江西中考英语专项复习之定语从句和有关习题无答案.docx

1、江西中考英语专项复习之定语从句和有关习题无答案2020年江西中考英语专项复习之三定语从句及有关习题教学目标：1.掌握定语从句的用法。2.定语从句的灵活运用。教学内容：定语从句专题一、什么是定语从句？理解定语从句的含义，首先要明确什么是定语，我们通过小活动来发现总结。小活动：先翻译一个简单的句子，发现定语的存在。 女孩儿 girl 漂亮的女孩儿 beautiful girl 好多漂亮的女孩儿 many beautiful girls 好多漂亮又聪明的女孩儿 many beautiful and smart girls1.通过翻译进行总结定语的含义：漂亮的beautiful，好多漂亮的many b

2、eautiful，好多漂亮又聪明的many beautiful and smart，这些形容词都是对名词，女孩儿girl的修饰，用来说明女孩儿的数量及所具备的特征。这类词我们称之为定语，定语的作用就是解释、说明名词或代词。2.定语从句：简单理解，即用一个句子来修饰、说明或解释主句中的定语，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。3.拓展：关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词，一般起到引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中担当一个成分等三个作用。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词：where, when, why等。二

3、、定语从句的类型（一）关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1) the boys who are playing football are from class one.(2) yesterday i helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.li is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2)Mr.Wang is just the boy whom i want to see. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用

4、who代替，可省略。(3) the man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1) football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) this is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5) the number of the people that/who come to

5、visit the city each year rises one million.(6) where is the woman that/whom i saw this morning?5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) he has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3) the classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(

6、4) the classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) do you like the book whose cover is yellow?(6) do you like the book the color of which is yellow? （二）介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导(1) the school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) the school in whi

7、ch he once studied is very famous.(3) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.(4) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5) well go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.(6) well go to hear the famous singer about whom we ha

8、ve often talked.注意：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等(1) this is the watch which/that i am looking for. (t)(2) this is the watch for which i am looking. (f)2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose(1) the man with whom you talked is my friend. (t)

9、(2) the man who/that you talked with is my friend. (f)(3) the plane in which we flew to canada is very comfortable. (t)(4) the plane in that we flew in to canada is very comfortable. (f)3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词(1) he loved his parents deeply, both of

10、whom are very kind to him.(2) in the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3) there are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.解答介词+关系代词 类型的定语从句题时，关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动词（该动词是不及物动词）习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。这就需要同学们在平时学习时要注重某些不及物动词和介词惯用的情形，并要灵活运用。例如：in the dark s

11、treet, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom简析:本题定语从句中的turn 与介词 to 构成固定短语turn to sb. for help (向某人求助）。所以，d是正确选项。（三)关系副词引导的定语从句1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1) i still remember the day when i first came to the school.(2) the time when we got together fi

12、nally came.2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1) shanghai is the city where i was born.(2) the house where i lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1) please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) i dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替

13、换(1) the reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) from the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3) great changes have taken place in the city in which/where i was born.关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构

14、交替使用，例如： there are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 beijing is the place where (in which) i was born. 北京是我的出生地。 is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 三.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句举例：(1) the teacher told me that tom was the only person that i c

15、ould depend on.(2) china is a country which has a long history. 非限制性定语从句举例：(1) his mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) china, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 要注意区分以下几个句子的不同(1) his brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）(2) his brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college. 他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）难点分析 （一）限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况1当先行词是anything, everything,