高三英语大一轮复习课件语法专题《专题8主谓一致和特殊句式》.docx

1、高三英语大一轮复习课件语法专题专题8主谓一致和特殊句式语法专题专题八栏目索引主谓一致的考查要点倒装句的考查要点强调句的考查要点省略句的考查要点注意事项语法与写作语法填空主谓一致的考查要点1就近一致原贝|(1)由onot only.but also, neithen.nor., either.on., whethem，notbut等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语 在数上保持一致。Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.here/there引导一个句子

2、而主语又不止一个时，通常根据就 近原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。Here is a ruler, a few pencils and two copybooks2意义一致原则（1）谓语动词必须用单数的情况表示学科的名词以及works（工厂），news（消息）等作主语时, 虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义时，谓语动词仍用单 Mr数。Politics is his favorite subject表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语 时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语 动词用单数。Do you know when the United Nati

3、ons was set up?(2)谓语动词必须用复数的情况表示总称意义的名词，如people, police, public, cattle等作 主语时，谓语动词用复数。The police are searching for the murderer.(3)谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定集体名词，女口 family , class , group , team , club , company, government, population等作主语时,谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义, 强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组 成部分，强调个体

4、概念时，谓语动词用复数。As far as I know, his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers.1 =“the+形容词份词”表示“一类人”时，谓语动词用复 数。The poor were looked down upon in the old days.3 语法一致原则(1)由and连接的两个名词作主语a/the+名词单数+and+名词单数”表示一个人(双重身The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.2“a/the+名词单数+a

5、nd+a/the+名词单数”表示两个人，谓语 动词用复数。The teacher and the poet have just arrived.3“every+名词单数+and+every+名词单数”表示每一个人， 谓语动词用单数。Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in ourcountry.作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Bread and butter is not to his taste.(2)表示时间、数量.长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。Is fifty p

6、ounds enough?“分数/百分数+ of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定，如果名词是可数名词复数，谓语 动词用复数形式；如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词, 谓语动词用单数形式。Two-thirds of the books are about science.Only 30% of the work was done yesterday.题组训练1语法填空l.The writer and translator (be) delivering a speechisin our school now.2.He or I (be) to go3. (ba)mot

7、only the students but also their teacherrequired to attend the meeting?4Ten years is (be) a moment in history.5.A third of his compositions (have) beenhave corrected.6The unknown (be) always something to be feared.is倒装句的考查要点1.全部倒装(1)在There be/seem/appear/live/stand/lie/fly/exist/remain等存在句中. Look, t

8、heres that bookshop I was telling you about.表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, out等置于句首，主语是名词而不是代词时, 用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。There goes the phone. Ill answer it.(3)such作表语置于句首时oSuch was Albert Einstein, a simple man but the 20th century，s greatest scientist.(4)直接引语的全部或部分位于句

9、首时。If you die, who will get your money? ” asked Holmes.(5)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。In the center of the square stands a monument.(6)为平衡句子结构，或使上下文衔接紧密，而将作表语 的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，引起倒装。Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.2部分倒装在下列几种情况下，只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在 主语之前，构成部分倒装。(l)little, ne

10、ver, not, seldom, neither, nor, hardly, rarely , by no means , at no time , under no circumstances, in no case等表示否定意义的单词或短语 位于句首时。Little does he care about what others think.(2)在notuntil,no sooner.than.,scarcely/hardly.when., not only.but also,neithei“noi;等句式中。Neither does he drink nor smoke.当only修饰

11、副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。Only then did I find I had made a mistake.在so/such.that从句中，当so +形容词/副词或such+名 词位于句首时。So exhausted was she that she wanted to have a rest.(5)当表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“so/as+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”,表示“ 也是”Times have changed and so have I.(6)当neither, noi位于句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用aneithe

12、r/nor+be动词/助动词/情 态动词+主语”,表示“也不”They couldn t understand it at that time, and nor could we.主语前面。Had it not been for your help, we shouldnt have achieved so much.(8)as和though引导的让步状语从句。Try as she might, Sue couldn t get the door open.(9) “may+动词原形”表示祝愿，通常把may置于句首，构成倒装语序。May you succeed!题组训练21. Successf

13、ul as he is （他虽然（as）成功），he is not proud.did he realize （他才2Only when he reached the teahouse意识到）it was the same place he d been in last year.3.It s nice.Never before（我以前从没喝过这么特别的饮斜脚d such a special drinkI m glad you like it.4.（猫跳起来）and caught the mouse.5.Not until he finished his work did he $）humQ

14、（他才回家）强调句的考查要点1 使用助动词do, does和did对谓语动词进行强调。First impressions really do count.2 运用强调句型来强调除谓语动词以外的其他句子成分。强调句型的基本句型结构为：Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状 语、表语、同位语等成分。在复习强调句型时，要注意以 下几个方面：在强调句型中，当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时，无论被强调的 主语是单数还是复数，主句中的谓语动词都要用单数形式It is/was.,同时，that从句中的谓语动词要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。It is m

15、y parents that/who often help me get out of trouble.(2)当对地点状语、时间状语或其他状语从句进行强调时，只能用 连接词that,而不能用where, when, why或how等。It was on August &2008 that the 29th Summer Olympic Games were opened in Beijing.(3)强调句型的疑问句在强调句中，无论被强调部分是什么句子成分，变为一般疑 问句时，都须将主句改为疑问语序，即将“It is/was +被强 调部分+that+其他成分”改为66Is/Was it+被强调

16、部分+that +其他成分？ ”或疑问词+is/was it that+其他成分？ ” 结构。Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy? When was it that she changed her mind?在对n otamtil结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句 进行强调时，要将句中的not移至until之前，构成：It is/定形式，而且不再釆用倒装语序。I didn t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glas

17、ses.=It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.题组训练3l.Was it on a lonely island that （是在_个荒凉的岛上）he was saved one month after the boat went down?2. 11IS聞hr蝶蠱枷，喘蔭撕谢斛翻牆情注入 爱）benefits our work most.3.Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?（这Of cour

18、se, I have. 部电影是在我们村里制作出来的）.It was in our village that it was made5.4Jf you have a job, do devote yourself to it （务必全身心 地投入到工作中）and finally you 11 succeed.（不是我们偶尔做齒卸闇腮盘訓閑隸consistently.省略句的考查要点1状语从句中的省略由when, while, if, as if, although/though, as, untilf once, whether, unless, where等引导的状语从句中，如果其谓语动 词

19、为be,而主语与主句的主语相同时，则从句的主语和be可省 略；或从句的主语为it,谓语动词为be时，也可省略从句中的 it 和 be。When (I am) in trouble, I always turn to my classmates for help.If (it is) possible, this machine can be fixed at once.2不定式的省略单独使用不定式符号to代替不定式后被省略的动词，常用 在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like，love, mean, prefer, refuse, try,

20、want, wish等词后；或放在表情绪的词后，代替被省略的动词，常见词有：glad,happy, pleased等；但是，如果不定式中含有be, have,Will you please look after my house when I m away?I m glad to.Are you a sailor?No. But I used to be.Your work hasn t been handed in, but it ought to have been.3 常考的几个省略形式if ever, if any, if not better/worse/taller.thano4.

21、并列句中的省略并列句中的两个对等句里的动词相同时，后者的动词可 以省略。He is going to Hong Kong, but his brother (is going) toAmerica.My room is on the third floor and his, on the fifth.题组训练4l.Jane won t join us for dinner tonight and（汤姆也不想加入）either（ i i i i i i i i i i2.1t sounds like something is wrong with the car s engine. （如果这样的

22、话），we d better take it to the garageimmediately.seen it before.What a strange plant4.While walking along the street （当沿着大街走的时候），I heard my name called.5.1 asked him to see the film, but （他不想去）he didnt want to注意事项1如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时,从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。He asked me who it was that took his umbrel

23、la by mistake.2强调句型结构中的反意疑问句式。在强调句型结构中，其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主 句It is/was保持一致。It is Mary not you who wants to ask me about that matter, isn t it?3强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用o在高考试题中，为了增加试题的难度，命题人常将强调句型 与定语从句混合起来，使句子结构更加复杂。我们要注意从 语法角度来分析句子，理清结构“强调句型与定语从句”。It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her.4强调句型

24、与时间状语从句的辨析。当用强调句型强调时间状语时，去掉“it is/was”和连词 that,原句仍然完整；而在时间状语从句中，若去掉“it is/was和连词when/before99,原句不完整。It was at 14： 28 that the terrible earthquake broke out（强 调句型）It was 14： 28 when the terrible earthquake broke out.（状语 从句）语法与写作 根据提示翻译下面的句子1只有这种方式他们才能长大独立，变得真正成功。（使用only放句首引起的倒装句）（2013-福建书面表达）Only in

25、this way can they grow up to be independent and become truly successful.Not until then did I realize words could be powerful in both positive and negative ways.3如果你需要更多的信息，务必也让我知道。（do放在祈使 句前表强调） （2013新课标全国II 书面表达）Also, do let me know if you need further information.4它不仅让我们接近自然，让我们从繁重的学业中得到放松,同样还促进了我

26、们之间的友谊。（not only放句首引起的倒装句）（2013-江西书面表达）Not only did it get us close to nature and give us relaxationfrom heavy schoolwork, it also promoted the friendship 黑琴得很好，在中间自豪地挥舞着（使用省略句）（2013-福建书面表达）The son, well dressed, waves proudly in the middle语法填空A young boy named John lived in an orphanage along withs

27、everal other children. Christmas was one day of the year1. the children did not work and received a gift.This giftrare and special gift.Christmas Day finally came.The child阻n entered the big dining hall.Because of 3 oversized shoes,John suddenly fell down.The master shouted 4. (immediate), John, lea

28、ve the hall and&iere will be no 詔 i I I I I immediatelyorange for you this year. John turned and went rapidly back to his cold room 5. crying (cry)aThen he heard the door open and each of the children entered.Little Elizabeth held out something to John.She said, This is for you, John. Then he realiz

29、ed what they had done.6. each had given awaytheir own orange by sharing a quarteyand had created a far 7. (big) orange for John.biggerJohn never 8 forgot (forget) the sharing and love his friends showed him that Christmas Day.Later after many years，hard work, he was rewarded with success andwealth.9. every year he would send oranges all over the SiftietfQ3tfildren everywhere in memory of that day.His desire was that no child would ever spend Christmas10. a special Christmas fruit!without