版英语高考大一轮复习备考译林版江苏讲义Book 8.docx

1、版英语高考大一轮复习备考译林版江苏讲义Book 8.核心必记单词1.universal adj.共同的，普遍的，全体的，全世界的2.cast vt.&vi.选派角色；投射(光、影)；向投以(视线、笑容)3.stubborn adj.固执的，顽固的4.condemn vt.判刑，宣判；指责，谴责5.disturbing adj.令人不安的；引起恐慌的disturb vt.打扰，扰乱disturbed adj.心烦意乱的，烦恼的6.unwilling adj.不情愿，不愿意；勉强的，无奈的7.demand vt.强烈要求；需要；n.要求；需求demanding adj.要求高的，苛求的8.evid

2、ent adj.清楚的，显然的evidently adv.明显地，显然地evidence n.证据，根据9.scold vt.训斥，责骂10.merciful adj.仁慈的，慈悲的，宽大为怀的mercifully adv.仁慈地；宽恕地；宽容地mercy n.仁慈；宽恕；宽容11.collection n.作品集；收藏品；一批(人或物品)；取走collect vt.收集，收藏12.tendency n.倾向，偏好；趋势，趋向tend vi.往往，趋向；vt.照看13.gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的；平缓的，不陡的gradually adv.渐渐地，逐渐地14.decline n.衰落

3、，衰败；减少；下降；vi.&vt.衰落，下降；婉言谢绝15.seek vt.&vi.试图，设法；寻找，寻求16.prejudice n.偏见，成见；vt.使怀有(或形成)偏见prejudiced adj.有偏见的，有成见的；偏颇的，偏心的.阅读识记单词17.awesome adj.极好的；令人惊叹的，令人敬畏的18.dare vt.& vi.& aux.敢于，胆敢19.seize vt.逮捕，捉拿；抓住，捉住；夺取，攻占20.dawn n.黎明，拂晓；开端，萌芽21.deadline n.最后期限，截止日期22.unite vt.&vi.联合，团结；统一23.grand adj.宏大的，壮丽的

4、，堂皇的，隆重的24.broken adj.破损的，受伤的；中止了的；不连续的25.unemployment n.失业26.symphony n.交响乐，交响曲27.bachelor n.单身汉，未婚男子；学士28.folk adj.民间的，民俗的；n.人们；亲属(尤指父母)29.chart n.图表；海图；vt.记录；制订；绘制(地图)30.root n.起源，起因；根，根茎31.slavery n.奴隶身份；奴隶制slave n.奴隶32.format n.形式；格式；版式33.trend n.趋势，动向34.discrimination n.歧视，区别对待；辨别力，鉴赏力discrimi

5、nate vi.& vt.歧视；区分35.scream vi.尖叫，高声喊；呼啸；n.尖叫，尖锐刺耳的声音语境活用用所给词的正确形式填空1.Now we have the most direct evidence(evident) yet that he is right.2.It houses a diverse collection(collect) of more than 2,300 examples of European art ranging from 13th-century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir a

6、nd Van Gogh.3.Cinemas have gradually(gradual) given way to the rise of the Internet and cellphones，and the ticket price is on the increase.(2017江苏)4.Some think that a womans body cells have a tendency(tend) to age more slowly than a mans.5.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphe

7、re where his employees(employ) enjoy their work.6.The research on the new flu virus vaccine is challenging and demanding(demand).Who do you think can do the job?7.In the past，white people tended to be prejudiced(prejudice) against black people just because of their races.8. Sorry to disturb you，but

8、the noise in your room is too disturbing.(disturb)9.The merciful(mercy) king saved him from death. 10.Music has been called the universal(universe) language.1.be set in以为背景2.be condemned to sth.被处以某种刑罚3.ask for sb.hand in marriage(向女方)求婚4.fall in love相爱，坠入爱河5.at first sight初次见面；乍一看6.spring up突然兴起，迅速

9、出现7.go crazy变得疯狂8.break up分手；解散；破裂；离婚语境活用用上述黑体短语的正确形式填空1.The question seemed easy at first sight，but when we tried to answer it，we discovered how difficult it was.2.Modern middle schools like mushrooms have sprung up in China recently.3.The novel to be published in October is set in France in the ea

10、rly 19th century.4.The man was found guilty of murder，and he was condemned to death.5.The first time they met，they fell in love with each other.6.Their marriage broke up because her husband didnt have a job and did nothing all day.1.to后省略动词However，although he would like to，he cannot break his promis

11、e and must allow Turandot to do as she wishes.但是，虽然他很想收回这一承诺，但又不能食言，只能让图兰朵按照自己的意愿行事。2.before引导的状语从句Unfortunately，Puccini died of a heart attack before he completed this final scene，and it had to be completed by one of his former students，Franco Alfano.不幸的是，普契尼还没有完成最后一幕就因心脏病发作去世了，这一幕不得不由他以前的一名学生法兰高阿法

12、奴来完成。句式仿写1.司机想把车停在路边，但是警察提醒他不可以。The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.2.不等我说一句话，她就冲出了房间。Before I could say a word，she had rushed out of the room.1.“名词动词”复合名词(1)butterfly蝴蝶(2)heartbeat心跳(3)daybreak 黎明；破晓(4)headache 头痛2.-ery后缀名词(1)slavery奴隶身份；奴隶制(2)robb

13、ery抢劫(3)bakery面包房，糕饼店(4)bravery勇敢(5)scenery风景，景色，风光3.“副词动词”复合名词(1)output产量，输出量；输出(2)overlook忽略；俯视(3)outbreak 爆发(4)underwear内衣(5)outcome结果，后果4.sight短语集锦(1)in/within sight 看得见；在望(2)out of sight 看不见(3)catch sight of 看见(4)at first sight 乍一看；初见(5)at the sight of看到5.“goadj.”短语小结(1)go mad 发疯(2)go hungry挨饿(

14、3)go bad 变质(4)go wrong(机器等)发生故障(5)go crazy 变得疯狂，发疯 cast v.选派角色；投射；投掷；抛cast down使沮丧cast a vote投票cast light on使明白，使清楚cast a look/glance at看一眼(1)The chairman asked the members to cast their votes for or against the proposal.主席叫成员投票赞成或反对这个提议。(2)His diary cast light on life in England in the seventeenth

15、century.他的日记使人们了解了17世纪英格兰的生活情况。(3)Casting a look/glance at me，he went on reading the letter.他看了我一眼，又继续看信。(4)When he knew the disappointing result of the exam，he seemed quite .A.cast down B.of cautionC.in vain D.in good condition答案A解析句意为：当他知道了这一令人失望的考试成绩时，他好像很沮丧。cast down沮丧，灰心；of caution谨慎；in vain徒劳；

16、 in good condition状况好。根据题意选A。 condemn v.谴责；指责；宣判；迫使某人陷于不幸的境地condemn sb.for.因而指责某人be condemned to.被判处be condemned to do.注定要做；使某人接受不好的某事物(1)She knew that society would condemn her for leaving her children.她知道社会会谴责她不管孩子。(2)He was found guilty and condemned to death.他被判有罪并被判处死刑。(3)As an old person，one i

17、s often condemned to live alone.老年人常出于无奈而独自生活。 demand vi.&vt.强烈要求，请求n.要求，需求拓展词：demanding adj.苛求的；要求高的；吃力的(1)demand to do.要求做demand that.(should) do.要求(2)in demand需求meet/satisfy ones demand满足某人的要求(1)He found he could no longer cope with this demanding job.他发现他再也无法应对这份艰巨的工作了。(2)What did David demand i

18、n the meeting just now? a chance to join the Debating Club.A.Being offeredB.Having been offeredC.To be offeredD.To have been offered答案C解析句意为：戴维在刚才的会议上有什么要求吗？(他要求)给他机会参加辩论社。答语部分是省略形式，完整的回答应该是：He demanded to be offered a chance to join the Debating Club.，故选C。易错点拨demand作动词时，后可接名词、不定式和从句作宾语，但不可跟sb.to do

19、结构；后接that从句时，从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”；作名词引导表语从句或同位语从句时，从句中也用虚拟语气。 decline n.衰落；衰败；减少；下降v.衰落；减少；下降；婉言谢绝(1)a decline in在方面下降in decline/on the decline在衰退中，走下坡路(2)decline to do.拒绝做(1)Last year saw a decline in the effective demand for steel.去年，钢铁的实际需求下降了。(2)Howard has declined to come and in that ca

20、se we can ask somebody else.霍华德已经谢绝不会来了，既然如此，我们可以请别人。(3)Britain is a “second-rate power” which has been for a centuryyet London remains the most influential city in the world.A.in decline B.in effectC.on the move D.on the rise答案A解析句意为：英国是一个二流强国，一个世纪以来它一直在衰退，但是伦敦还是世界上最有影响力的城市。in decline衰退，在下降；in effe

21、ct有效；on the move在行进中；on the rise在上升。易错点拨(1)decline后可接不定式作宾语，一般不接动名词。(2)decline表示“谢绝”时，已含有“拒绝接受”之意，所以其后一般不接to accept，以免语义重复。 seeksought，sought vt.&vi.试图，设法；征询，寻求；探索，探寻seek to do sth.试图做某事seek for/after sth.寻找/追求seek out挑选；找出seek ones fortune碰运气；寻找致富之路(1)Local schools are seeking to reduce the drop-ou

22、t rate.当地学校正在设法降低辍学率。(2)Your lives are busy enough doing homework，playing sports，making friends，seeking after your dreams.你的生活足够忙碌：做家庭作业，运动，交朋友，追求梦想。(3)He decided to go abroad to seek/try his fortune.他决定到国外去碰碰运气。 break up 分散；拆散；驱散；关系等破裂；放学；散会break down出故障；失败；垮掉；分解break out战争、火灾等爆发；突然开始doingbreak thr

23、ough取得突破；克服break into闯入；插话；突然起来break away from脱离用上述短语的正确形式填空(1)When I told her my story，the girl broke into tears.(2)Scientists say theyre beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.(3)Her health broke down under the pressure of work.(4)Statistics show that in the first quarter of the ye

24、ar the divorce rate is 14.6 percent.This means about 5,166 families in China every day.A.break down B.break awayC.break out D.break up答案D解析根据上句推断应该是指“家庭的破裂、解体”。break up破裂，破碎，符合句意。break down出故障，身体垮了； break away摆脱，逃离； break out(战争，灾难的)爆发。 However，although he would like to，he cannot break his promise a

25、nd must allow Turandot to do as she wishes.但是，虽然他很想收回这一承诺，但又不能食言，只能让图兰朵按照自己的意愿行事。为了避免重复，to后的内容常承前省略只保留to即可。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动词have或be的任何形式，后应该保留原形have或be。(1)Will you go home tomorrow evening?No，Im going to a lecture，or at least Im planning to(正计划去).(2)You came late last night.You ought to have finished

26、your homework.I know I ought to have(本应该完成). Unfortunately，Puccini died of a heart attack before he completed this final scene，and it had to be completed by one of his former students，Franco Alfano.不幸的是，普契尼还没有完成最后一幕就因心脏病发作去世了，这一幕不得不由他以前的一名学生法兰高阿法奴来完成。(1)句中before引导了一个时间状语从句，表示“在之前”。除此之外，还可以表示“(之后)才；不

27、久就；不等就；以免”。(2)句型归纳：It wont be.before.用不了多长时间就会(before从句用一般现在时)It will be.before.得过多久才(before从句用一般现在时)It wasnt.before.没过多长时间就(before从句用一般过去时)It was.before.过了多长时间才(before从句用一般过去时)(1)It wasnt long before he told me about the affair.没过多久他就把这件事告诉了我。(2)How long do you expect it before the African can keep

28、 the disease under control?As soon as possible.A.is B.has beenC.will be D.will have been答案C解析考查动词的时态。句意为：你估计要过多久非洲才能控制住这种疾病？尽快吧。It will be.before.是一个固定句型，意为“得过多久才”。.教材与任务型阅读，每空一词From the blues to popEarly jazzOriginComing from the blues，the folk songs of American black 1.slaves.One of the fathersLou

29、is Armstrong,2.different from most musicians，could change the music he was playing to reflect his feelings at the time.CharacteristicsIt is faster and livelier. The player has the ability to 3.adapt the music while playing it.From R & B to rock and rollWith traditional jazz 4.declining gradually，R &

30、 B took its place.R & B bined the fast pace of many kinds of jazz with the older blues sound.Rock and roll became popular during the early 1950s.Big Joe TurnerAfter 6.turning to R & B from jazz，he recorded “Shake，Rattle and Roll”.Billy Haley and the CometsThe band recorded “Rock Around the Clock”，which became the number one hit of 1955,7.making rock music popular around the world.Sam PhilipsTo bring rock music to white audiences，he had to use white singers，thus making Elvis Presley “the King of Rock and Roll”.1960s pop musicThe BeatlesBeing the 8.sup