职称英语理工类A级新增文章内容.docx

1、职称英语理工类A级新增文章内容写在最前面的关于30分题+15分1. +表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章，考哪一级就看哪一级的内容，别的级别的题目完全不用看。2. 每个级别新增阅读理解2篇完型填空2篇（今年以前完形填空只新增一篇），考试的时候，这两篇阅读理解必考一篇，文章完全一样，但是问题及答案不一定完全一样，所以仅仅记住答案是不可靠的，一定要结合后面的翻译把这篇文章看懂。那么这里5道题目15分必定能拿到。然后完型填空，先说今年以前，只新增一篇完型填空，这篇完型填空必考，只是留空的位置不会完全一样，大约有40%左右的留空位置是一样，所以光背答案是没得用的，一定要把文章看熟。当然今年由

2、于每个级别新增了2篇完型填空，那么考试的时候肯定也是2选1考一篇。这里15道题15分也很容易能拿到。3. 词汇有15道题，替换同义词，找本字典翻翻，这15分也不难，至少12分能拿到吧。其他的题能拿多少分就看各位的英语底子了。做最坏的打算，剩下的题目还有55分，按瞎蒙25%的概率能拿到13.75分，加上前面的45分大约也有58分左右，所以要完全靠瞎蒙的朋友考试前多扶扶老奶奶过马路，多积累点人品吧。4. 以上只是投机取巧的方法，各位有时间的话还是花点时间复习下，但是考前一定要把新增的题目掌握好，就算英语底子好的朋友也起码可以节约不少考试时间。5. 本人职称英语ABC级都是这样考过的，每年的规律都是

3、一样的。从客观角度说，每年的职称英语考试书都不便宜，新增的内容也不多，如果新增的东西里面没有价值，那么那本书还有谁买？那本书可是考试中心出的，亲！最后，祝大家考试顺利！2012年职称英语理工类新增文章阅读理解（6篇） 3页第六篇 Making Light of1 Sleep第十九篇 Graphenes Superstrength1*第三八篇 Life Form Found on Saturns Titan*第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety+第四五篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety+第四十六篇Ants Have Big Im

4、pact on Environment as Ecosystem Engineers完形填空（6篇） 20页第三篇 Germs on Banknotes 第十篇 Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness*第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities*第十二篇 Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk+第十三篇 Solar Power without Solar Cells+第十五篇

5、 “Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；2、阅读理解，请参见第3页；完形填空，请参见第20页；3、2012年词汇部分与2011年教材相比未作任何变化 。阅读理解+第四五篇 Small But WiseOn December 14,NASA1 blasted a small but mighty telescope into space. The telescope iscalled WISE and is about as wide around as a tras

6、hcan. Dont let its small size fool you:WISE hasa powerful digital camera, and it will be taking pictures of some the wildest objects2 in the knownuniverse,including asteroids,faint stars,blazing galaxies3 and giant clouds of dust where planetsand stars are born.Im very excited because were going to

7、be seeing parts of the universe that we havent seenbefore,said Ned Wright, a scientist who directs the WISE project.Since arriving in space,the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth,held by gravity in apolar orbit4(this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap5).Its cam

8、era ispointed outward,away from the Earth,and WISE will snap a picture of a different part of the skyevery 11 minutes. After six months it will have taken pictures across the entire sky.The pictures taken by WISE wont be like everyday digital photographs,however. WISEstands forWide-field Infrared Su

9、rvey Explorer.As its name suggests,the WISE camera takespictures of features that give off infrared radiation6.Radiation is energy that travels as a wave. Visible light, including the familiar spectrum oflight7 that becomes visible in a rainbow,is an example of radiation. When an ordinary digitalcam

10、era takes a picture of a tree,for example,it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree. When these waves enter the camera through the lens,theyre processed by the camera,which then puts the image together.Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light, s

11、o ordinary digital camerasdont see them,and neither do the eyes of human beings. Although invisible to the eye,longerinfrared radiation can be detected as warmth by the skin.Thats a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes cant. Noteverything in the universe shows up in visib

12、le light. Asteroids,for example,are giant rocks thatfloat through space 一but they absorb most of the light that reaches them. They dont reflect light,so theyre difficult to see. But they do give off infrared radiation, so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them. During

13、 its mission WISE will take pictures ofhundreds of thousands of asteroids.Brown dwarfs8 are another kind of deep-space object that will show up in WISEs pictures.These objects arefailed stars 一which means they are not massive enough to jump start9 thesame kind of reactions that power stars such as t

14、he sun. Instead,brown dwarfs simply shrink andcool down. Theyre so dim that theyre almost impossible to see with visible light, but in theinfrared spectrum they glow.词汇：trashcan / tr,kn/n垃圾箱infrared/infrred/ adj红外线asteroid/strid/ n.小行星dwarf/dw:f/ n. 矮星注释：1.NASA （美国国家航空航天局）是缩写词，全称是National Aeronautic

15、s and SpaceAdministration2. the wildest objects ：任何你能想象得到的天体。wild 有“未被人驯养的”“荒唐的”“离奇的”意思。3. faint stars, blazing galaxies：指的是那些只能看到微弱的光和因燃烧而无法观察到的天体。4. polar orbit：极地轨道。指轨道平面与赤道面夹角为90。的人造地球卫星轨道。人造卫星运行时能到达南北极区上空，即卫星能飞经全球范围的上空。需要在全球范围内进行观测和应用的气象卫星、导航卫星、地球资源卫星等都采用这种轨道。5. lap：一圈。原指竞赛场的一圈或游泳池的一个来回，如： She

16、overtook the other runners on the last lap. 她最后一圈超过了其他参赛者。6. infrared radiation：红外线辐射7. spectrum of light：光谱，即，光辐射的波长分布区域。8. Brown dwarfs：褐矮星。褐矮星非常暗淡，很难发现它们，要确定它们的大小就更加困难。9.jump start: 启动练习：1 .What is so special about WISE?A It is small in size but carries a large camera.B It is as small as a trashc

17、an.C Its digital camera can help astronomers to see the unknown space.D Never before has a telescope carried a digital camera in space.2. Which is NOT the synonym for the word snap in the third paragraph?A make.B shoot.C takeD photograph.3. The camera on WISEA is no different from an ordinary camera

18、.B does not see infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does.C catches the infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does not.D reflects light that human eyes can see.4. Which of the following is NOT correct aboutasteroids according to paragraph 7?A Asteroids float through space giving off v

19、isible light.B Asteroids do not reflect light that reaches them.C It is difficult to take asteroids pictures by ordinary cameras,D The WISE telescope can take pictures of asteroids5.What is implied in the last paragraph?A Brown dwarfs give off visible light.B Brown dwarfs give off infrared radiation

20、.C Brown dwarfs are power stars like the sun.D Brown dwarfs are impossible to see with the WISE telescope.答案与题解：1. C 短文的第一和第二段提供了答案。WISE 的特殊之处就在于，虽然体积小，但它的数码相机能拍到任何天体，所以能够帮助天文学家观测到宇宙空间中（ in the known universe ）的未知天文现象。其他选项都不是短文表达的意思。2. A snap 是个多义词，可以解释为“拍照”，更为确切的意思是“拍快照”。这里shoot, take 和photograph 都

21、是snap 的同义词。3. C 短文第六段和第四段提供了答案。人类的肉眼和普通相机看到的光是visible lights ，看不见红外线辐射（ infrared radiation) ，而WISE 的相机能够看到。4. A 短文第七段第二句说并非所有的宇宙中的物体都会发出可见光，比如asteroids ，所以A是正确选项。其他选项的内容都可以在该段中找到。5. B 最后一段的第一句说，褐矮星能出现在WISE 照片中，根据上文对WISE 望远镜的描述只有WISE 望远镜才能拍到红外线射线，所以B是正确选择。+第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as

22、Ecosystem EngineersResearch by the University of Exeter1 has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as ecosystem engineers and predators. The study, published in the Journal of Animal Ecology, found that ants have two distinct effects on their l

23、ocal environment.Firstly, through moving of soil by nest building2 activity and by collecting food they affect the level of nutrients in the soil. This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups, from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.Secondly, they prey on

24、a wide range of other animals, including larger prey which can be attacked by vast numbers of ant workers.Dirk Sanders, an author of the study from the universitys Centre for Ecology and Conservation, said:Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers. Theyre also very territorial3

25、and very aggressive, defending their resources and territory against other predators. All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area.In this research, we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it. What we found is that despite being predator

26、s, their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups4. They genuinely play a key role in the local environment, having a big influence on the grassland food web, Sanders said.The study, carried out in Germany, studied the impact of the presence of different

27、combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants, both species which can be found across Europe, including in the UK. It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area, particularly the density of herbivores and d

28、ecomposers. At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect, showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence.Dr Frank van Veen, another author on the study, said:What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels

29、, but as the number of ants increases, their predatory impacts have the bigger effect thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering.Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass5 but also because they act as e

30、cosystem engineers. Ant biodiversity6 is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact, which obviously reduces its richness. However, it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem Ants are important in below ground processe

31、s8 through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants, microorganisms, and other soil organisms.词汇：predator / predt/ n食肉动物nutrient/ nju:trint/ n 营养物；adj营养的decomposer/,di:kmpuz/ n腐生物；分解体prey/prei/ v捕食；n被捕食的动物subtlety/ stlti/ n ，微妙，精妙herbivore/ h:biv: /

32、 n 食草动物注释：1.the University of Exeter ：埃克斯特大学。1851 年建校，位于英国西南部重要商业中心埃克斯特市，是英国著名的传统大学之一。2. nest building ：筑巢3. territorial ：领地的。在此用来形容蚂蚁的本性，即具有很强的领地意识，并且会竭尽全力保卫自己的领地。4. an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups ：其他动物群体在数量和品种上的增长。5. biomass ：物质名词，由bio和mass 两部分组成，意为“生物量”“生物质”。6. biodiversity ：物质名