Learning strategy.docx

1、Learning strategy Learning strategies1.1Definition of learning strategyLearning strategyspecifically about language learning strategy in L2/FL learning. It refers to Students self-generated thoughts, feelings, and actions, which are systematically oriented toward attainment of their goals.1.2 Classi

2、fications of learning strategiesLearning strategies for planning how to learn, thinking, listening, speaking, reading, writing and translating and etc.What I conclude about learning strategies consists of several domains: thinking, listening, speaking, reading, writing and translating and etc. 1. St

3、rategies for Planning How to Learn(1) Advance OrganizationDoing a preview of what you are going to learn. For example, if you want to improve yourpronunciation, you can read the introduction to different pronunciation books, and find out that you need to study the sounds ofconsonants,vowels,intonati

4、on,stressandlinking.(2) Directing AttentionThis means paying attention to studying something, and not doing other things like surfing the Internet.(3) Selective AttentionThis means studying things that you can remember more easily, for example, because they are useful for your university course or f

5、or your job. If you need to do a presentation for your course you can studypresentations, if you need to write a report at work, you can learn how to write areport.(4) Self-managementThis can help you learn, and organize them. For example, if you like music, you will learn it in a place . You will a

6、lso need materials like books and maybe a computer. CILL has good learning conditions (but no coffee!).(5)Advance PreparationPlanning and learning English that you will need for something, for example learning the correct pronunciation of important words in a presentation.(6) Self-monitoringCorrecti

7、ng yourself if you make a mistake when you are using English. This is good for accuracy, but not for fluency.(7) Delayed ProductionWhen you first start to learn a new language you may decide not to try speaking until you have learned somevocabulary,grammarand pronunciation. You may just want to tryt

8、o listenfirst, beforespeaking.(8) Self-evaluation(Self-assessment or testing)Deciding if you have finished learning a topic because your English is good enough to do the things you need. Click here for more details onhow to test yourself.(9) Self-reinforcementThis means giving yourself a present whe

9、n you have successfully learned something. For example, chocolate or 10 minutes playing computer games.2. Thinking Strategies(1) GroupingPutting things in groups and in order helps you to build a framework for learning. Grouping also reflects the way your brain organizes information. For example, yo

10、u can group vocabulary words together according to categories like furniture, animals, office equipment, etc. Usingmind-mapsis one type of grouping.(2) ImageryThis means making pictures in your mind to help you remember things.3. Speaking Strategies(1) Questions for ClarificationThis means talking t

11、o English-speakers and asking for them to repeat, paraphrase (summarize in different words), explain or give examples. You can say:Repeat: Im sorry, I didnt catch that, can you say that again?Paraphrase: Im sorry, Im not sure what you mean. Can you tell me again?Explain: Could you explain that for m

12、e?Examples: Could you give me an example?(2) Recording yourselfRecord yourself speaking, either on your own, or with other people. Later you can review the recording, listen for problems such as saying Um too much, and research anything that you didnt know how to say.(3) Form a group of people to pr

13、actice speaking EnglishIn CILL you can join theSAPto do this with a teacher. TheEnglish Clubalso runs the Big Mouth Corner for speaking practice.(4) Sing: You can sing English songs that you like, either alone, or with friends; e.g. karaoke.(5) ActYou can join a drama club or group that puts on Engl

14、ish plays. The ELC has aDrama Club.(6) Imagine Imaging that you are in a situation where you need to speak English; e.g. as a character you like in a movie. Try to imagine what you would say. 4. Pronunciation Strategies(1) RepetitionYou can repeat a word out loud or silently to practice pronunciatio

15、n. Be careful to listen to a model to make sure that you pronunciation is correct.(2)SoundThis means remembering English sounds by using sounds in your own language. For example, the English sound / i: /is very similar to the Chinese (Putonghua) sound of the word that means one.5. WritingStrategies(

16、1) Note-takingIts a good idea to write down the main ideas, important points, an outline or a summary of a topic.(2) OrganizationYou can use amind-map,organisation toolorpros and cons calculatorto help you organize the information.(3) Proof-readingYou can use this program to automaticallycheck for s

17、ome common mistakes.(4) Peer-reviewAsk a friend to read your text and comment on it. Do they understand it? Can they suggest any improvements?(5) To-do list Write a list of 10 specific problems you have with your writing. Put them in order of seriousness or solvability. Work on the highest priority

18、problems until you solve them. When you have solved them, cross them out, and add new problems to the bottom of the list.6. ReadingStrategies(1)TransferThis means using ideas that you already have to make learning easier. For example, if you know that a paragraph (like ahamburger) usually has an int

19、roduction, a middle containing supporting detail, and a conclusion, you can use this knowledge toskim(read very quickly, by missing out non-important information, to understand the general topic) a text because you know that you only have to read the introduction and conclusion of both the whole tex

20、t and the paragraphs.(2) TranslationYou can read a story in a newspaper in your own language first, then read the same story in anEnglish newspaper. Most of the story will probably be the same, so the story in your own language will help you to prepare for reading in English. For example, it will gi

21、ve you vocabulary, and when you read the English story and there is some vocabulary that you dont know, then you can use your knowledge of the story to guess what the newvocabularyis.(3) InferencingYou can also use the strategy of reading a newspaper story in your own language first for prediction.

22、You can predict the contents of the same story in an English newspaper. Reading to confirm your predictions is easier than reading with no background information. Click here for more information onreading newspapers.(4) PredictionAs well as predicting from newspaper stories in your own language, you

23、 can predict from your knowledge of the world, you knowledge of how people think, write and talk, and your knowledge of what the writer is like. For example, if you are reading a book it is a good idea to read about the author and the contents (on the cover or at the front of the book) to help you m

24、ake predictions about what he or she believes.7. ListeningStrategies(1) Physical ResponseYou can listen to instructions about how to do something, and follow the instructions. Relating sounds to movements helps you remember the sounds. So does listening to the sounds many times and repeating the mov

25、ements. For example you can buy an English fitness video and listen and follow the instructions, and get fit at the same time.(2) PredictionYou can predict what someone is going to say by the topic of the conversation and your knowledge of that persons opinions. Listening to confirm what you predict

26、 is easier than listening and trying to understand everything. For example, if you are watching a film or TV programme about lawyers, you can predict that the defense lawyer will say that his client is Not guilty., and give reasons. Here are some phrases and predictions about the words that will fol

27、low:I think + an opinion.Im afraid that + bad news.Next, + another topic or point.Finally, + a last topic or point.But + disagreement.(3) PreparationYou can listen to the news in your own language, then listen to it in English. Listening in your own language will help to predict what topics and voca

28、bulary will be in the English news. (4)Motivate yourselfFor example, if you likemoviesor music, you can practice listening to them. CILL has a large collection of movies, and some songs on CD.8. Grammar Strategies(1) DeductionThis means using rules to work out the answer or how to do something. It i

29、s especially useful for grammar, for example, Rule: To change normal speech to reported speech; eg. for writing minutes of a meeting, move the tenses back one past tense. Example: Mr. Chan - Iwill seeher tomorrow. Reported speech - Mr. Chan said thathe would seeher the next day.(2) RecombinationThis

30、 means joining together things you already know to make new things. For example, if you know that thesimple past tenseis used to describe things that happened in the past which have finished, and you know that thepresent perfect tenseis used to describe experience, you can make a sentence that inclu

31、des both of them: I firstvisitedAmerica in 1990. Last summer Iwentthere again, so Ihave beenthere twice.(3) Writing your own grammar bookThis can contain rules, examples (e.g. from newspapers or magazines), your notes (e.g. on things you dont understand), lists of exceptions, etc.(4) Using new gramm

32、arAfter you learn some new grammar, use it in conversation or writing, and see what your listeners or readers reaction is: do they understand you? You can ask Did I say that right?(5) Get a grammar book: come to CILL or go to a bookshop and look at the different grammar books. Choose one that you understand.(6) Read and listenTo see how writers and speakers use English grammar to communicat