必修3unit5同位语从句.docx

1、必修3unit5同位语从句同位语从句【教学内容】同位语从句【教学目标】熟练掌握同位语从句【教学重难点】引导词的使用、同位语从句与定语从句的区别【教学过程】* 什么是同位语从句：同位语从句是名词性从句中的一种，是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句，它所修饰的词称为先行词。同位语从句在主句中的作用等同于先行词的作用。Eg:The news that well go on a picnic this Sunday isnt true. 这个星期天我们要去野餐的消息不是真的。析：The fact就等于well go on a picnic,是对the fact 的解释说明。同位语从句常修饰的名词 不

2、是所有的名词都可以跟同位语从句，可以被同位语从句修饰的多是含有抽象意义的名词。常用的有：advice 建议 belief 信念、相信 doubt 怀疑 explanation 解释 fear 害怕 fact事实hope 希望 idea 想法、主意 news 消息order 命令 opinion 观点 possibility 可能性promise 答应、诺言 problem 问题 question 问题report 报道 reply 答复 statement 论断suggestion 建议 thought 想法 truth 事实wish 愿望 warning 警告 word 消息* 同位语从句的

3、连接词的使用由that引导Eg:We heard the news that our team had won.我们听到我们队赢了。 They were worried over the fact that you were sick.他们为你生病发愁。 The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.明天放假的消息不实。在某些名词，例如suggestion,advice,request,order,demand,requirement等意为“建议，命令，要求”的名词后，同位语从句的谓语动词通常用“should+动词原形”的

4、虚拟语气结构，句中should可以省略。Eg:The suggestion that the new rule (should) be adopted came from the Chairman. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出来的。 They expressed the wish that she (should) accept the award. 他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。由whether引导的同位语从句 Eg:Answer my question whether he will come.你回答我的问题：你来不来。 The question whether it is right or

5、 wrong depend on the result.这个是对还是错要看结果。【注意】* whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。 * 名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；no doubt“不怀疑”后的同位语从句用that连接。如：We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。There is no doubt that Li Wei will keep his promise.毫无疑问，李伟会信守承诺的。由连接代词what,which,wh

6、o,whom引导的同位语从句Eg:Have you any idea what time it starts你知道什么时候开始吗 The question who should the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。 I have no idea whom they are talking about.我不知道他们在谈论谁。 I dont know the question which pen is mine.我不知道哪支笔是我的。由连接副词when,where,why,how引导的同位语从句Eg:I have no idea whe

7、n he will come.我不知道他什么时候回来。 It is a question how he did it.问题是他怎么去做。 He had no idea why she left.他不知道她为什么离开。 I dont know the question where the concert will be held.我不知道音乐会在哪里举行。【随即随练】1、用适当的连接词填空1.But they forget the fact that they were not experienced.2.I have no idea what is going on the day after

8、 tomorrow.3.The question when/why/how/whether they will come back is very important.4.The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is a trend.5.She asked me a question whether we will go swimming or not.6.I do hope you can keep your promise that you will never be late agai

9、n.7.She asked me a question where the meeting will be held.8.I dont know the reason why he was late for school.9.The fact that the transport of the goods costs too much was not discussed.10.He put forward the question when they will be back.11.I dont know the question which bag is yours.12.I have no

10、 idea who can finish the work.13.The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.同位语从句与定语从句的区别 *定语从句和同位语从句都是用来修饰名词的，因此也很容易混淆，以下从几个方面进行分析其区别： 从意义上来看：同位语从句相当于名词，对先行词的内容进行解释、补充说明；而定语从句相当于形容词，对先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用。Eg:I wont believe the fact that he lied to his mother.我不愿相信他对他母亲撒谎的事实。（that引导的同位语

11、从句，从句对fact的内容进行说明） I wont believe the fact (that) he told me.我不愿相信他告诉我的事实。（that引导定语从句，并在从句中作谓语动词的宾语，从句对fact进行限定） 从引导词来看：引导词that在同位语从句中是连词，只起连接作用，无具体词义，that不可省略；that在定语从句中是关系代词，它在从句中充当一定成分-主语或宾语，有具体词义，作宾语时还可以省略。Eg:The factory (that) we visited yesterday is a chemical one.昨天我们参观的是一家化工厂。 （that引导的定语从句，并

12、在从句中作宾语） The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.他将要去上海的消息是真的。（that引导的同位语从句，that只起连接从句的作用） 同位语从句所修饰的名词数量有限，往往是含有某种信息的词，如 message,news,fact,hope,desire,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,question,order等，而定语从句修饰的先行词无此限制。 when,where,why引导的定语从句与同位语从句的区别When,where,why引导定语从句时，分别指前面先行词所表示的时间、地点、原因，在从句

13、中作状语，而同位语从句中when,where,why等在从句中有疑问意义而且前面的名词不是表示时间、地点、原因的。Eg:I will remember the time when I won the prize in the National Maths Competition forever. 我将永远记着我在全国数学竞赛中获奖的那一刻。（定语从句） I have no idea when he won the prize in the National Maths Competition. 我不知道他是什么时候在全国数学竞赛中获奖的。（同位语从句） The question where w

14、e should go has not been discussed. 我们应当去哪里的问题还没有讨论。（同位语从句） This is the house where I lived two years ago. 这是两年前我们住的那个房子。（定语从句） Do you know the reason why he was late你知道他为什么迟到了吗（定语从句） I have no idea why it happened.我不知道它为什么会发生。（同位语从句) You have no idea how worried I was.你不知道我是多么的担心。（同位语从句）* 关系词what,h

15、ow,whether只能引导同位语从句，而不能引导定语从句。 判断定语从句和同位语从句的方法凡是同位语从句，改为The fact/news/idea/order/truth/thought is /was结构时，从语法及语意上都讲的通，而定语从句则不可。Eg:The news that our team won the game excited us all.(that引导的同位语从句） The news was that our team won the game excited us all. The news that the radio broadcast this morning is not true at all.(that引导的定语从句） The news was that the radio broadcast this morning is not true at all.(误）【牛刀小试】判断并分析下列句子是同位语从句还是定语从句1.The news that he told me was that Chinese Men s Football Team had lost again. (定语从句