新版八年级上期末备考语法.docx

1、新版八年级上期末备考语法精锐教育学科教师辅导讲义学员编号： 年 级： 初二 课 时 数： 学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： 授课类型T 同步 C 专题 语法复习T 提高授课日期及时段教学内容 语法知识回顾：Unit 1 不定代词常考知识点一： some anyA.some 意为“一些，有些”，常在肯定句中作主语，宾语或定语。 作定语时，既可以修饰复数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。 She wants some rice. I have some books.(2012贵阳) Its polite to take_ flowers as a gift when you go to visit

2、 a friend. A. little B. any C. some Key: CB.any意为“任何，一些”，常用在否定和疑问句中，也可以用在条件状语从句中，作定语时既可以修饰复数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。 eg: Have you got any paper? There arent any trees here. If you have any water, please give me some. They need some more workers and money to build the bridge.( 改为否定句) They dont need_ more worke

3、rs _money to build the bridge. Key: any, orC.特殊用法： some也可以用于表示请求的疑问句中。 eg: Can I have some water? Would you like some coffee? any也可以用在肯定句中，意为“任一” eg: Any man knows that.常考知识点二：复合不定代词63.完成下列表格，构成复合不定代词onebodythingsomeanyeveryno64.复合不定代词的用法 复合不定代词在句中主要作 主语，宾语，表语 eg: Something is wrong with my computer

4、. I met someone you know last night.(2012.上海中考) I cant connect my computer to the Internet. There must be_ wrong with it. A. something B. everything C. anything D. Nothing Key: A65.使用符合不定代词时应注意：1. 一般情况下，由some构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句 由any构成的复合不定代词用于否定句和疑问句 由no构成的复合不定代词表示否定意义eg: I have something important to te

5、ll you. I cant see anything. Theres nothing I can do.2. 复合不定代词 作主语 应视为单数 eg: Someone is knocking at the door.3. 形容词 修饰 复合不定代词时，应放在 复合不定代词 之后。 eg: There is something interesting in todays newspaper.(2012福州中考)Mrs. Brown is nice. Every day she tried to cook_ for me during my stay in Canada. A. somethin

6、g different B. anything different C. nothing different Key: AUnit 2 数词常考知识点一、基数词 (1)基数词的构成-表示数目多少的词叫基数词。1-12独立成词：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve。13-19(+teen): thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen。两个音节都要重读。20-90(整十位数+ty): twenty

7、, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety。第一个音节重读。21-99间的两位数，先说“十位”，再说“个位”，中间要加连字符“-”101-999之间的三位数，先说“百位”，再加and,再加末尾两位数。 eg: one hundred and one nine hundred and ninety-nine 156读作： 709读作：1000以上的大数，使用计数符号，每三位加以逗号，从第一个逗号起单位依次为thousand, million, billion.“万”表达为ten thousand【考考你】The road is o

8、ver_ metres long. A. six hundred and fifty-two B. six hundres and fifty-two C. six hundred, fifty-two D. six hundred, fifty and two【关于基数词的重点与考点：】基数词表示顺序编号时：名词+基数词 ，此时两个词的首字母都要大些。 Class Three Room 5 Lesson One【考考你】Now, everyone, please turn to Page _and look at the _picture. A. Twelve; fifth B. Twelf

9、th; fifth C. Twelve; five D. Twelfth; five确数与概数的表达。 确数：基数词+单位+复数名词： two hundred students 200名学生 概数：单位加S +of+复数名词：thousands of visitors 成千上万的游客“整十加S” 用于表示“几十年代”或“某人几十多岁时” In the 1960s, people had to lead a poor life. 在20世纪60年代，人们不得不过着贫困的生活。 He invented many things in his twenties. 他在20多岁时就发明了很多东西。【考考

10、你】My grandma is in her _(八十多岁),but she can still take care of herself.常考知识点二、序数词(1)序数词的构成表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词。序数词大多由基数词变形而成，所以掌握了基数词和基变序的方法，序数词也就简单啦。基变序的方法：基变序，有规律，词尾加上th; four-fourth six-sixth一二三，单独记；八减t,九去e; first, second, third eighth, ninthve变f；遇y变ie,词尾再加th。 five-fifth twelve-twelfth twenty-twentieth 若

11、遇几十几，只变个位就可以。 twenty-two- twenty-second注意：fourfourteenfortyforty-two ninenineteenninetyninety-nine fourthfourteenthfortiethforty-second ninthnineteenthninetiethninety-ninth【考考你】-How was your weekend? -Great! It was my grandpas _birthday. We enjoyed ourselves. A. seventy B. seventieth C. the seventie

12、th D. seventeenth【序数词的考点：】序数词表示顺序时,其前要加the,后面接单数名词。The second picture is very beautiful.The fourth student comes from America.【考考你】 Jack got the _(four) place in the 100-metre race.表示日期中的“日”。如2013年9月19日，表示为“September 19th,2013”; 读作：September the nineteenth, two thousand and thirteen序数词的缩写：1st 2nd 3r

13、d 4th 20th 63rd 78th 序数词表示编号顺序时： Unit One= the first unit Part Two= the second part几种特殊数词的表示方法：普通分数： 子饥母叙，分子1,分母+S （饥-基，叙-序）eg: 1/3: one third 2/3: two thirds1/2:读作 a half或one half 1/4读作 a quarter 或one fourth eg: Two thirds of the earth is covered by water.百分比：基数词+percent(per cent) 2%读作 two percent

14、27%读作 twenty-seven percent eg: Over 25 percent of the surface of the ground is covered with grass.习惯表达one and a half apples= one apple and a half 一个半苹果half an apple半个苹果 one or two apples= one apple or two 一两个苹果10:30 half past ten10:25 twentyfive past ten9:45 fifteen to ten 或 a quarter to ten语法三、加减乘除

15、-数字的运算加法：3 plus 9 is/equals 12. 减法：9 minus 3 is/equals 6.乘法：3 multiplied by 9 is/equals27. 除法：9 divided by 3 is/equals 3.=: is/ equals +: plus -:minus *: multiplied by /: divided by 都是表示加减乘除的介词。用于读出已列的算式。 eg: -What is 2 plus 3? -2 plus 3 is 5. 而出题者通常用“加减乘除”的动词原形来开头,构成祈使句,命令做题者。 Add A and B Subtract

16、A from B Multiply A by B Divide A by B If we add 2 to 5, we can get 7. Multiply 2 by 3, please.【考考你】Every week, Xiao Ying plans to use 180 minutes to practice her listening.According to the table, it takes her _hour(s) to do it on weekdays.Xiao Yings listening planDay.Mon.Tue.Wed.Thu.Fri.Sat.Sun.Min

17、ute202525202040 A.1 B.2 C. 3【即学即练：】(1)用英语读出下列算式： 4+5=9 6*6=36 48-11=37 15/3=5(2)听口令写出算式并得出结果，再用英语表达出算式。_Unit 3 形容词的比较级和最高级常考知识点一 :形容词的比较级和最高级的构成以不发音的e结尾，直接加-r或-st: nicenicernicest largelargerlargest 以辅字母+y结尾的，变y为i，再加-er或-est: easyeasiereasiest happyhappierhappiest 以“辅元辅”结尾的，双写末尾字母，再加-er或-est: bigbig

18、gerbiggest 常见的还有：thin, fat, wet, red, sad hothotterhottest 不规则变化： goodbetterbest many/muchmoremost (好坏多少远老) badworseworst little(少)lessleast farfartherfarthest farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest oldolder/elderoldest/eldest 其他较短的单词，直接在词尾加-er或-est。 smallsmaller shortshorter 对于较长的单词，在其前加more，most即可。po

19、pularmore popularthe most popular deliciousmore deliciousthe most delicious 【中考题】1. This T-shirt is not large enough. Please show me a _one. A. large B. larger C. largest 2. She is the _ (good) student in her class.注意：下列词为易错， fewfewer newnewernewest clevercleverer tiredmore tired pleasedmore pleased

20、常考知识点二 :含有比较级的句型结构A is .than B: A比B更. The earth is bigger than the moon.A do sth .than B: A比B更. He works harder than us. 【中考题】China has become much_(strong)than before. We are proud of her.Which/ Who is ., A or B? “A和B哪个/谁更.?”. and . “越来越.” When spring comes, the days are getting longer and longer.m

21、ore and more. “越来越.” The song is becoming more and more popular.【中考题】Many people prefer travel by plane. They think a plane is faster and _(safe)than a train.the.,the. “越.就越.” The busier he is, the happier he feels. The more you have, the more you want.【中考题】-Can you tell me why you learn English so

22、well? -Its very simple. _you work, _grades you will get. A. The harder, the best B. The hard, the better C. Harder, Better D. The harder, the better常考知识点三：比较级的修饰语 当强调比较级的程度时，可以在形容词(或副词)的前面使用much, a little, a lot, even, still等。注意：quiet, so, very, enough这些词后面不能接比较级。只能接原级。 It is much colder today than

23、yesterday. My apple is a little bigger than yours.【中考题】The first computers were built in the 1940s. They were even _(big)than cars.使用形容词比较级时的三个注意事项(易错点)：比较的对象前后要保持一致。 ()The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. ()The population of Shanghai is larger than Beijing.避免将主语包含在比较对象中。 ()Chi

24、na is bigger than any country in Africa. ()China is bigger than any other country in Africa.避免重复使用比较级： ()He is cleverer than his brother. ()He is more cleverer than his brother.【中考题】Tom is _(tall)than any other players in the school team. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. more taller常考知识点四：形容词最高级的用法 形

25、容词最高级用于三者及以上的比较，表示在一定范围内“最.”。范围通常用in/of/among.来表达。形容词的常考句型：A is the. in . He is the tallest in his class. 或A is the. of . He is the tallest of the three boys. 或A is the. among . He is the tallest among the three boys.【中考题】Breakfast is _meal of the day. It provides us with energy after a long night w

26、ithout food. A. important B. more important C. the most important D. very importantA is one of the最高级+复数名词 A是最.的之一。 Jay Chou is one of the most popular singers in Taiwan. China is one of the largest countries in the world.【中考题】-What do you think of the film you saw yesterday? -Oh! Its one of _films

27、Ive ever seen. A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interestingA is the first 最高级+复数名词 A是第一最.的. The Changjiang River is the first longest river in our country.【中考题】印度是世界上第二人口大国。 India has the_ _ population in the world.Which/Who is the., A, B or C? A, B 和C，哪个/谁最.? Which

28、 is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon? Who is the thinnest, Kate, Tom or Mike?Unit 4形容词和副词的原级用法句型肯定句中常用“as +原级形容词或副词+ as”的结构，表示“和一样”。 E.g. Tom is as tall as you. E.g. My sister runs as fast as I do.在否定结构中既可以用“asas结构，也可以用soas结构，表亦“不如”。 E.g. He isnt as/so tall as you. E.g. He cannot run so/as fast as you.（3）如果第一个as后的形容词作定语修饰名词，则要根据情况使用如下结构： A. as +adj.+ a/an +n.（可数）+ as B. as +adj.+n.（复数）+asC. as +adj.+n.（不可数）+as E.g. I have as many books as he. E.g. He is as g