中考英语所给词的适当形式填空.docx

1、中考英语所给词的适当形式填空 如何做用所给词的适当形式填空 用所给词的适当形式填空是中考常见的试题类型之一，旨在考查学生的英语基础知识和综合运用英语的能力。解此类型的试题可遵循以下步骤：1.明确所给词的词性 2.弄清所给句子的意思 3.确定空白处所需的词性 4.正确写出所填的词用所给词的适当形式填空主要考查以下词类：一. 对名词的考查1.考查名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(1).名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(规则变化)一般情况下直接在单数名词之后加-s变为复数名词。例如：deskdesks, keykeys, monkeymonkeys, boyboys等以-x,-s,-ch,-sh,结尾的单数

2、名词变为复数名词时，在单数名词之后加-es。例如：foxfoxes, bossbosses, busbuses, classclasses, dressdresses, witnesswitnesses, addressaddresses, beachbeaches, coachcoaches, couchcouches,inchinches,sandwichsanwiches, churchchurches,watchwatches,matchmatches,speechspeeches,witchwitches,dishdishes,brushbrushes,goldfishgoldfis

3、h, fishfishes, toothbrushtoothbrushes等。以o结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，在单数名词之后加-s的有：zoozoos,radioradios,photophotos,pianopianos,kilokilos, mangomangos,bamboobamboos,kangarookangaroos。加-es有：tomatotomatoes, potatopotatoes, dodododoes/s,heroheroes。以辅音字母+y结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，先变y为i，再加-es。例如：familyfamilies,ladyladies,babybib

4、ies,copycopies,bodybodies,centurycenturies,diarydiaries,dictionarydictionaries,factoryfactories,librarylibaries,batterybatteries, documentrydocumentries,buddybuddies,abilityabilities,countrycountries,butterflybutterflies,enemyenemies,memorymemories, balconybalconies,laboratorylaboratrories,beautybea

5、uties, charitycharities,comedycomedies,industryindustries, quallityquallities,replyreplies,difficultydifficulties, theropytheropies, mysterymysteries, hobbyhobbies,storystories,citycities,laundrylaundries,activityactivities等。以f或 fe结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，先变f或 fe为v，再加-es。例如：halfhalves, knifeknives,wifewives,l

6、eafleaves, shelfshelves,herselfthemseves,scalfscalfs/scalves,wolfwolves等。考例1：2005年镇江市 Look! There are some _ (bird) flying in the sky.分析：所给的词bird是可数名词的单数形式，根据主谓一致可知，应填名词的复数形式，bird的复数形式是birds，因此应填birds.考例2：2005年泰州市 Your present is in one of the _. Can you guess? (box)分析：所给的词box是可数名词的单数形式，根据习惯表达 “one

7、of the +可数名词复数”可知，应填名词的复数形式，box的复数形式是boxes，因此应填boxes。考例3：2004年淮安市 Newspaper reports say that some more _ (country) have become E.U.(欧盟)members this year.分析：所给的词country是可数名词的单数形式，根据主谓一致可知,应用可数名词的复数形式，因此应填countries。考例4：2003年济南市 The earthquake rocked the cities in the north of Algeria. Many people lost

8、 their _. (life)分析：所给的词life是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意可知，应用名词的复数形式，life的复数形式为lives，因此应填lives。(2).名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(不规则变化)footfeet,toothteeth,childchildren,manmen,womanwomen, policemanpolicemen,policewomanpolicewomen, FrenchmanFrenchmen,snowmansnowmen,businessman businessmen,EnglishmanEnglishmen,gentlemangentlemen,

9、 salesmansalesmen, mousemice/mouses(鼠标),sheepsheep, ChineseChinese, JapaneseJapanese, fishfish等。考例1：2004年无锡市 Its good for us to brush our _ (tooth) after meals.分析：所给的词tooth是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意可知，应用名词的复数形式，而tooth的复数形式是不规则的，为teeth，因此应填teeth。2.考查名词的所有格考例1：2005年泰州市 Chocolate is usually _ favourite food. (chi

10、ld)分析：所给的词child是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意“巧可力是孩子们最喜爱的食物”可知，所填的词在句中作定语，应用复数名词的所有格作定语，child的复数形式的所有格为childrens，因此应填childrens。考例2：2005年淮安市 Tomorrow is _ (father) Day. What will you do for your dad?分析：所给的词father是可数名词的单数形式，根据句意可知，“父亲节”为Fathers Day,因此应填Fathers。注意：母亲节为Mothers Day,妇女节为Womens Day,儿童节为Childrens Day,教师节为

11、Teachers Day。3.考查名词转换成形容词名词转换成形容词有以下几种情况：(1).名词+y 形容词 例如：rainrainy,windwindy,cloudcloudy,sunsunny,snowsnowy,fogfoggy,mistmisty,healthhealthy,lucklucky,unluckunlucky,noisenoisy,fun funny,thirstthirsty等。(2).名词+ful形容词 例如：carecareful, thankthankful,helphelpful,useuseful,wonderwonderful,colourcolourful,p

12、ainpainful,successsuccessful等。(3).名词+n形容词 例如：AmericaAmerican, RussiaRussian,IndiaIndian, AustraliaAustralian, CanadaCanadian,ItalyItalian等。(4).名词+ ern形容词 例如：easteastern,westwestern,northnorthern,southsouthern等。(5).名词 +ous形容词 例如:dangerdangerous,famefamous等。注意：friendfriendly,woolwoolen,differencediffe

13、rent,difficultydifficult,importanceimportant,prideproud,personpersonal,safetysafe,confidenceconfident等。考例1：2005年镇江市 What a _ (rain) day! We have to stay at home.分析：所给的词rain在此处应理解为名词，根据句意可知，所填的词在句中作定语，修饰day，应用形容词，rain的形容词为rainy，因此应填rainy。 考例2：2005年徐州市 Too much homework is really _ (pain) to students.

14、分析：所给的词pain为名词，根据句意可知，所填的词在句中作表语，应用形容词，pain的形容词为 painful，即应填painful。4.考查名词变为副词successsuccessfully,carecarefully,carecarelessly,healthhealthily,noisenoisily等。考例：2005年泰州市 They played so _ that they lost the football match. (care)分析：所给的词care在此处应理解为名词，根据句意可知，所填的词在句中作状语，修饰played，应用副词，care的副词为carefully,即应

15、填carefully。二对数词的考查1.考查基数词转换成序数词基数词变为序数词时,一般情况下在基数词之后加-th。例如：four fourth但是，特殊的基数词变为序数词可用以下口诀来帮助记忆：一、二、三单独记，八去t,九去e,五和十二记仔细，f来把ve替，ty变成 tie，后面再加th。即：onefirst,twosecond,threethird,eight eighth,nineninth,fivefifth,twelvetwelfth,twenty twentieth,thirtythirtieth,fortyfortieth,fiftyfiftieth,sixtysixtieth,s

16、eventyseventieth,eighty eightieth,ninetyninetieth等。考例1：2005年镇江市 The _ (eight) lesson is not so easy as the ninth lesson, I think.分析：所给的词eight为基数词,根据习惯表达“第八课”应用序数词，eight的序数词为 eighth,即应填eighth。 考例2：2005年扬州市We will have the _ celebration for the return of Hong Kong. (nine)分析：(略)应填ninth。考例3：2005年泰州市The

17、students from America live on the _ floor. (nine)分析：(略)应填ninth。考例4：2005年徐州市Liu Xiang got the _ (one) in his competition of the 2004Olympic Games.分析：(略)应填first。2. 考查分数词 考例：2005年淮安市 Two _ (three) of the boys in my class are in the school football team.分析：所给的词three是基数词，根据句意可知，本题是考查分数词的表达，分子用基数词表示，分母用序数

18、词表示。当分子大于1时，表示分母的序数词应用复数形式，因此应用three的序数词third的复数形式thirds,即应填thirds。三对代词的考查1.考查人称代词主宾格之间的转换中考中不常出现。2.考查物主代词之间的转换 考例：2005年宿迁市 Yesterday I was doing some shopping in the supermarket when I met a friend of _ (my).分析：所给的词my为形容词性物主代词，根据句意可知，应用名词性物主代词作介词of的宾语，即应填my的名词性物主代词 mine。3.考查人称代词转换成自身代词考例1：2005年泰州市T

19、he clever girl could teach _ English when she was ten. (she)分析：所给的词she为人称代词主格，根据习惯表达teach oneself sth.可知，应用自身代词作宾语，即应填she的自身代词herself。考例2：2005年常州市 Thanks to space satellites, the world _ (it) is becoming a much smaller place.分析：所给的词it为人称代词，根据句意可知，应用自身代词作主语的同位语，即应填it 的自身代词itself。4. 考查人称代词转换成物主代词考例1：2

20、005年镇江市 My schoolbag is different from _ (he). Mine is newer.分析：所给的词he为人称代词主格，根据句意可知，应用名词性物主代词作介词from的宾语，即应填his。考例2：2005年扬州市 Our way of learning English is a lot better than _. (they)分析：(略)应填theirs。考例3：2005年淮安市 _ (we) city, Huaian ,is Zhou Enlans hometown. We are proud of him.分析：(略)应填Our。考例4：2005年徐州

21、市 This is my dictionary. Where is _ (you)?分析：(略)应填yours。四对形容词的考查1.考查形容词的比较级/最高级(1).形容词比较级/最高级的规则变化一般单音节的形容词在词尾加-er/-est 例如：blackblacker/est,brightbrighter/est此外还有：cheap, clear, clean, clever, cold, cool, dear, dark, deep, fast, few,full,great,green,hard,high,kind,light,long,low,near,new,old,poor,qui

22、ck,quiet,rich,short,slow,small,steep,strong,sweet,tall,thick,yellow,young, warm, weak等。以字母e结尾的形容词，只须在词尾加-r/-st。例如：blue bluer/st, largelarger/st 此外还有：able, huge, late, nice, fine, free, white, wide, simple, safe, strange, polite, purple等。以重读闭音节结尾的形容词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，要先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er/-est。例如：bigbigger/est,

23、fatfatter/est此外还有：dim, red, thin, sad, wet, hot, glad等。以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，先把y变为i，再加-er/-est。例如：angryangrier/est, easyeasier/est此外还有：busy, happy, heavy, empty, noisy, lucky, hungry, dirty, early, ready, sunny, windy, lazy, tidy, healthy, rainy, snowy, dry, unhappy, unlucky, pretty等。多音节形容词和部分双音节形容词以及由分词转化来

24、的形容词，须在词前加more/most。例如：beautifulmore/most beautiful,tired more/most tired此外还有：careful, interesting, difficult, different, dangerous, expensive, famous, important, interested, helpful, modern, useful, wonderful, worried, amazing, boring, serious等。有些形容词的比较级和最高级的构成，既可以在词为加-er/est，又可以在词前加more/most。例如：cl

25、ever, common, polite, quiet, peasant, simple等。(2).形容词比较级/最高级的不规则变化badworseworst goodbetterbest much/manymoremost littlelessleast考例1：2005年镇江市 Our team was much _ (strong) than theirs. We won the game at last.分析：所给的词strong为形容词，根据句意可知，应用形容词的比较级，即应填strong 的比较级stronger。考例2：2005年扬州市 The more exercise you

26、take, the _ youll be. (health)分析：(略)应填healthier。考例3：2005年泰州市 Houses in some cities now are much _ than before. (expensive)分析：(略)应填more expensive。2.考查形容词转换成副词形容词+ly副词 badbadly,brightbrightly,certaincertainly,carefulcarefully,carelesscarelessly,clearclearly, cleancleanly,loudloudly,politepolitely,quic

27、kquickly,quietquietly,realreally,sadsadly,safesafelyslowslowly,strongstrongly,usualusually,widewidely,angryangrily,heavyheavily,easyeasily,happyhappily,silentsilently,luckyluckily,suddensuddenly,busybusilyexactexactly,neatneatly,noisynoisily,successfulsuccessfully,terribleterribly,truetruly,等。注意：ear

28、lyearly,fastfast,goodwell等。考例：2005年扬州市Be careful, or you wont work out the physics problem _.(easy)分析：所给的词easy为形容词，根据句意可知，应用副词修饰动词work out，因此应填easy的副词 easily。3.考查形容词转换成名词参见“名词转换为形容词”注意：illillness foreignforeigner highheight truetruth 考例：2005年南京市When he saw the boy was in danger, Edison rushed out an

29、d carried him to _ (safe).分析：所给的词safe为形容词，根据句意可知，应用名词作介词to的宾语，即应填safe的名词 safety。五对副词的考查1.考查副词的比较级/最高级(1).副词比较级/最高级的规则变化一般单音节的副词在词尾加-er/-est 例如：fastfaster/est,hardharder/est,longlonger/est,loudlouder/est,highhigher/est,soonsonner/est注意：earlyearlier/est多音节副词和部分双音节副词，须在词前加more/most。例如：angrilymore/most

30、angrily 此外还有：quietly,quickly,sadly, slowly,widely,suddenly,happily,politly,clearly,often,carefully, carelessly,luckily等。(2).副词比较级/最高级的不规则变化wellbetterbest, badlyworseworst,farfartherfurther/farthestfurthest考例：2005年南京市 Mike and I started to learn painting at the same time, but now he can paint much _ (good) than I.分析：所给的词good为形容词，根据句意可知，应用副词的比较级，即应填good的副词 well的比较better。2.考查副词转换成形容词中考中不常出现。六对动词的考查1.考查动词转换成名词动词转换成名词常见的有：(1).动词+er名词 workworker,teachteacher,keepkeeper,paintpainter,sellseller,speakspeaker,waitwaiter,cleancleaner, playplayer, surfsurfer,s