动词不定式巩固提升复习有答案.docx

1、动词不定式巩固提升复习有答案动词不定式动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”有时可以不带to，否定式：not + (to) do。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，可以担任主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式仍保留动词的一些特点。一、不定式的句法功能：（1）作主语： To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败。 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的

2、主语不定式置于句后，上面两句可用如下形式： _ _常用句式有：1、It+be+名词+to do。2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。3、It+be+形容词+of/for sb +to do。（1） 如果句中的形容词表示人物特征或品质，常同of搭配构成“It is + 形容词of代词（名词）不定式”句型。如： bold ，brave, careful, careless, considerate, cruel, rude, generous, :right，wrong, kind，nice，good，polite，clever，wise， foolish, silly等

3、。（2）表示事物性质的形容词如easy, difficult, hard, important, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, necessary常同for 搭配。1. Sometimes C to place physics and chemistry into separate categories. A. that is difficult B. is difficult C. it is difficult D. that it is difficult2. The teachers dont know A to start and ru

4、n a school. A. what it takes B. what they take C. what does it take D. what takes3. It is wise A the experiment that way.A. of him to do B. for him to do C. of his doing D. that he do（2）作表语： 1主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是结果），如： To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. To do that would be to c

5、ut the foot to fit the shoe.2主语是以aim, duty, hope, dream, idea, intention, purpose, mistake, plan, proposal, job, suggestion 等为中心词的名词词组，或以 what 引导的名词性从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容，如： My idea is to climb the mountain from the north. Your mistake was not to write that letter. My suggestion is to start work at once.

6、 What I would suggest is to start work at once. 注：在某些句型中，当主语部分有动作动词do 时，作表语的不定式可以省略符号 “to”，如： All we have to do is push the button. The only thing I can do now is go on by myself. All I could do was send him a telegram.1. My dream is an outstanding architect after graduation. A. to becoming B. becom

7、e C. becoming D. to become（3）作宾语： 1“动词 + 带 to 的不定式结构”。这类动词常见的有：afford, agree, arrange, ask, choose, decide, demand, desire, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, continue, try, start, forget, mean, intend, begin, 等，例如： Ive arranged to meet him

8、at ten oclock. I didnt expect to find you here.注 ：如果作宾语的不定式结构有自己的补语，则应使用先行 it，把不定式后置，例如： I find it difficult to understand him. We thought it wrong not to help her. They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.2“动词 + 疑问词 + 带 to 的不定式结构”。（这种不定式结构接近一个名词从句）。这类动词常见的有：tell, advise, show, teach

9、, find out, decide, discuss, learn, forget, inquire, know, explain, remember, see, understand, wonder 等。 疑问词（也称连接代/副词）有：what, where, who(m), when, how, whether, which（why 除外），如： I dont know what to do / where to go / who(m) to ask / when to stop / how to get there. I havent decided whether to sell i

10、t or not.We must find out what to do next / where to put it.3“介词+不定式结构”。不定式结构一般不可作介词宾语, 只有在个别场合, 即在含有否定意义的带有介词 except 和but的结构中才能这样用，例如：He seldom comes except to look at my pictures. The child did nothing except weep. She can do anything but sing.前面有do，后面省to。如：They did nothing but complain. 他们老是一个劲地抱

11、怨。_除了看电视，他从不干任何事。I could do nothing except agree. 我除了同意，没有别的办法。She was willing to do anything except tell me her mane. 她怎么都行，就是不肯把她的名字告诉我。前面没do，后面带to。如：Nothing remains but to die. 除了死，没有别的办法。_除了等，我没有别的选择。It had no effect except to make him angry. 除惹他生气外，没产生任何效果。I can do nothing for them except to se

12、nd them money. 我除了给他们寄钱以外，什么也不能帮他们。1. The Homestead Act of 1862 B to acquire land at a small cost. A. made possible B. made it possible C. made the possibility D. possibly made2. I have no choice but_C_his order to finish my task ahead of time. A. obey B. obeying C. to obey D. obeyed3. Sandy could d

13、o nothing but _A_ to his teacher that he was wrong. A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit4. She pretended _A_ me when I passed by. A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen（4）作宾语补足语： 1带to的不定式作宾补 a可以用带to的不定式作宾补的动词常用的有ask, tell, order, invite, beg, get, allow, wish, want, en

14、courage, advise, warn等。例如： The teacher asked us to finish our homework老师叫我们完成家庭作业。 She wanted him to sing for her friends她想让他为她的朋友唱歌。 The policeman told the boys not to play in the street警察告诉孩子们别在街上玩耍。 b在动词think，believe，know，find， understand，take等之后，作宾补的不定式多由“to be adj”构成。例如： They find the Chinese p

15、eople to be happy and cheerful他们发现中国人都很幸福快乐。 He believed the earth to be a globe他相信大地是个球体。 c在某些短语后也可跟带to的不定式作宾补。这类动词短语常见的有：wait for，call on，depend on，care for，long for等。例如： The crocodile waited for the monkey to come down again鳄鱼等着猴子再下来。 The chairman called on Mr Brown to speak主席请布朗先生讲话。 I shouldnt

16、care for that man to be my doctor我不要那人给我看病。 2不带to的不定式作宾补 动词不定式在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。例如： Please listen to me sing the song again请听我把这首歌再唱一遍。 You cant let the boy stand in the sun你不能让那孩子

17、站在太阳底下。 They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree.注意：感官动词后既可跟省略to的不定式作宾补，也可跟现在分词作宾补。其区别是：前者强调动作的全过程或经常性；后者则强调动作在进行（片断）。试比较： I heard her sing我听见她唱了歌。 I heard her singing我听见她在唱歌。 3带to或不带to的不定式作宾补 在动词help后可以跟带to的不定式作宾补，也可以跟不带to的不定式作宾补。例如： He often helps me（to）clean the r

18、oom他经常帮助我打扫房间。 1. The teacher had the students A their homework every day. A. do B. to do C. done D. doing2. I remember _C_him _the bike needed _. A. hearing, saying, to repair B. to hear, say, to repair C. hearing, say, to be repaired D. to hear, saying, repairing3. Mrs Smith warned her daughter _A

19、_ after drinking. A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive（5）作定语： 动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系： 主谓关系被修饰的名词或代词实际上是不定式的逻辑主语。如：We need someone to help with the work. （someone will help with the work） 由only, last, next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词，常用不定式作定语，此时被修饰名词与不定式之间是一种逻辑意义上的主谓关系。

20、Mr. Zhang is always the first man to arrive at the office and the last man to leave. I dont think he is the best one to do the work.动宾关系被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语。如：I have a meeting to attend. 我有一个会议要出席。注意：不定式为不及物动词时，应有必要的介词，如： He found a good house to live in. 他找到了一个居住的好房子。 The child has nothing to worry

21、 about. 这个孩子无忧无虑。同位关系不定式与所修饰的名词指的是一回事。如：We have made a plan to learn from Lei Feng. 我们制定了一个向雷锋学习的计划。He has got a chance to go abroad.注意：不定式作定语且所修饰的名词是time，place或way时，不定式后的介词一般要省去。如：He had no money and no place to live.他没有钱也没有地方住。 不定式作定语可表将来。如： The problem to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is a ve

22、ry difficult one.1. I got out some more chairs for the other guests B . A. to sit B. to sit on C. sit on D. sit2. He was the first B and the last . A. arriving, leaving B. to arrive, to leave C. arrive, leave D. for arriving, fo leaving3. My grandfather seems to have a lot _D_. A.worry about B.to wo

23、rrying about C.to be worried D.to worry about4. The play C next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced（6）作状语： 1、表目的： He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。 She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 她卖掉了自

24、己的头发来买那条表链。 注意:不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致： wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. right：To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. 为了学好英语，他需要一本词典。 为了强调表示目的的不定式结构，特别是在不定式结构前有否定词 not 时，通常可以在不定式符号 to 之前加上 in order 或 so as，如： He came here in order to see Charlie. He shouted and waved so as to

25、 be noticed.表示目的的不定式可以置于句首，这也是区别于其他功能的标志之一。但是，置于句首表示目的的不定式之前可以加上in order，但却不可以加上so as2、表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反的结果 意料之外)： 常放在just, only后 He arrived late only to find the train had gone. 他来晚了，只见火车已经走了。 I visited him only to find him out. 我去拜访他，只见他出去了。 不定式结构表示结果更常见于下列句型： so as to Would you be so kind as to lend

26、 me your bicycle / tell me the time? such () as to Im not such a fool as to believe that. enough to The boy is old enough to go to school. too to His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.3、表原因：常放在形容词后面 （不定式所表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作） She wept to hear the news. I pretend to be happy to know him. He l

27、aughed to see such fun. She seemed surprised to meet us. 4、 表条件To look at him, you would like him.1. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _C_ a look at the sports stars.A. had B. having C. to have D. have2. He was too excited _B_. A. speak B. to speak C. not

28、to speak D. speaking3. That box is_ A _. A. too heavy for me to carry B. too heavy for me to carry it C. so heavy for me to carry D. very heavy for me to carry（7）作独立成分常用的短语有：to be frank坦白地说、needless to say 不用说、to be brief 简而言之、to be exact 精确的说、to be frank with you老实对你说 、to be plain 老实说 、to put it st

29、raight直截了当、to bring the story short长话短说、to return to my subject言归正传、to change the subject换一个话题、to use his own words用自己的话说、to make matter worse更糟的是、to give him his due公正地说、strange to say奇怪地说、to say nothing of姑且不讲、 二、不定式的时态语态：主 动被 动一般式to doto be done进行式to be doing/完成式to have doneto have been done（1）一般

30、式：不定式一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后. 例如： Im nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你。 He seems to know a lot. 他看起来懂得很多。 We plan to pay a visit. 我们计划花钱去参观。 He wants to be an artist. 他想成为一个艺术家。 The patient asked to be operated on at once. 病人要求马上手术。 The teacher ordered the work to be done. 老师要求完成工作。 （2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如： The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装工作得很努力。 He seems to be reading in his room. 看起来他正在他的房间里面读书。 （3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：