语 法 结 构 时 态.docx

1、语 法 结 构 时 态语 法 结 构 时 态考研英语每日一课（时态上） 考研英语每日一课（时态上）语 法 结 构 时 态一般现在时表示现在、经常或习惯的动作或状态和普遍现象、常识或客观真理；一般过去时用于过去某一时间内发生的或过去习惯性的动作或状态；一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，将来打算做的事情；现在完成时表示过去发生的动作造成目前的结果和对现在造成的影响或表示从过去延续至今的动作、状态和习惯等；将来完成时表示将来某时之前业已完成或发生的事情；过去完成时表示过去某时间之前已经发生的动作或状况，即过去的过去。注意每一种时态与其他时态的交叉使用情况。英语共有十六种时态，其表现形式如下(

2、以study为例)： 一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时 现在 studystudies am studyingis studyingare studying have studiedhas studied have been studyinghas been studying 过去 studied was studyingwere studying had studied had been studying 将来 shall studywill study shall be studyingwill be studying shall have studiedwill have studie

3、d shall have been studyingwill have been studying 过去将来 should studywould study should be studyingwould be studying should have studiedwould have studied should have been studyingwould have been studying 考试中出现的一般有以下几种。I、一般现在时一、表示一般性或经常发生的动作或状态1) In general A ， newspapers emphasize current news， where

4、as B magazines dealt C more with D background materials. 2) The adult mosquito usually lives for about A thirty days， although B the life span varied C widely with temperature， humidity， and other D factors of the environment. 3) Industrial buyers A are responsible B for supplying C the goods and se

5、rvices that an organization required D for its operations. 二、表示习惯性动作和状态或普遍的现象或常识4) It is an accepted A custom in west countries that B men removed C their hats when a woman enters D the room. 5) Certain layers of the atmosphere have special names . Awhich indicated their character properties Bwhose

6、characteristic properties were indicatingCwhat characterize their indicated properties Dthat indicate their characteristic properties 三、表示客观事实、客观规律和客观真理。在宾语从句中，即使主句的谓语动词用了过去时，只要从句表示的是客观真理，从句的谓语动词也要用一般现在时 6) The teacher told them since A light travels faster than B sound, lightning appeared C to go b

7、efore D thunder. 7) As A a child, I was told that B the planet earth, which has C its own satellite, the moon, moved D round the sun. 四、祈使句必须用动词原形，其否定结构用“dont动词原形”，如：Go and fetch some water. Dont do that. 五、在反义疑问句中，如果主句用肯定句，那么，反问句用否定形式；如果主句用否定形式，那么，反问句就用肯定形式。而且前后在时态上要一致。但祈使疑问句用wont you?进行反问。如：See a

8、film tonight, wont you? 注： 祈使句后边可用附加疑问句，以加强语气。如果祈使句用肯定形式，附加疑问句用否定形式；如果祈使句用否定形式，附加句用肯定形式；如： Come here next Sunday, wont you? Dont tell it to anyone, will you? 但如果祈使句的前一句有了表示强烈ZZ(肯定ZZ)的语言环境，即使祈使句用了肯定形式，其附加成分也可以用“will you”(表示肯定，如果是在口语中用降调)。如：Give me the book, will you? II一般过去时一、一般过去时主要表示过去某一时刻发生的动作或情况，

9、句中通常有表示过去某一时刻的状语 a day ago, last week, in 1996, during the night, in anceint times等，表示“过多少时间之后”用after, 但在现在完成时中用in, 如in the past few years等 1) How many people remember A listening B to Orson Welles 1938 radio broadcast C ， “ The War of the Worlds”， which convince D thousands that space aliens(外星人) h

10、ad invaded the Earth? 2) The instructor had gone over A the problems many times B before C the students will take D the final examination. 3) Anthropologists agree A that our primitive ancestors B who inhabit C the tropics probably have natural protection against D the Sun. 二、例题解析1) D错，改用过去时 convinc

11、ed，因此处表述的是过去(1938年)所发生的情况，而现在则不是这样。“which”引导的从句修饰“1938 radio breadcast”。 2) D错。由于主句使用的是过去完成时，表示在 过去 的某一动作发生之前，本句中的“before”从句引导一个表示过去的时间状语。所以状语从句的谓语应用过去时态，应把将来时“will take”改为一般过去时took，以便和主句的过去完成时呼应。 3) C错，改为inhabited，既然是“我们的祖先 居住 的热带地区”，“居住”这一动作发生在过去，所以要用过去时。这里也要提醒大家：做语法题不仅要看特定的提示词如时间状语等，关键还在于读懂句子的意思。

12、如，虽然本句的主语还是同一表示过去的名词主语“primitive ancestors”，其谓语动词就用现在时“have”。“我们的祖先有”，这里的“有”，是现在我们看来的一种事实，所以用一般现在时。 III 一般将来时一、一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或状况1) But the weather experts A are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected B by only a few degrees of warming: in other words, by a warming on the

13、scale that would C possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning D of fuels.(92年阅读理解题) 2) If traffic problems are not solved soon A ， driving B in C cities becomes D impossible. 二、在表示时间和条件的状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。这些时间副词有when, as soon as等，表示条件的连词有if,as long as等。 3 ) A desert area that has b

14、een A without water B for six years will still C bloom when rain will come D . 4) Come and see me whenever_ .(84年考题) A you are convenient B you will be convenientC it is convenient to youD it will be convenient to you 5) The task _ extremely difficult. If no one able to do it, we will have to find s

15、omebody else. A wereB wasC isD would 注意：如果这些副词或连词引导的是名词从句作宾语而不是状语从句时，这些名词从句的谓语动词则用该用的时态：I dont know when he will come.而且表示将来的助动词will还可以用以条件从句中，译为“愿意、肯”等。 三、一些表示方向及变化的瞬间动词可用进行时或现在时表示将要发生的动作We leave (are leaving) for California the day after tomorrow.我们(计划)后天动身去加利福尼亚州。 May I have your attention please. The plane for Wuhan is about to take off.请注意，飞往武汉的飞机就要起飞了。 四、另外，“be +to 动词原形”也可表示打算做的事，还可表示责任、意向和