英语完成时态详解及练习.docx

1、英语完成时态详解及练习延续性动词一、延续性动词和非延续性动词的概念英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如：open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, re

2、ach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。二、延续性动词的用法特征1. 延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示“时间段”的状语连用。表示时间段的短语有：for+一段时间（eg: for two years）, since从句（eg: since he came here）, since+时间点名词（eg: since last year）, during the past three years, how long, for a long time等。例：I have learned English since I came here. 自从我来到

3、这儿就学习英语了。2. 延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的“时间点”状语连用。如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.（误）rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示“时间点”，前后显然矛盾。如果要用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等非延续性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.又如以下这段对话：-When did you get to know Jack? 你什么时候认识Jack的？-Two years ago. 两年前。-Then youve kn

4、own each other for more than two years. 也就是说你们俩认识两年多了。-Thats right. 没错。非延续性动词 1. 非延续性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：The train has arrived. 火车到了。Have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗？2. 非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用（只限肯定句）。如：(1) 他死了三年了。误：He has died for three years.正：He has been dead for

5、 three years.正：He died three years ago.正：It is three years since he died.正：Three years has passed since he died.(2) 他来这儿五天了。误：He has come here for five days.正：He has been here for five days.正：He came here five days ago.正：It is five days since he came here.正：Five days has passed since he came here.(1

6、)、(2)句中的die、come为非延续性动词，不能与表示“时间段”的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法：a. 将句中非延续性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例：leavebe away,borrowkeep,buyhave,begin/startbe on,diebe dead,move tolive in,finishbe over,joinbe in/be a member of, open sth.keep sth. open,fall illbe ill,get upbe up,catch a coldhave a col

7、d。b. 将句中表示“时间段”的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。c. 用句型It is+段时间+since.表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。d. 用句型时间+has passed+since.表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。3. 非延续性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示“时间段”的状语连用。如：He hasnt left here since 1986. 从1986年以来他就没离开过这里。I havent heard from my father for two weeks. 我已经两周没收到我父亲的来信了

8、。4. 非延续性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成not+终止性动词+until/till.的句型，意为“直到才”。如：You cant leave here until I arrive. 直到我到了，你才能离开这里。I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight. 今天晚上直到我画完画，我才去睡觉。5. 非延续性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。因为when表示的时间可以是“时间点”（从句谓语动词用非延续性动词），也可以是“时间段”（从句谓语动词用延

9、续性动词）；而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词要用延续性动词。如：When we reached London, it was twelve oclock.（reach为终止性动词）Please look after my daughter while/when we are away.（be away为延续性动词短语）6. 终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用（只限于肯定句）。如：误：How long have you come here?正：How long have you been here?正：When did you come here? 浅谈延续性动词和

10、终止性动词一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, l

11、eave, move, borrow,buy等。二、延续性动词的用法特征1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示段时间的状语连用。表示段时间的短语有：for two years, during/in the past/last three years, since last year, how long等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的点时间状语连用。如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词，而at ei

12、ght表示点时间，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如：-When did you get to know Jack?-Two years ago.-Then youve known each other for more than two years.-Thats right.三、终止性动词的用法特征1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：The train has arrived.火车到

13、了。Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如：(1)他死了三年了。误：He has died for three years.正：He has been dead for three years.正：He died three years ago.正：It is three years since he died.正：Three years has passed since he died.(2)他来这儿五天了。误：He has come here

14、for five days.正：He has been here for five days.正：He came here five days ago.正：It is five days since he came here.正：Five days has passed since he came here.(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示段时间的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法：(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例：leavebe away(from),borrowkeep,buyha

15、ve,begin/startbe on,diebe dead,move tolive in,finish/endbe over,joinbe in/be a member of,open sth.keep sth. open,fall illbe ill,get upbe up, catch a coldhave a cold,close-be closed,open-be open,come to/go to-be in(on,at),wake-be awake,fall asleep/get to sleep-be asleep,turn on sth.-sth. be on , turn off sth.-sth. be off,return/come back/get back/go back-be back,get back（取回）-have back, reach/arrive