1、 ham? 熊掌 bears paw 鱼翅 sharks fin? 燕窝 birds nest2 煮前的准备工作 去骨 boning 例如, 去骨鸭掌? 打鳞? scaling? 例如,去鳞鱼 scaled fish 剥/去皮 skinning 例如,去皮田鸡? skinned frogs 脱壳 shelling 例如,虾仁? shelled shrimps 腌制 pickling? 例如,咸酸菜? pickled vegetables3. 常用刀法及用料形状 (1) 常用刀法 切片? slice? 切丝 shred 切丁 dice? 切柳? fillet? 切碎 mince 捣烂 mash?
2、 酿入 stuff (2) 常用用料形状 肉/ 鱼片sliced meat / fish 或 meat / fish slices? 肉丝 shredded meat 或 pork shreds 肉/鸡丁 diced pork / chicken 或meat / chicken cubes? 肉末 minced meat 肉丸 meat balls? 肉馅 meat filling 4. 中餐菜单翻译法 (1) 直译法。英译时把对应的制作方法译出来,再以该菜的主要原料为中心词。 如:炖牛肉 Stewed Beef (2) 直译加注法。英译时直接按中文菜名译出其意,然后再补充说明其内在含义。 狮
3、子头 Lions Head Pork Meat Balls 全家福 Happy FamilyA combination of shrimps, pork, beef, chicken, lobster and mixed vegetables with brown sauce (3) 意译法。此法可分为三种情况: 1) 原料+with+作料。 以原料为中心词,有时捎带把烹调法也译出,再加上用介词with 或in 与作料构成的短语即可。如: 海米白菜? Chinese Cabbage with Dried Shrimps 鱼香肉丝? Shredded Pork with Garlic Sauce
4、 2) 作料+原料 。 即把作料用作修饰语,放在中心词原料的前面。 咖喱牛肉 Curry Beef? 古老肉? Sweet & Sour Pork 3) 以“实”对“虚”法。即舍去中菜名里的喻义,夸张等说法而用平直,明白的英语译出。 发财好市? Black Moss Cooked with Oysters 彩凤喜迎春 Baked Chicken and Fried Quail Eggs 蚂蚁上树 Vermicelli with Spicy Minced Pork 龙虎凤大烩 Thick Soup of Snake, Cat and Chicken 4) “移花接木”法。借用西方人熟悉并了解的欧
5、洲菜名或主食名来译部分中菜名与少数主食,因为它们之间有许多相似之处。译文地道,通俗易懂,能 收到事半功倍的效果。 烤排骨? Barbecued Spare Ribs? 饺子? Chinese-style Ravioli略有馅的水饺 5) 音译加释义法。先按中文用拼音译出,然后再加以解释性的英译,使英译文保留点“中国味”。包子 BaoziStuffed Bun? 馒头 MantouSteamed Bread 6)“随机应变”法:原料+地名+Style。应用此法可以灵活地处理一些难以对付的地方风味特色菜名。英译出原料名后,再稍加“点拨”就可以大功告成。 广东龙虾 Lobster Cantonese
6、 Style? 麻婆豆腐 Bean Curd Sichuan Style5. 中餐常见的烹调方法 中菜的烹调方法至少有50多种,但大体不离: 煮 (boiling), 煲/炖 (stewing), 烧/焖/烩(braising), 煎(frying), 炒(stir-frying),爆(quick-frying), 炸(deep-frying), 扒(frying and simmering), 煸(sauting),煨 (simmering), 熏(smoking),烤(roasting/barbecuing), 烘(baking), 蒸(steaming), 白灼(scalding)等基本
7、方法。 煮 boiled.? 如 “煮咸牛肉” (Boiled Corned Beef) 煲/炖 stewed.? 如“清炖牛尾” (Stewed Ox Tail in Clear Soup) 烧braised.? 如“红烧牛蹄”? (Braised Ox Trotters in Brown Sauce) 煎(pan-)fried.? 如 “煎明虾” (Fried Prawns) 炒stir-fried? 如“炒鸡丁”? (Stir-Fried Chicken Dices) 爆 quick-fried.? 如“葱爆羊肉” (Quick-fried lamb with Scallion in G
8、inger Sauce) 炸 deep-fried. 如 “炸大虾” (Deep-fried prawns) 扒fried and simmered.? 如“虾子扒海参” (Fried and Simmered Sea Cucumber with Shrimps Roe) 煸sauted .? 如 “干煸鳝鱼” (Sauted Eel Slices) 煨simmered. 如“煨牛肉” (Simmered Beef) 焖 braised? 如 “黄酒焖猪排”? (Braised pork chops in rice wine) 烩 braised 如 “烩鸡丝” (Braised chicke
9、n shreds with peas)? 熏 smoked 如 “熏鱼” (Smoked Fish) 烘 baked? 如 “烘鸽” (Baked Pigeon)? 蒸 steamed 如 “蒸鲜鱼” (Steamed Fresh Fish) 酱/醋 marinated 如 “酱鸡” (Marinated Chicken)? 卤 spicy; stewed in gravy? 如“卤鸭”(Spicy Duck) 涮 instant-boiled?如 “涮羊肉” (Instant-Boiled Mutton Slices) 酿 stuffed 如“酿青椒” (Stuffed Green Pepp
10、er) 烤 roast; barbecued? 如“烤鹅” (Roast Goose) 白灼/微煮 scalded? 如“白灼海虾”(Scalded Prawns) 红烧 braised in brown sauce? 如 “红烧蹄筋” (Braised Pork Tendon in Brown Sauce)? 干烧 in pepper sauce? 如“干烧干贝” (Scallop in Pepper Sauce)? 麻辣 with hot pepper? 如 “麻辣豆腐”(Bean Curd with Hot Pepper / Spice Bean Curd) 酱爆 in bean sau
11、ce? 如“酱爆肉丁” (Diced Pork in Bean Sauce)? 鱼香 in (spicy) garlic sauce? 如“鱼香肉丝” (Shredded Pork in Garlic Sauce)? 糖醋 with sweet and sour sauce 如“糖醋排骨” (Spareribs with Sweet and Sour Sauce) 宫保 with chili and peanuts 如 “宫保鸡丁” (Diced Chicken with Chili and Peanuts) 脆皮 crisp (in spicy sauce) 如 “脆皮鱼” (Crisp F
12、ish) 清蒸 steamed (in clear soup)如 “清蒸桂鱼”(Steamed Mandarin Fish) 清炖 stewed in clear soup? 如 “清炖甲鱼” (Stewed Turtle in Clear Soup) 香酥 crisp fried 如“香酥鸡” (Crisp Fried Chicken)? 焦熘fried in sauce 如“焦熘鱼片” (Fried Fish Slices in Sauce) 甜酸 sweet and sour 如“甜酸肉”(Sweet & Sour Pork)? 胡辣 with pepper and chili 如“胡辣
13、海参” (Sea Slug with Pepper and Chili) 油淋 drip-fried with oil? 如 “油淋兔” (Drip-Fried Rabbit with oil) 干煸 dry-sauted 如“干煸季豆” (Dry-sauted String Beans)? 盐水 boiled in salt water 如“盐水虾”(Boiled Shrimps in Salt Water) 家常 home style? 如“家常豆腐” (Bean Curd Home Style)? 陈皮 with spicy orange peel 如 “陈皮鸡” (Chicken in
14、 Spicy Orange Peel) 回锅 double-sauted 如“回锅肉” (Double-sauted Pork Slices)? 五香 spiced? 如“五香牛肉” (Spiced Beef)? 干炸 dry deep-fried 如“干炸羊肉”(Dry Deep-fried Lamb Breast) 软炸 soft deep-fried 如 “软炸里脊” (Soft-fried Pork Fillet) 酥炸 crisp deep-fried 如“酥炸羊脯” (Crisp Fried Lamb Breast) 砂锅 in casserole? 如“砂锅鱼翅” (Sharks
15、 Fin in Casserole) 锅巴 with sizzling /crispy rice crust 如“锅巴海参” (Sea Slug with Sizzling / Crispy Rice Crust)? 芙蓉 with egg white? 如“芙蓉海参” (Sea Cucumbers with Egg white)? 麻酱 with sesame paste 如“麻酱海参”(Beche-de-mer with Sesame Paste) 三鲜 with two other delicacies 如“三鲜海参” (Sea Cucumbers with Other Two Deli
16、cacies) 醋溜 in distilled grains sauce 如“醋溜鸡片” (Sliced Chicken in Distilled Grains Sauce)? 串烤 skewered 如“串烤羊肉青椒”? (Skewered Mutton with Green Pepper) 铁扒 grilled 如“铁扒乳鸽” (Grilled Baby Pigeon) 烧烤 roast 如“烤乳猪”(Roast Suckling Pig) 凉拌 in soy sauce 如“凉拌海蛰” (Jellyfish in Soy Sauce)? 酸辣 hot and sour 如“酸辣黄瓜” (
17、Hot and Sour Cucumber)? 姜汁 in ginger sauce 如“姜汁扁豆” (Snap Beans in Ginger Sauce)? 蚝油 in oyster sauce 如“蚝油香菇” ( Mushrooms in Oyster Sauce) 蒜泥 with mashed garlic 如“蒜泥胡豆” (Broad Beans with Mashed Garlic) 什锦 mixed; assorted? 如“什锦丝冬粉” (Assorted Shreds with Vermicelli) 茄汁 in tomato sauce? 如“茄汁鸡脯”? (Chicken
18、 Breast in Tomato Sauce) 咖喱 with curry 如“咖喱牛肉” (Fried Beef withy Curry)? 八宝 (stuffed) with eight delicacies? 如 “八宝鸡” (Chicken Stuffed with Eight Delicacies) 葱爆 quick-fried with scallion in ginger sauce? 如 “葱爆羊肉” (Quick-fried Lamb with Scallion in Ginger Sauce) 粉蒸 steamed in rice flour? 如“粉蒸牛肉” (Stea
19、med Beef in Rice Flour)? 奶油 in cream sauce 如 “奶油鱼肚” (Fried Fish Maw in Cream Sauce) 木犀 with scrambled eggs and fungus? 如“木犀肉” (Fried Pork with Scrambled Eggs and Fungus) 醉 liquor-preserved 如 “醉蟹” (Liquor-preserved Crabs) 辣味 in chili sauce? 如“辣味烩虾” (Braised Prawns in Rice Wine) 豆豉 in black bean sauce
20、 如“豆豉桂鱼” (Mandarin Fish in Black Bean Sauce) 黄焖 braised in rice wine 如“黄焖大虾” (Braised Prawns in Rice Wine) 椒盐 with pepper and salt? 如“椒盐排骨” (Spare Ribs with Pepper and Salt) 怪味 multi-flavored 如“怪味鸡” (Multi-flavored Chicken) 中国小吃英文表达 中式早点 烧饼 Clay oven rolls 油条 Fried bread stick 韭菜盒 Fried leek dumplin
21、gs 水饺 Boiled dumplings 蒸饺 Steamed dumplings 馒头 Steamed buns 割包 Steamed sandwich 饭团 Rice and vegetable roll 蛋饼 Egg cakes 皮蛋 100-year egg 咸鸭蛋 Salted duck egg 豆浆 Soybean milk 饭 类 稀饭 Rice porridge 白饭 Plain white rice 油饭 Glutinous oil rice 糯米饭 Glutinous rice 卤肉饭 Braised pork rice 蛋炒饭 Fried rice with egg
22、地瓜粥 Sweet potato congee 面 类 馄饨面 Wonton & noodles 刀削面 Sliced noodles 麻辣面 Spicy hot noodles 麻酱面 Sesame paste noodles 鸭肉面 Duck with noodles 鳝鱼面 Eel noodles 乌龙面 Seafood noodles 榨菜肉丝面 Pork , pickled mustard green noodles 牡蛎细面 Oyster thin noodles 板条 Flat noodles 米粉 Rice noodles 炒米粉 Fried rice noodles
23、冬粉 Green bean noodle 汤 类 鱼丸汤 Fish ball soup 贡丸汤 Meat ball soup 蛋花汤 Egg & vegetable soup 蛤蜊汤 Clams soup 牡蛎汤 Oyster soup 紫菜汤 Seaweed soup 酸辣汤 Sweet & sour soup 馄饨汤 Wonton soup 猪肠汤 Pork intestine soup 肉羹汤 Pork thick soup 鱿鱼汤 Squid soup 花枝羹 Squid thick soup 甜 点 爱玉 Vegetarian gelatin 糖葫芦 Tomatoes on stic
24、ks 长寿桃 Longevity Peaches 芝麻球 Glutinous rice sesame balls 麻花 Hemp flowers 双胞胎 Horse hooves 冰 类 绵绵冰 Mein mein ice 麦角冰 Oatmeal ice 地瓜冰 Sweet potato ice 红豆牛奶冰 Red bean with milk ice 八宝冰 Eight treasures ice 豆花 Tofu pudding 果 汁 甘蔗汁 Sugar cane juice 酸梅汁 Plum juice 杨桃汁 Star fruit juice 青草茶 Herb juice 点 心 牡蛎
25、煎 Oyster omelet 臭豆腐 Stinky tofu (Smelly tofu) 油豆腐 Oily bean curd 麻辣豆腐 Spicy hot bean curd 虾片 Prawn cracker 虾球 Shrimp balls 春卷 Spring rolls 蛋卷 Chicken rolls 碗糕 Salty rice pudding 筒仔米糕 Rice tube pudding 红豆糕 Red bean cake 绿豆糕 Bean paste cake 糯米糕 Glutinous rice cakes 萝卜糕 Fried white radish patty 芋头糕 Tar
26、o cake 肉圆 Taiwanese Meatballs 水晶饺 Pyramid dumplings 肉丸 Rice-meat dumplings 豆干 Dried tofu 其 他 当归鸭 Angelica duck 槟榔 Betel nut 火锅 Hot pot 西餐 (Western Food) 头盘及沙拉类 腌熏三文鱼 Smoked Salmon 腌三文鱼 Marinated Salmon with Lemon and Capers 凯撒沙拉 Caesar Salad 鲜蘑鸡肝批 Chicken Liver Terrine with Morels 奶酪瓤蟹盖 Baked Stuffe
27、d Crab Shell 鲜果海鲜沙拉 Seafood Salad with Fresh Fruit 厨师沙拉 Chefs Salad 金枪鱼沙拉 Tuna Fish Salad 尼斯沙拉 Salad Nicoise 汤类 奶油蘑菇汤 Cream of Mushroom Soup 奶油胡萝卜汤 Cream of Carrot Soup 奶油芦笋汤 Cream of Asparagus Soup 番茄浓汤 Traditional Tomato Soup 海鲜周打汤 Seafood Chowder 法式洋葱汤 French Onion Soup 牛肉清汤 Beef Consomm 匈牙利浓汤 Hungarian Beef Goulash 香浓牛尾汤 Oxtail Soup 意大利蔬菜汤 Minestrone Soup 蔬菜干豆汤 Hearty Lentil Soup 牛油梨冻汤 Chilled Avocado Soup 西班牙番茄冻汤 Gazpacho 禽类 红酒鹅肝 Braised Goose Liver in Red Wine 奶酪火腿鸡排 Chicken Cordon Bleu 烧瓤春鸡卷 Grilled Stuffed Chicken Rolls 红酒烩鸡 Braised Chicken with Red Wine 烤鸡胸酿奶酪蘑菇馅 Baked Chicken Brea
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