江苏专版高考英语二轮复习增分篇专题巧突破专题四任务型阅读讲义Word下载.docx

1、407议论文2013Quiet Virtue: The Conscientious414命题者说从上表可以看出，近五年任务型阅读文章的体裁以说明文为主，偶有议论文出现，词数在400500之间，一般都比较难。这类文章结构清晰，很容易把握文章脉络。在题材的选取上更加富有时代气息，更加贴近考生的实际生活。2017年江苏高考任务型阅读“难度依旧”，是全卷中难度最大的题。要想任务型阅读得高分，考生必须具备极强的信息转换和概括能力！在复习中，要注意以下几点：1注意对词义和词性转化的积累，提高对固定搭配的敏感度。2重视对句子、段落与文章之间的逻辑关系的剖析，多进行概括总结题的训练。3熟读课文和历年高考真题中

2、的任务型阅读、完形填空和阅读理解经典篇目，培养对原汁原味文章深入理解的语感。感悟真题（2017江苏高考）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。每个空格只填一个单词。Why is the worlds population growing? The answer is not what you might think. The reason for the explosion is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits, but that people have stopped droppin

3、g dead like flies. In 1900, people died at the average age of 30. By 2000 the average age was 65. But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century, declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen fro

4、m 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays. Furthermore, around 50% of the worlds population live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level （i.e. 2.1 births per woman） and almost all developed nations are experiencing subreplacement birth rate. You might think that developing nati

5、ons would make up the loss （especially since 80% of the worlds people now live in such nations）, but youd be wrong. Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.A great decline in young work

6、 force is likely to occur in China, for instance. What does it imply? First, China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits the country. Second, if other factors such as technology remain constant, economic growth and material expectations will fall well below rec

7、ent standards and this could invite trouble.Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise. Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%. Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% sin

8、ce 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961. Why is this occurring? Nobody is quite sure, but poor diet and above all longtime alcoholism have much to do with it. If current trends dont bend, Russias population will be about the size of Yemens by the year 2050.In the nort

9、h of India, the population is booming due to high birth rates, but in the south, where most economic development is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly. In a further twist, birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas. In total, 25% of Indias

10、 workingage population has no education. In 2030, a sixth of the countrys potential work force could be totally uneducated.One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration. As for the USA, it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow

11、by 20% from 20102030. Moreover, the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants. As a result its likely to see a rise in the size of its workingage population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term. 答案与解析语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界人口变化的趋势及其原因，并分析了几个国家存在的人口问题。1lower信息概

12、括题。根据第一段最后一句中的“declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st”与第二段第一句“Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays.”可知，21世纪的出生率要比以前低很多，故答案为lower。2size/scale信息概括题。根据第二段的“almost all developed nations are experiencing subre

13、placement birth rate”和“Declining birth rate is a major problem .work force within a few decades.”可知，发达国家保持人口的现有规模也是困难重重。size/scale表示“尺寸，大小，规模”，符合文意。3immediate信息转换题。根据第二段最后一句中的“which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades”可知，在发展中国家，出生率下降的影响是灾难性的，但不会立即显现出来，而要等到几十年

14、之后，故答案为immediate。4economic直接信息题。根据第三段最后一句“Second, if other factors such as technology .this could invite trouble.”以及第四段第一句“Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise.”可以看出人口与经济的发展是密不可分的，人口出生率的下降也必将给经济的发展带来压力。5old/older信息转换题。根据第三段第一句中的“A great decline in

15、young work force is likely to occur in China”可知，中国的青壮年劳动力可能会大幅度减少，即劳动力老龄化，故答案为old/older。6earlier信息转换题。根据第四段中的“people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961”可知，俄罗斯人的寿命比1961年短了许多，即很多人早逝，故答案为earlier。7living/life信息概括题。根据第四段中对俄罗斯人的不良饮食习惯和酗酒的描述可以看出，他们的生活方式需要改变。way of living/life“生活方式”。8equal

16、ity信息概括题。根据第五段中对于印度人口出生率以及经济发展与教育的关系的叙述可以得出这样的结论：印度若能实现公民受教育机会的平等化，它的经济会有大的增长。equality“平等”，符合文意。9immigration直接信息题。根据最后一段第一句“One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration .by 20% from 20102030.”可知，通过移民这种方法美国在2010年至2030年中将使人口增加20%。10compensate信息概括题。根据最后一段的最后一句“As a result its lik

17、ely to see a rise .growth over the longer term.”可知，移民可能会带来劳动力人口的增加和经济的迅速增长，从而弥补青壮年劳动力的缺乏。compensate“补偿，弥补”，符合文意。把握考情任务型阅读题在测试考生阅读理解能力的基础上，对阅读信息进行二次加工，归纳要点，筛选、整合和综合概括零散信息，以表格的形式侧重考查考生的单词拼写、词性转换、句式转换、段落归纳等综合能力。特别要求考生掌握文章大意和分析文章结构、提纲和框架。该题型有如下特点：1题型结构任务型阅读由两部分组成：阅读材料和表格。它要求考生通过阅读所给材料，填写完成表格中空缺的信息。阅读材料为

18、一篇词数在400500之间的文章，在文章后设10道小题，每小题只填一词，所有题目都呈现在表格中。2题目类型任务型阅读设题灵活，主要考查以下三种题型。（1）直接信息题。这类题目考查考生基础，考生可以一边阅读一边从文章中直接找出答案。（2）信息转换题。这类题目主要考查考生的语法与词汇知识，如同义词转换、实词（名词、动词、形容词、副词）之间词性与词形转换等。（3）信息概括题。总结性词汇类题目主要考查考生的信息筛选能力和语言概括能力。归纳词类考题信息隐藏在某个语句、段落甚至整篇文章中，要求考生有较强的归纳概括能力，同时要有很好的词汇功底。任务型阅读的读文方式有多种，下面介绍一种既能提高解题速度又能提高

19、读文针对性的技巧，供大家在今后的解题中尝试运用。第一步：扫读表格把握表格结构，理清层次关系扫读表格，分析表格的设计结构，理清其显示的层次关系，初步了解文章的发展脉络及大体内容，同时，根据语法知识初步判断空缺位置所需词语的词性变化及形式要求。建议先看表格，这样我们就可以根据表格的内容了解文章的大意和行文结构。1表格的一般结构（1）全文的标题：全文的标题一般放在第一行，理解文章的标题有助于把握全文的主旨大意，阅读时要多加关注。（2）各段的大意：表格的左栏一般为文章各段的大意，利用表格与文章顺序的一致性有助于锁定解题的信息区间。（3）对各段内容的详细阐述：表格的右栏一般是对左栏各段大意的进一步阐述，

20、其中的表述一般为文章各段内容的转换和概括。2阅读表格的关注点（1）要特别注意表格前的小标题，它通常就是段落和表格的主题句。读懂了表格标题有助于理解短文及表格的大意、了解表格结构和题目的设置。（2）另外，要关注各段的大意，理解文章的结构和层次关系，把握文章的脉络和行文线索。第二步：略读文章速读全文，把握大意，理清文章结构理清表格结构之后，结合表格框架结构速读全文，尤其是每段的第一句话，即topic sentence和首尾段落，理清文章的写作思路和基本结构，以便加深对文章内容的了解。同时文章的结构往往也是很重要的设题线索。表格项目一般就是根据文章的结构而设计的。只有读懂了文章，才能顺利地在表格中填

21、出相应的信息。一、任务型阅读三大题型解题技巧1直接信息题这类题目要求考生能快速在文章中查找相关细节，锁定信息来源，并用文章中的词来填空。解题时可采用下列步骤：典例（2016江苏高考）Other people can help us compensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies （欠缺）, much as a wooden leg can compensate for a physical deficiency. To be exact, other people can extend our intelligence and help

22、 us understand and adjust our emotions. When another person helps us in such ways, he or she is participating in what Ive called a “social prosthetic （义肢的） system.” Such systems do not need to operate facetoface, and its clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prostheti

23、c systems. Its already a big bank of many minds. Even in its current state, the Internet has extended my memory and judgment.The （71） _ can help make up for our mental and emotional deficiencies as a wooden leg can compensate for a bodily deficiency.分析：根据题干中的“can help make up for our mental and emot

24、ional deficiencies”可以确定命题区间为第一段。根据第一段的内容，特别是“Such systems do not need to operate facetoface, and its clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems.”可以确定“互联网正在扩大我自己的社会修复系统的范围”，就像假肢能弥补身体的缺陷一样。第三步：确定答案为Internet。2信息转换题这类题型无法从原文中找到原词或完全一样的原句，这需要我们对文章进行加工或变通。这些变通

25、大多与语法知识有关，也有些与短语搭配和固定句型有关。信息转换题也和直接信息题一样，首先要找到文中与表格中相对应的信息。解题时可采用以下三个步骤：江苏高考）Regarding memory: Once I look up something on the Internet, I dont need to keep all the details for future use I know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so. More generally, the Internet funct

26、ions as if it were my memory. This function of the Internet is particularly striking when Im writing; Im no longer comfortable writing if Im not connected to the Internet. Its become natural to check facts as I write, taking a minute or two to dip into PubMed, Wikipedia, or other websites.On the Int

27、ernet, we could quickly and easily locate the details, and check facts, without （73） _ them in mind.题干中的“we could quickly and easily locate the details”与文章第二段中“I know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so”意思相近，因此可以定位到这一段。根据第二段中的第一句“Once I look up something on the Inte

28、rnet, I dont need to keep all the details for future use”可以确定关键信息词是keep。因为题干上要填写的单词前面是介词without，所以确定答案填keep的动名词形式，即：keeping。附：信息转换常用词句1belong to the club a member/one of the members of the club2object to be opposed to oppose3dont respond to . make no response to . say nothing in response to .4accomp

29、any sb. keep sb. company5accuse . of . charge . with .6cant help/choose but do . have no alternative/choice but to do .7apply to . make an application to .8an approach to doing a way to do/of doing9approve of subscribe to be in favor of support10be beneficial to be of benefit to benefit 11be bored w

30、ith be tired of be fed up with12do sth. with caution do sth. cautiously13Its likely that . The chance is that ./Chances are that . There is a chance （are chances） that .14compared to/with . in comparison with .15congratulate sb. on sth. show/express congratulations to sb. on sth.16as a result in consequence17consist of be made up of be composed of18agree with correspond with/to be consistent with19face sth. be faced with sth.20be merciful to have mercy on show mercy to21a little slightly22thank sb. be grateful to sb.23draw near be around the corner24occur to sb. st