初中英语被动语态讲解与练习64148.docx

1、初中英语被动语态讲解与练习64148初中被动语态语法讲解(一)语态分类英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。(二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。不同时态的被动语态，列表如下：一般现在时：am/is/are+d

2、one一般过去时：was/were+done一般将来时：shall/will+bedone一般过去将来时：should/would+bedone现在进行时：am/is/are+being+done过去进行时：was/were+being+done现在完成时：have/has+been+done过去完成时：had+been+done将来完成时：shall/will+havebeen+done过去将来完成时：should/would+havebeen+done注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态1.一般现在时：(1)Peoplegrowriceinthesou

3、thofthecountry.Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.(2)Theschooldoesntallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.2.一般过去时：(1)Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.(2)Thestudentsdidntforgethi

4、slessonseasily.Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten3.一般将来时：(1)Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Carswillbesentabroadbysea.(2)Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.4.过去将来时：(1)Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecom

5、pletedbytheendoftheyear.(2)Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.5.现在进行时：(1)TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.(2)Wearepaintingtherooms.Theroomsarebeingpainted.6.过去进行时：(1)Theworkerswer

6、emendingtheroad.Theroadwasbeingmended.(2)Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.7.现在完成时：(1)Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.(2)Hehasbroughthisbookhere.Hisbookhasbeenbroughthere.8.过去完成时：(1)WhenIgottothe

7、theatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.(2)Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader(四）含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。(1)Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.Yourcompositionsmustbehan

8、dedinafterclass.(2)Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.(五)被动语态的使用1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。“Mr.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动

9、作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in+名词作状语，而代替by短语。ThesecarsweremadeinChina.(六)主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.主语谓语宾语Iwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.主语谓语宾语（2）Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.Aspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupintheschool.1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be

10、+过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地名词作状语。(七)语态转换时所注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态点名词，在被动语态中用in+地点时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。Myunc

11、legavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.注意：1.一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。(1)Thebookwasshowedtotheclass.(2)Mybikewaslenttoher.2.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用

12、介词for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。(1)Anewskirtwasmadeforme.(2)Themeatwascookedforus.(3)Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有：不及物动词+介词，如:agreeto,askfor,laughat,operatedon,listento,lookafter,th

13、inkof,talkabout等。(1)Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.(2)Theproblemissolved.Itneedntbetalkedabout.及物动词+副词：如：bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turndown,workout,turnout等。(1)Hisrequestwasturneddown.(2)Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather4.带复

14、合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：(1)Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.(2)Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不

15、存在省略to的问题。Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.5.当主动句的主语是nobody,noone等含有否定意义的不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：Nobodycananswerthisquestion.误：Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody.正：Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.6.当否定句中的宾语是anything,anybody,anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为

16、nothing,nobody,noone作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：Theyhaventdoneanythingtomaketheriverclean.误：Anythinghasntbeendonetomaketheriverclean.正：Nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean.7.以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用bywhom放在句首：Whowrotethestory?误：Whowasthestorywritten?正：Bywhomwasthestorywritten?8.有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well,badly,e

17、asily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：(1)Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。(2)Thenewproductsellswell.这新产品很畅销。对比：Thebookssellwell.(主动句)Thebooksweresoldout.(被动句)Themeatdidntcookwell.(主动句)Themeatwascookedforalongtime.(被动句)9.下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义

18、，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。(1)Doyoulikethematerial?Yes,itfeelsverysoft.误：Itisfeltverysoft.(2)Thefoodtastesdelicious.误：Thefoodistasteddelicious.(3)Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.误：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.第二，谓语是及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。如：(1)Heenteredtheroomandgoth

19、isbook.误：Theroomwasenteredandhisbookwasgot.(2)Shehadherhandburned.误：Herhandwashadburned.第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto等。如：Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.误：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。Whenwe

20、gottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.误：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.误：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：ItaughtmyselfEnglish.误：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.Weloveeachother.误：Eachotherisloved.10.在汉语中，有一类

21、句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：据说 Itissaidthat据报导 Itisreportedthat据推测 Itissupposedthat希望 Itishopedthat众所周知 Itiswellknownthat普遍认为 Itisgenerallyconsideredthat有人建议 Itissuggestedthat(1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.(2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.初中被动语态练习题()1.ThePeoplesRepu

22、blicofChina_onOctober1,1949.A.found B.wasfounded C.isfounded D.wasfound()2.English_inCanada.A.speaks B.arespoken C.isspeaking D.isspoken()3.ThisEnglishsong_bythegirlsafterclass. A.oftensingsB.oftensang C.isoftensang D.isoftensung()4.Thiskindofcar_inJapan. A,makes B.made C.ismaking D.ismade()5.Newcom

23、puters_allovertheworld. A.isused B.areusing C.areused D.haveused()6.Ourroommust_clean. A.keep B.bekept C.tobekept D.tokeep()7.-Idliketobuythatcoat.-Imsorry._.A.itsold B.itsselling C.Itsbeensold D.ithadbeensold()8.Anewhouse_atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuilding B.isbeingbuilt C.beenbuilt D.bebuilding()9.

24、Thekey_onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleft B.willbeleft C.isleft D.hasbeenleft()10.Doctors_ineverypartoftheworld. A.needB.areneeding C.areneeded D.willneed()11.Hisnewbook_nextmonth.A.willbepublished B.ispublishingC.isbeingpublished D.hasbeenpublished()12.Japanese_ineverycountry. A.isnotspoken B.arespoken

25、 C.isspeaking D.isnotspeaking()13.Thesepapers_yet.A.havenotwritten B.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwritten D.hasnotbeenwritten()14.Thesportsmeet_behelduntilnextweek.A.didnt B.wont C.isnt D.doesnt()15.-Myshoesarewornout.A.Canttheybemended? B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost? D.Canttheymended?()16._

26、thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit. A.Does B.Has C.Is D.Are()17._thesedesksbeneeded?A.Will B.Are C.Has D.Do()18.Why_totalkaboutityesterday?A.didntameetinghold B.wasntameetingheldC.wasntheldameeting D.ameetingwasntheld()19.Whowasthebook_?A.write B.wrote C.written D.writtenby()20.Where_theseboxesmad

27、e? A.was B.were C.is D.am()21.Theflowers_often. A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()22.Thebooksmay_fortwoweeks.A.bekept B.beborrowed C.keep D.borrow()23.Thebrokenbike_herebyMrSmith.A.canmend B.canmended C.canbemend D.canbemend()24.Theoldbridgeinmyhometown_nextmonth.A.isgoingtobereb

28、uilt B.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuilt D.aregoingtorebuilt()25.Theplay_atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshown B.willshown C.willshow D.isshown()26.Theoldstonebridge_nextweekA.isgoingtoberebuilt B.willberebuild C.aregoingtoberebuilt D.willrebuild()27.Nowthesemagazines_inthelibraryforalongtime.A.h

29、avekept B.arekeeping C.havebeenkeeping D.havebeenkept()28.Thepot_for_hotwaterA.used;keeping B.wasused;keeping C.isused;tokeep D.areused;keep()29.Tea_inthesouthofChina.A.grows B.isgrown C.weregrown D.willgrow()30.Thebridges_twoyearsago.A.isbuilt B.built C.werebuilt D.wasbuilt()31.Wetclothesareoften_u

30、pnearafireinrainyweatherA.hang B.hanged C.hanging D.hung()32.Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust_dirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrow B.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrow D.stopfromthrowing()33.Theteapot_waterA.isfilledwith B.filledof C.fullingof D.filled()34.Oldpeoplemustbelookedafterwelland_politely.A.speakto B.spoken C.speak D.spokento()35.Oldpeoplemust_.A.lookafterwell B.belookedwellafter C.lookedwellafter D.belookedafterwell()36.Newly-bornbabies_inhospital.A.aretakengoodcare B.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareof D.takegoodcare()37.Theywere_atthesudden