综合教程第三册课件Unit7.docx

1、综合教程第三册课件Unit7Unit Seven1、Background Introduction道德家们常说：幸福靠追求是得不到的。只有用不明智的方式去追求才是这样。蒙特卡洛城的赌城们追求金钱，但多数人却把钱输掉了，而另外一些追求金钱的办法却常常成功。追求幸福也是一样。如果你通过畅饮来追求幸福，那你就忘记了酒醉后的不适。很多人拥有获得幸福的全部物质条件，即健康的身体和丰足的收入，可是他们非常不快乐。就这种情况来说，似乎问题出在生活理论的错误上。我们和动物的区别并没有我们想象的那么大。如果你是一只猫，它只要有东西吃，感到暖和，偶尔晚上得到机会去寻欢，它就会很快活。你的需要比你的猫要复杂一些，但

2、还是以本能为基础的。在文明社会中，特别是在讲英语的社会中，这一点很容易被忘却。只要你观察一下周围那些你可称之为幸福的男男女女，就会看出他们都有某些共同之处。在这些共同之处中的有一点是最重要的：那就是活动本身，它在大多数情况下本身就很有趣，而且可逐渐的使你的愿望得以实现。在我看来，整个关于快乐的话题一向都被太严肃的对待过了。过去一直有这样的看法：如果没有一种生活的理论或者宗教信爷，人是不可能幸福的。人是动物，他的幸福更多的时候取决于其生理状况而非思想状况。这是一个很庸俗的结论，然而我无法使自己怀疑它。我确信，不幸福的人与其找到新的理论来使自己幸福，还不如每天步行六英里更见效。本单元主人公都想按自

3、己的意志和想法去追求爱情，你觉得他们成功了吗？2、Analyzation Of The TextParagraph 1 第一段主要介绍了故事的主人公艾伦奥斯汀。Paragraphs 2-12 老人在尽力向奥斯汀兜售他的东西。Paragraphs 13-45 故事的情节在老人与奥斯汀的对话之间继续展开，奥斯汀了解了爱情药水最后决定买下它。3、Words Study文中出现的重难点单词及短语：oblige, confidential, substitute, overwhelm, bettor off1Oblige/v. to do a favor or service for（使）感激，施恩于

4、释例 We are much obliged to you for your help. 非常感激你给我们的帮助. Please do your best and oblige. 希望尽力而为，则不胜感激之至。oblige 用于被动态，意为“强制，要求”时，后接不定式，不接动名词或名词从句，例如：Im obliged to leave early to catch my train。 为了赶火车，我不得不很早动身。be obliged 意为“感激”时，后接介词to，例如：He felt obliged to them for their kindness towards him. 他非常感激他

5、们对他的好意. Oblige 在意为“非常感激”时，可以说Im much obliged./ Im very much obliged. 但不可能说Im very obliged。 Oblige主动结构通常意为“迫使某人做某事”，宾语后接不定式，例如：In certain countries the law obliges parents to send their children to school. 在某些国家里，法律强制父母送孩子上学。还意为“施恩为某人”，常转义为“请”，与by或with连用，例如：Could you oblige me by opening the window?

6、劳驾请替我开一下窗户好吗？ Could you oblige me with a match? 请给我一根火柴好吗？2Confidential adj. trusted with private matters; showing full trust 极受信任的，心腹的；参与机密的Dont become too confidential with strangers. 不要太信任陌生人。Our budget is confidential. 我的方的预算是保密的。familiar, intimate, confidential 都含“亲密的”，“亲近的”意思。Familiar指“通过经营接触了

7、解而不拘礼节的”，例如：Im not familiar with her.我同她不太熟悉。Intimate指“关系密切的”，例如：He is my intimate friend. 他是我的密友。Confidential 指“亲信的，心腹的”，例如：She became my confidential secretary. 她当了我的机要秘书。3Substitute/v. to put something or somebody in place of another代替，替换He substituted as the typist in the office. 他代替做这个办公室的打字员。T

8、he manager was unable to attend but sent his deputy as a substitute. 经理不能出席，派了个副手代替他。substitute作名词，后接for, 意为“代替的人或物”，例如：Is there a substitute for the injured payer? 有没有替补受伤球员的人? Substitute作及物动词，宾语后接for, 意为“用代替”，例如：We substituted red balls for blue, to see if the baby would notice。 我们用红球代替了蓝球，想了解婴儿是否

9、能注意到。Substitute作不及物动词，后接for，意为“充当代替者”，常用于美语中，例如：He substituted for the worker who was ill. 他顶替了生病的工人。4overwhelm/v. to cause to feel sudden strong emotion淹没；覆盖；制服The boat was overwhelmed by the waves. 船被浪打翻了。Your kindness quite overwhelms me. 你的好意使我感激难言。overcome, overpower, overwhelm, surmount都含有压倒，折

10、服的含义。Overcome虽然可以指以有力的力量压倒敌手，但主要表示抽象意义上的占上风。Overpower指以力量制服，压倒敌手；也表示在情感上使人折服。Overwhelm与overpower的含义最接近，但强调具有完全支配的力量，也表示受某种感情的支配。Surmount的字面含义是爬过或越过某高地或高山，这里指克服困难，障碍或类似的东西，例如：Someday we shall overcome racial intolerance. 将来有一天我们会制止住种族偏执。He overpowered his assailant and called for the policeman. 他把向他进

11、攻的对手制服之后便叫了警察。Invading armies overwhelmed the town. 入侵的军队拥有完全支配这座城的力量。He surmounted his handicap and achieved great success. 他克服了残疾的障碍，取得巨大的成功。5Better off having money than one used to have or more money than most other people状况好的，经济状况好的，富裕的Alec thinks he would be better off if he moved to another c

12、ompany. But the grass always looks greener on the other side to of the fence：I dont think he would really be better off. 亚历克以为要是他转到另一家公司的话，他会更富裕。然而，这山望着那山高：我认为他不会真的会富裕些的。better off是well off（富裕）的比较级形式，表示“更富裕，境况更好”的意思，可以用作表语或前置定语，例如：His business is doing well. In fact, he is better off now than he eve

13、r was. 他的生意做得不错，事实上，他比以往任何时候更富裕了。He is better off peasant.他是个比较富裕的农民。4、Explanation Of The Text1On one of the dirty buff-coloured walls were a couple of shelves, containing in all perhaps a dozen bottle and jars：containing为现在分词作定语，现在分词作定语表示正在进行的或主动的动作也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征，此时可换成相应的定语从句。2It would be no good

14、charging that sort of price for a love potion：be no good doing sth. 意为“没有，没什么好处”，类似的词组还有it is no use（no point, no sense, a waste of time等名词）+doing sth. 例如Its no good my talking to him. 我同他谈也没有用。Its no good eating too much fat. 吃太多的肥肉没什么好处。Its no use your pretending that you didnt know the rules. 你假装

15、不知道那条规则是没有用的。Charging为动名词作主语。动名词作主语经常表示抽象动作，经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。动名词结构作主语，可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语。动名词可以在句子中充分名词所能充当的多种句子成分。在这里仅就动名词在句子中作主语的情况进行讲座动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况：1）直接位于句首做主语，例如：Swimming is a good sport in summer. 游泳在夏季是一种好的运动方式。2）用it作形式主语，把动名词（真实主语）置于句尾作后置主语。动名词作主语时，不太常用it作先行主语，多见于某些形容词及名记号之后，例如：It is no use

16、telling him not to worry. 告诉他不要担心是没有用的。常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better, wonderful, enjoyable, interesting, foolish, difficult, useless, senseless, worthwhile等。注意：important, essential, necessary等形容词不能用于上述结构。3）用于“there be”结构中，例如：There is no saying when hell come. 很难说他何时回来。4）用于布告形式的省略结构中，例如：No smoking（=No smok

17、ing is allowed（here）.禁止吸烟。No parking. 禁止停车。3Young people who need a love potion very seldom hive thou-sand dollars. Otherwise they would not need a love potion：副词otherwise为非条件状语从句的虚拟条件的一种表达方式，本句可改写为：Young people who need a love potion very seldom have five thousand dollars. If they have five thousan

18、d dollars they would not need a love potion. 一提起虚拟条件，人们首先就会想到虚拟条件状语从句。其实，虚拟条件的表达方式是多种多样的，它还可以用某些其它的词、短语或通过上下文等来表示。1）用介词或介词短语表示，例如：With better equipment（=If we had better equipment）,we could have finished the job even sooner. 要是设备好些，我们是可更早地完成这项任务的。I had my hair cut off and sold it because I couldnt h

19、ave lived through Christmas without giving you a present（=if I hadnt given you a present）. 我把头发剪掉卖了。因为不送你一件礼物，我简直过不了圣诞节。2）用形容词表示，例如：A judicious man（=If a man had been judicious, he）would not have committed suicide. 一个明智的人是不会自杀的。They would have paid attention to a nice little boy（=if a little boy had

20、 been nice）. 如果是个令人喜爱的孩子，他们就会注意到了。3）用副词otherwise, but；连词or, or else等表示，例如：I was ill that day. Otherwise（=If I had not been ill that day）I would have come to see you. 我那天病了，要不然我就会去看你的。Doctor Wang said that he would have taken part in the labor, only he went to Beijing（=if he had not gone to Beijing）.

21、 王医生说他要不是去北京，就参加了那次劳动。4）用不定式短语表示，例如：It would be only partly right to answer in this way（=if we answered in this way）. 这样回答只是一部分正确。To talk with her（=If you should talk with her）, you would know she could not hear very well. 如果你同她交谈，你就会知道她的听力不好。5）用分词短语或独立主格结构表示，例如：This same thing, happening（=if it sho

22、uld happen）in war-time, would amount to disaster. 同样的事情如果发生在战争时期，就等于一场灾难。Seen from a high mountain（=If it were seen from a high mountain）, the field in which wheat is growing would look like a great green sea. 从高山上看去，麦田就像一片碧绿的大海。6）用“介词+动名词”表示，例如：On being shown this novel（=If this novel were to be sh

23、own）, few of people would be able to consider that it had been written by a child. 如果将这本小说让人们读一读，不会有几个人相信这是一个小孩子写的。In doing so（=If he did so）, the head might forgive him. 要是这样做的话，首长会宽恕他的。7）用定语从句表示，例如：A nation which stopped working（=If a notion stopped working, it）would be dead in a fortnight. 如果一个国家

24、停止了生产，不出半个月它就会消亡。He would be a rash man who should venture to forecast the remotest results. 要是有人敢预测最遥远的后果，他就是一个轻率的人。4It is only when one is in a position to oblige that one can afford to be so confidential本句是强调句，你可以还原成肯定句：One can afford to be so confidential only when one is in a position to oblige

25、. 英语中为了突出句子中的某一成分，达到强调或使人特别注意该成分的目的，常用“It is (was )at (who)”句式把整个句子分割成前后两部分，使之自己有自己的谓语动词，中间由that或who连起来成为一个新句子，这种句式就被称为强调句型。1）关于可被修饰的句子成分简单句中可被修饰的句子成分有主语、谓语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语和由名词充当的非“be”系动词的表语以及一些非谓语等，例如：It was John who wore his best suit to the dance last night.（强调主语）It was his best suit that John wore t

26、o the dance last night.（强调宾语）It was last night that John wore his best suit to the dance.（强调状语）2）强调句中it后be的形式It后be的形式通常是一般现在时或一般过去时，有时以情态动词的形式出现，例如：It was novels that Miss Williams enjoys reading. /It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.3）强调人称代词和代词的格及第二分句中动词的数当被强调的主语是人称代词时，正式文体中用

27、主格，非正式文体中用宾格。后面分词既可以用that也可以用who; 当强调的宾语是人称代词时，既可以用主格，也可用宾格用主格时，其后用whom或省略；用宾格时其后用that或省略，但不能用whom，例如：It was I who /that told the police.（主语）/It was he（whom）I was talking about.（宾语）4）强调句型的其它形式强调句型可用于一般疑问句、选择疑问句、附加疑问句、特殊疑问句（问句中常省略that）、选择疑问句、感叹句和否定疑问句，例如：Was it during the Second World War that his fa

28、ther died?（一般疑问句）It was her that you wanted, wasnt it?（附加疑问句）When was it that you saw him?（特殊疑问句）What a good job it was（that）you did!（感叹句）5She will want nothing but solitude and you：nothing but亦可以解作nothing else but或nothing else than, 它表示“除了以外什么也没有，只不过”的意思，起形容词的作用，其后通常接名词，一起作表语、宾语或主语，例如：Dont have him

29、 for a friend; hes nothing but a criminal. 不要和他交朋友，他是个罪犯。We could see nothing but fog. 除了雾之外，我们什么也看不见。6She will think you are killed, or that some siren has caught you：在希腊神话中，Siren是一群女海妖之一，他们住在一个小岛上，岛上没有任何的生物和植物，只有沙砾和岩石。女妖们用她们美妙的歌声诱惑船只上的海员，让他们在萎靡之中进入梦乡或产生幻觉，从而使船只在岛屿周围触礁沉没，当船只沉没后，女妖们就将水手全部杀死。5、Excerc

30、ises.Translate the following sentences into English,using the words or phrases given in the brackets.1.To me ,you are definitely more than an acquaintance.2.Many artisans deal in a variety of handicrafts in the region.3.They went into raptures over the unexpected success.4.Much to my surprise, he an

31、alyzed with detachment the dangerous situation that threatened all of them.5.She peered at the stranger from behind the curtain.6.During the holidays, he indulged in the luxury of a bath of sunshine on the beach.7.Where she learnt the news of his death, the was overwhelmed with grief.8.Im not in fav

32、or of buying a house on the installment plan; instead ,I maintain that everyone of us should save up for a rainy day.Translate the following passage into Chinese.一个年轻人神情紧张而又犹豫，他推开门，走进一间宽敞的房间。一个老人坐在摇椅上，读着一本厚厚的羊皮纸制成的书，一本看上去像荷马的奥德赛一类的经典作品。老人没抬头，用手指示意年轻人在他旁边的椅子上坐下。老人说：“奥斯汀先生，很高兴与你相识。”“我想问你是不是卖，呃，一种有着特殊效果的混合物。”年轻人问道。“我亲爱的先生，事实上，我这里卖的任何东西都是不寻常的，虽然我物品的库存相当有限。”“但是你”年轻人有点迫不及待。“这是一种像水一样的无色液体，化在咖啡里、茶里、葡萄酒里或者其它饮料里是看不出来的，”老人打断他的话，“但它被起名为万能清洁液，它能够清洁一切东西，从手套到生活。我相信生活有时是需要清洗的。”“恐怕那不