初中英语语法系列复习专题动词时态被动语态Word格式.docx

1、三、现在完成时 1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room. 2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for”, “since”表述的一段时间状语连用。He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college. 3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过

2、去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不大。She has cleaned the room.Its very clean now.（此句has cleaned就不能改为cleaned.一是因为cleaned与现状无关，二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到Its这样的一般现在时。）2）汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达，如：I have seen that film.（我看过那部电影了。）但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.（你什么时候看了那部电

3、影？我昨天看的。）不能说：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday. 4.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”.例如：Where is Li Hua? He has gone to the reading-room.She knows a lot about Shanghai.She has been there. 5.短暂动词（即瞬间动词），join, lose, buy, borrow, leave, go, come,

4、arrive, die, marry, finish, complete, begin, start, break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如不能说：He has finished the work for three hours.要翻译“他已完成工作三小时了。”可采用1）“ago法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延续法”：He has been through（with）the work for three hours.3）“since法”：It is/has been three hours sin

5、ce he finished the work.四、现在完成进行时 1.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（或今后还要继续一去）的动作。He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days. 2.凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。五、一般过去时 表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。六、过去进行时 1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）。He was prepar

6、ing his lecture all day yesterday. 2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。They were still working when I left. 3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。I was writing while he was watching TV. 4.表示过去将来动作。He said she was arriving the next day.七、过去完成时 1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all rig

7、ht up till this morning. 2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it. 3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。We had expected that you would be able to win the match.八、一般将来

8、时 一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。有下列一些形式： 1.will/shall do （侧重将来行为，不突出计划安排去做某事） 2.be going to do （主观上打算或客观上可能发生） 3.be doing （按计划将要发生，常和表示最近的将来时间连用） 4.be about to do （按计划即将发生）九、将来完成时 用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和by短语，when,before引起的时间状语连用。We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.时态考点分析1Can I join y

9、our club,dad?You can when you_a bit older.（NMET）A.get B.will get C.are getting D.will have got析：“You can”是将来意，when引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时表将来所以此题答案为A.2Oh,its you!I_you.Ive just had my hair cut and Im wearing new glasses.A.didnt recognizeB.hadnt recognizedC.havent recognizedD.dont recongnize从“Oh,its you!”可知说

10、话时已认出对方。“没有认出”是在此之前为过去情况，所以应选A.3.I dont think Jim saw me;he_into space.A.just stared B.was just staring C.has just stared D.had just stared在空白处应选一个与“saw”相配，能解释Jim didnt see me 这一原因的选项，只有着眼于A、B。若选A不能体观他“当时正在做”某事，故排除A而选B。这样因为“他正在望宇宙天空”所以“未看到我”。4._my glasses?Yes,I saw them on your bed a minute ago.A.Do

11、 you see B.Had you seen C.Would you seeD.Have you seen现在完成时可表过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果，问话人以这样的时态发问可作现焦急的心情。故答案为D。5.You dont need to describe her.I_her several times.A.had met B.have met C.met D.meet答案B。道理同4。6.Do you know our town at all?No,this is the first time I_here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am going根据

12、this/it is the first/second/time sb.has done sth.句型，可定答案为B。又如：This is the second time he has visited the Great Wall.7.I dont really work here.I_until the new secretary arrives.A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out 根据I dont really work here.以及until the

13、new secretary arrives,可知说话人所要做的事是计划安排行为，C、D两个选项都表将来动作，但D非计划安排，C则体现按计划去做，所以此题答案为C。8.Is this raincoat yours?No, mine_ there behind the door.A. is hanging B. has hung C. hangs D. hung此题的“悬挂”是指现状而言，故表过去“挂”的B、D项可排除。C项虽指“现在挂”，但侧重在常规，习惯。为了突出“你所指的那件雨衣不是我的，我的正挂在门后”这一意思，选A是极为合情理的。被动语态一、被动语态的句型 1.常见句式是：主语（受动者）

14、be过去分词（by施动者） 例如：He was scolded by the English teacher. 2.主语get过去分词其它成分The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.注意：使用这种结构不能带有“by施动者” 3.带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为动句，其主语可以是直接宾语，也可以是间接宾语。She lent me a bike.被动：1）I was lent a bike（by her）.2）A bike was lent to me（by her）. 4.情态动词be

15、过去分词This problem must be worked out in half an hour. 5.双重被动式：主语被动式谓语不定式的被动式其它成分例如；These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./The murderer was ordered to be shot.二、主动表示被动的几种情况 1.不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。This knife cuts

16、 well.这把刀好切。These books sell well.这些书好卖。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。Meat wont keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。 2.一些连系动词的主动式形容词。常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out tr

17、ue./Cotton feels soft.注：prove也可用于被动式，如：His answer（was） proved right. 3.不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。常见形容词有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等。The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete i

18、n a year.比较：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.没有形容词时，虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系，但必须用被动式。三、容易误用被动语态的几种情况： 1.I teach myself French.不可变为Myself is taught French.因为反身代词不可作主语。 2.We help each other/one another.不可变为Each other/One another is helped by us.因为相互代词不可作主语。 3.He lost heart.不可变为Heart was

19、lost by him.因为象lose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式。 4.She took part in the sports meet.不能变为The sports meet was taken part in by her.因为象take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表状态动词没有被动语态。被动语态考点分析1.I need one more stamp before my collection_. A.has

20、completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completedcomplete是及物动词，“邮集”是被人完成的，须从表被动意的C、D中选择。又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来，所以此题答案为D。2.Do you like the material? Yes,it_very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt观察题干，空白线后无宾语，可知feel是不及物动词，表“（某物）摸起来”意思,是连系动词，不能用于被动式，也不用进行时。根据此题对话情景，是指某种材料的

21、常规特性，要用一般现在时，不能用过去时，故答案为C。feel作“感觉”、“认为”、“摸”等意时是及物动词，可带宾语，有时态，语态等变化。3Great changes_ in the city, and a lot of factories_.A. have been taken placehave been set upB. have taken placehave been set upC. have taken placehave set upD. were taken placewere set uptake place（发生）是不及物动词，不可用于被动语态，于是可排除A、D，又因set

22、 up（建造）是及物动词，在此题中应该用被动式，故排除C，答案为B。4.Most of the artists_to the party were from South Africa. A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited首先可排除B。因为它不表示“被邀请”。又因D项少引导词who，也应排除。A项who were invited,C项who were being invited,由象invite这类短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作后置定语，故也应排除。因而可定答案为A。5.I dont know the restaura

23、nt,but its_to be quite a good one.（NMET） A.said B.told C.spoken D.talked根据“某人/某物据说”英文句式为“sb/sth.is said”可定答案为A。He is said to be a clever boy.据说他是一个聪明的男孩。6.The police found that the house_and a lot of things_.（NMET）A. has broken intohas been stolenB. has broken intohad been stolen C.has been broken i

24、ntostolen D. had been broken intostolen“房屋被人闯入”，“东西被偷”都是被动语态，故可排除A、B。因C项中的has been broken into不能置于found之后，则答案只能是D。7.I promise that the matter will_. A. be taden care B. be taken care ofC. take care D. take care oftake care of是固定短语，若无of则不可带宾语，只能跟that从句。所以此题答案为B。8.If city noises_from increasing,people

25、_shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A.are not keptwill have to B.are not kepthave to C.do not keepwill have toD.do not keephave to观察题干，第一处必须用被动式，答案只能在A、B中选一。条件句用一般现在时，主句应为一般将来时，故答案为A。9.The Olympic Games,_in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912.（NMET） A.first pla

26、yingB.to be first playedC.first playedD.to be first playing析；要表达“被举行”，只能在B、C中选。B意“将要首次举行”。显然不合in 776 BC这一过去时间，只有C，first played（which was first played）才合用。故答案为C。10.This sentence needs_.A.a improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved初看此题似手A、C皆可，但improvement是元音开头词，其前要用an,故排除。need作实义动词，和require,want一样，

27、后面可跟doing或to be done 表“需要被”意。The door needs/wants/requires painting/to be painted.（这扇门需要漆一下。11.I should very much like to have gone to the party,but I_invited.A.am not B.havent been C.was not D.will not beshould/would like to have done sth.意“本想做某事”，例如：I should like to have seen the film,but it wasnt possible.由于这种句式表示“过去想”，所以bu