，了如指掌。3) Society then had not lost its exclusiveness nor its brilliance. 当时的上流社会，还有一些才华出众的人，而且依然是壁垒森严，不容下层人涉足。4) P4例4，55）I couldnt describe the relations between our two countries as better, essentially franker, than I had known them. 我可以说，我们两国之间的关系比我所知道的以往任何时候都更好，其基本特点是能

19、更坦率地交换彼此的意见。Lady Hemits who Are Down But Not Out 潦倒的流浪女A Wrong Man in Workers Paradise 误入工人天国的人The Hour of Letdown 放松畅饮的时刻Look for Rusty Rin (寻找阴暗面)杞人忧天/自寻烦恼四字词组：言简意赅Somebody tapped me on the shoulder, I looked up from the exercise books of my young pupils, which I was just correcting, into the line

20、d, kindly face of a little sister. 有人轻轻拍了拍我的肩膀，我放下正在批改的小学生的作业本，抬头一看，原来是那做杂艺的修女，布满皱纹的脸，她是面目和善的小个子。（四）重复法（C4S6&7）concise报刊的特点：Accuracy, Brevity, Clarity重复的目的：明确，强调，生动（实际上是一种增词法）1、重复代词或其它名词1) Ours will no longer be a nation subject to insult and humiliation. 我们的民族再也不是一个被人侮辱的民族了。2) The people of Africa

21、are waging (carrying out) a hard struggle for the complete emancipation of the continent. 非洲人民正在为非洲的彻底解放进行艰巨的斗争。2、重复动词1) so that art which does not meet the demands of the struggle of the broad masses can be tansformed into art that does. 2) To win this victory with no require much more time and eff

22、ort, but to consolidate will. 夺取这个胜利，不必花费太多时间和精力，但。3、重复表语so, as1) John is your friend as much as he is mine. (B as much/well as A)约翰既是你的朋友，也是我的朋友。2) From the Chou and Qin dynasties onwards, Chinese society was feudal, as were its politics and economy. 自周秦以来，中国的社会是一个封建社会，其政治是封建政治，其经济也是封建经济。3) This is

23、 absolutely necessary and perfectly just, and the whole nation understands that its so. 这是绝对必要和完全正义的，全国人民都明百其必要性和重义性。4) We need rapid progress, not slow. 我们需要的是迅速的进步，而不是缓慢的进步。（五）替代法：替代词代替整个句子1) You are a bridge between the leadership and broad masses; through you the opinions of the broad masses are

24、 transimitted to the leadership and vice versa. 从下面传上来，从上面传下去。2) We must have a fundamental evaluation of a persons work and establish whether his achievements amount to 30 percent and mistakes to 70 percent, or vice versa. 我们应该对确定一个人的工作成绩是三分成绩七分错误，还是七分成绩三分错误应该有一个基本的评价。3) Therefore, not only the loc

25、al authorities have demands on central authorities, the same is true the other way around(反过来也一样). 因此，不但地方政府对中央政府有要求，反过来中央政府对地方政府也有要求。（六）省略法(The) horse is (a) useful animal. (省冠词)(A) wise man will not marry (a) woman who has attainments but no virture. 一个聪明的男人决不会娶有才无德的女子为妻的。He looked gloomy and trou

26、bled. 他看上去忧愁不安。We knew spring wa coming as we saw a robin. 我们看到一只知更鸟，知道春天快要到了。He declined to amplify on the presidents statement, since he had not read the text. 他没有看到总统讲话的文本，不愿加以发挥。If you write to him, the response would be absolute silence and void. 你写信给他，永远是石沉大海。(Ode to West Wind 西风颂)If winter co

27、mes, can spring be farbehind? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？Sunday is the day when Im least busy. 星期天是我最空的一天。(When) at last he stood upon the bluff, he turned to look at his sister, and looked upon her gloomily. 最后他占到悬崖上转过身，忧郁地看看他的妹妹。(On Sundays)He was naturally proud and ambitionus, but (he) was honest and true, and

28、 always put the interest of (his) countrymen before (his) own. 他秉性高傲，而且野心勃勃，但却真诚正直，总是把国人的利益看得比自己的利益更重。But its the way I am, and try as (I) might, (I) havent been able to change it. 但这就是我的脾气，虽几经努力，但未能改变过来。（七）正反、反正表达法（带有否定词或否定词缀的）正反：英语从正面表达，译文从反面表达I said this was new (doctrine) to me. 这个事情，我从未听过。John

29、was a fool to danger. 约翰什么也不怕（天不怕，地不怕）。He was a stranger to sympathy. 他丝毫没有同情心。Herb may be dying somewhere, calling out for his mam and dad, and only strangers around him. Herb也许快要死了，嘴里喊着爹妈，身边连一个亲人也没有。I want everybody to have a fair deal(公平交易). 我希望大家都不吃亏。We are grown men, after all, let us settle th

30、e affair amicably. 我们又不是三岁小孩，难道就不能和平解决这个问题。Mrs. Dudgen (threateningly): Youd better keep a civil tongue(说话礼貌点) in your head! Mrs. Dudgen威胁说，你别而言恶语！So cheer up(振作起来), captain, and buy a flower off a poor girl. 别发愁了，长官，买咱穷人一枝花吧。Hawkins smies like a man able to take care of himself. Hawkins微笑着，好像是说别人无需

31、为他操心。Asia was passed over by the Industrial Revolution. 工业革命没有光顾亚洲。Disasters wear many masks. (proverb)灾难是难于预料的/天有不测风云，人有旦夕之祸。The government had something of a case. 政府也不是完全没有理由的。Shortness of time has required the omission of some states. 由于时间不够，没能访问一些国家。Appearances are deceptive. 外表是靠不住的。They could accept it with dignity. 他们可以不失尊严地接受他。It had been six or seven hours since I had had anything to eat, drink or smoke. 已经有六七个小时，我没While she liked his work, she pointed out areas where improvement was possible. 他喜欢她的作品，同时又指出了不足之处。We have been adding so many programs that the size and growth of