高中英语八大时态总结及习题.docx

1、高中英语八大时态总结及习题 高中英语八大时态全套精讲英语共有十六种时态，其表现形式如下(以study为例)：时态 一般时进行时完成时完成进行时现在studybe studyinghave studiedhave been studying过去studiedbe studyinghad studiedhad been studying将来will studywill be studyingwill have studiedwill have been studying过去将来would studywould be studyingwould have studiedwould have been

2、 studying.1 一般现在时的用法1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。 时间状语： every, sometimes,at, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：

3、Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I dont want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是

4、进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。二. 构成及变化1、be动词的变化肯定句：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。 如：-Are you a student?-Yes. I am. / No, Im not.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?2、行为动词的变化当主语为第一，二人称及复数时，助动词为do肯定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)。如：We often pl

5、ay basketball after school.否定句：主语+ dont+动词原形(+其它)。如：we dont play basketball after school.一般疑问句：Do +主语+动词原形+其它?如： Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we dont.特殊疑问句：疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句?如： What do you often do after school ?当主语为第三人称单数时 ,助动词为does肯定句：主语+动词三单式(+其它)。如： He swims well.

6、否定句：主语+ doesnt+动词原形(+其它)。如：He doesnt swim well.一般疑问句：Does +主语+动词原形+其它。如：Does he swim well ?Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+以does开头的一般疑问句?如： How does your father go to work?三、第三人称单数的动词变化规则(只有在第三人称为主语的肯定句中，动词才用三单式)(1)多数动词直接加s:runs gets likes collets takes plays climbs.(2)结尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前为辅

7、音字母,结尾加es :watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixes brushes(3)动词末尾y前为辅音:将y改为i加es:studystudies flyflies carrycarries crycries但在y前如果为元音则直接加s:buys says2 一般过去时的用法 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 yesterday morning (afternoon, evening)last night (week, mo

8、nth, year),a moment ago , a week ago, three years agojust now,等。 Where did you go just now?2) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型，本身表示的就是过去时。例：The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.（老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上，看着其他的人，一坐

9、就是数个小时，什么也不干，也不和任何人交谈。）He used to visit his mother once a week.（他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。）3) 有时可代替一般现在时，表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。情态动词 could, would.例：I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?（我想向您借车用一用，可以吗？）Would you mind my sitting here?（您介意我坐在这里吗？）典型例题- Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it.- Its 6956

10、8442. A. didntB. couldntC. dontD. cant答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看 出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。二、构成及变化1. Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasnt)are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=werent)带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。2.行为动词在一般过去时中的变化：肯定句 ： 主语 + 动词的过去式 .I w

11、atched a film last Sunday .否定句 ： 主语+ didnt + 动词原形.I didnt watch a film last Sunday .一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 ?Did you watch a film last Sunday ? Yes, I did . No , I didnt .特殊疑问句：疑问词+ 以did 开头的一般疑问句 ?What did you do last Sunday ?3、现在进行时( be doing)一、意义当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。时间标志now，句前的look ,listen二、构成:be (am

12、, is ,are )+动词现在分词-ing形式肯定句： 主语 + be + 现在分词V-ing (+ 其他)Im doing my homework now .否定句：主语+be+not+动词-ing +其他.Im not doing my homework now.一般疑问句：Be+主语+动词-ing +其他?Are you doing your home work now?Yes, I am . No , Im not .特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词-ing+其他?What are you doing now ?三、现在分词的构成：(1)一般在动词末尾直接加ing,(2)以不

13、发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加ing，如 skate skating make making dance dancing write writing have havingride riding come coming(3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词，中间只有一个元音字母，词尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing, 如： putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping joggingsitting getting forgetting letting四、现在进行时的基本用法：a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的

14、事情。 We are waiting for you.b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel.(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)C. 表示计划或安排好了的将来动作，常与一个表示将来的时间状语连用 Mike is coming home on Thursday. 迈克星期四回来d. 与always, constantly, forever,often 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind.典型

15、例题 My dictionary _, I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it.A. has lost, dont find B. is missing, dont findC. has lost, havent found D. is missing, havent found. 4 过去进行时(was/were doing) 1）概念：过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。3) 常用的时间状语this morn

16、ing, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.典型例题1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes2) As she _ the newspap

17、er, Granny _ asleep. read； was fallingB. was reading； fellC. was reading； was fallingD. read；fell一、过去进行时结构：was/were + 动词的现在分词否定句则在was/were后加一个not,疑问句将was/were提前则可。如：He was reading a book at 5:00pm yesterday. He was not reading a book at 5:00 yesterday.Was he reading a book at 5:00 yesterday? (Yes, h

18、e was./ No, he wasnt.)What was he doing at 5:00 yesterday?二、过去进行时用法：1. 过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，常和表示过去的状语连用。如： （just）then 那时，当时 at this/that time 在这/那时 yesterday afternoon昨天下午 at nine 在九点 last night 昨晚 （at）this time yesterday在昨天这个时候 但在不少情况下，没有表示时间的状语，这时需要通过上下文来表示。 What were you doing at nine last nigh

19、t? 昨晚九点的时候，你在做什么？ I was watching TV at home yesterday afternoon. 我昨天下午正在家里看电视。 They were playing football at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候他们在踢足球。2.过去进行时也可以表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作。常与those days, the whole morning, from 8:00 to 12:00 last night等时间状语连用。（1）From 1983 to 1998 , he was teaching at Yale . 从1983到1998年

20、，他正在耶鲁大学教书。（2）They were building a bridge last winter . 去年冬天他们正在造一座桥。 (3) He was writing a book those days. 那几天他正在写一本书3.过去进行时与频度副词always forever， continually， constantly等连用时表示过去经常反复的动作，常常带有埋怨、讨厌、赞扬或喜爱等情绪。 My sister was always forgetting things.(表示埋怨) He was always helping others. (表示赞扬)4. 过去进行时表示过去将

21、要发生的动作。现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，同样，过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时看来将要发生的动作，常用在间接引语中。 She asked him if he was coming back for lunch. 她问他午饭是否准备回来吃。5、过去进行时和一般过去时的区别。（1）过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，而一般过去时则表示一个完成的动作。也就是说用一般过去时，只表示有过这件事；用过去进行时，则强调动作的连续性。 I wrote a letter this morning. 今天上午我写了一封信。（信写完了）I was writing a letter this morning. 今

22、天上午我在写一封信。（信不一定写完）(2) 表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be， like， love， hate， fear， own， hear， see， know， want， notice)可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。如：I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。(3) 一般过去时与always， constantly， forever， continually等连用，表示“过去经常性、习惯性的动作”;而过去进行时与always， constantly， fo

23、rever， continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情色彩。如：He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。7下面几种情况不用一般过去时而要用过去进行时：(1). 表示过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯动作时。如：Tom was getting up at six oclock every day that week. 汤姆那一周里每天都是六点钟起床。(2). 与always连用表示赞美，厌烦等感情色彩时。如：John was always coming to schoo

24、l late. 约翰上学总是迟到。Lei Feng was always doing good deeds for the people. 雷锋总是为人民做好事。(4) when作并列连词，表示“(这时)突然”之意时，第一个并列分句用过去进行时，when引导的并列分句用一般过去时。如：I was taking a walk when I met him. 我正在散步，突然遇见了他。We were playing outside when it began to rain. 我们正在外边玩，这时下起雨来了。(5) go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词可用过去进行时表

25、示过去将来的含义。如：I was leaving for Wuhan that day. 那天我正要去武汉。She was coming later. 她随后就来。三、when, while 的用法 when和while与过去进行时有着密切的关系，他们作从属连词时都有“当.时候”之意，用法稍有不同：1when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是短暂性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词只能是延续性动词。2when引导的从句谓语动词如果是短暂性动词则用一般过去时，主句是延续性动词则用过去进行时，从句动作发生在主句动作的时间段之内（长动作用过去进行时，短动作用一般过去

26、时）；如果主句和从句两个谓语动词都是延续性动词则全部用过去进行时,这时when和while都可以用。3when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；while和as从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。4when +短/延while +延when和while两个词还可以用作并列连词，但意思不同，when相当于“在那时”，等于at that time或just then;而while则相当于“而；却；但是”；相当于but,表示对比关系。（这一点暂时可以不掌握）eg. I was playing computer games when my father got home.

27、= When my father got home,I was playing computer games. (2) Mother was cooking when/while I was doing my homework. = When/While I was doing my homework, mother was cooking.过去进行时巩固练习：（聪明的你一定能全部做对）1Simon _ (make) a model plane at 8:00 a.m.2Peter _(do) his homework at seven last night.3They _ (watch) a

28、 football match from 7:00 to 9:00 last night.4He _(try) to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.5What book _ you _(read) when I _ (see)you at four yesterday afternoon?6While she _ (watch) TV, her son _ (play) outside the room.7It _ (begin) to rain while we _(work) in the field.8I _ (do) my ho

29、mework last night when the light _ (go) out. go out 意为熄灭9I saw you in the reading room yesterday , Tom. What were you doing?-Oh, I _ (read) some books on science.10. Girls _(dance) while boys _(sing) at the party. 11.- Did you see Tim just now? - Yes. He _ (fish) by the river.12.When the teacher _ (

30、come) into the classroom, the students _（laugh）loudly.5一般将来时 一、意义：表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作。时间标志：tomorrow , soon ,next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening 二. 构成及变化：一般将来时常用的两种结构be going to+动词原形 : 表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。shall/will+动词原形 : 表示将要发生的动作或情况，没有太多的计划性, 还用来表示意愿 be going to +动词原形肯定句 主语+be(am /,is,/ are) going to +动词原形+其它成份My sister