真题英语一Word文件下载.docx

1、And where is the nearestwater source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water._9 ,ifyou head downhill, and follow any H20 you find, you should 10 see1signs of peopleIf youve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights-you may be 11how quickly identifyi

2、ng a distinctive rock or tree can restore yourbearings.Another 12 Climb high and look for signs of human habitation.13 even in densefores, you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and otherpaths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At m

3、ightcan the horizon for 17 light sources such as fires and streetlights, thenwalk toward the glowof light pollution.18 , assuming youre lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the 19 weleave on the landscape. Trail blazes tire tracks. and other features can 20 you to civilization.1.ASome B

4、MostC FewD All2.AputBtakeC runD come3.ASinceBIfCThough D until4.AFormallyBrelatively C gradually D literally25.A backBnextC aroundD away6.A ontoBoffCacrossD alone7.A unattractiveBuncrowdedCunchanged Dunfamiliar8.A siteBpointCwayD place9.A SoBYetCInsteadD BesideslO. A immediately B intentionally C un

5、expectedly Deventually11.A surprisedB annoyedC frightenedDconfused12.A problemBoptionCviewD result13.AAbove allB In contrast COnaverageDForexample14.AbridgeB avoidCspotD separate15.AformBthroughC beyondD Under16.A postsBlinksC shadesDbreaks17.A artificialB mysteriousChiddenDlimited18.FinallyBConsequ

6、entlyCIncidentallyGenerally19.A memoriesBmarksCnotesDbelongings20.ArestrictBadoptC leadD exposeSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ARead the following four texts, Answer the questions each text by3choosing A B. C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET （40 points）Text 1Financial regulators in Br

7、itain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks.Starting next year. any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 1o years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this clawback rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk takin

8、g and to restore public trust in financial institution, Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long term decision-making not only by banks but by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.“Short-termism”or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publ

9、icly traded companies.says the Bank of Englands top economist. Andrew Haldane. He quotes a gaint of classicaleconomics, Alfred Marshall in describing this financial impatience as acting like Children whopick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once”rather than putting them aside to be eate

10、n last.The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain. he notes has4dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demandhigh quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firms efforts to invest in lone-term researchor to build up c

11、ustomer loyalty. This has been dubbed quarterlycapitalism”.In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities quicker useof information, and thus shorters attention spans in financial markets. There seems to be apredominance of short- term thinking at the expense of lo

12、ng-terminvesting,”said CommissionerDaniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in a speech this week.In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Acl of 2002 has pushed most public companies to deferperformance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduceshort-termism. I

13、n its latest survey of CEO pay The Wall street Journal finds thata substantial partof executive pay is now tied to performance.Much more could be done to encourage long-termism, such as changes in the tax code5and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a comp

14、anyinvestment for at least two years can sometimes can more voting rights in a company.Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives tothink beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders, Britainsnew rule is a reminder to bankers that

15、society has an interest in their performance not just for the short term but for the long term.21. According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule isA. enhance bankers sense of responsibilityB help corporations achieve larger profitsC. build a new system of financial regulationD. guara

16、ntee the bonuses of top executives22. Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicateA. the conditions for generating quick profitsB. governments impatience in decision-makingC. the solid structure of publicly traded companiesD. short-termism in economic activities23. It is argued that the influence of transi

17、ent investment on public6companies can beA. indited B. adverse C. minimal D temporary24. The US and France examples and used to illustrateA. the obstacles to preventing short-termism.B. the significance or long term thinking.C. the approaches to promoting long-termism.D. the prevalence of short-term

18、 thinking.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the textA. Failure of Quarterly CapitalismB. Patience as a Corporate VirtueC. Decisiveness Required of Top ExecutivesD. Frustration of Risk-taking BankersText 2Grade inflation-the gradual increase in average GPAs （grade-point averages）

19、 over the pastfew decades-is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education, in whichstudents are treated like customers to be pleased. But another, related force -a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called grade forgiveness- is helping raise GPAs.Grade forgiveness allows

20、 students to retake a course in which theyreceived a low grade, andthe most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts incalculating a studentsoverall GPA.The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years, as colleges continue todo their utmost to keep students

21、 in school （and paying tuition） and improve their gradation rates.When this practice fir started decades ago, it was usually limited to freshmen, to give them asecond chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-levelcourses. But now most colleges, save

22、 for many selective campuses, allow all undergraduates, andeven graduate students, to get their low grades forgiven.College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the gradeitself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree prog

23、ram andgradation without incurring a big penalty. Untimely. said Jack Mine, Ohio State Universityregistrar. we see students achieve more success because they retake a8course and do better insubsequent contents or master the content that allows them to graduate on time.That said, there is a way in wh

24、ich grade forgiveness satisfies colleges own needs as well. Forpublic institutions state finds are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such asgraduation rates and student retention so better grades can, by boosting figures like those, meanmore money. And anything that raises GPAs will

25、likely make students who, at the end of the dayare paying the bill-feel theyve gotten a better value for their tuitiondollars, which is another bigconcern for colleges.Indeed grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumersexpectations for higher education. Since s

26、tudents and parents expect a college degree to lead to a job, it is in the best interest of a school to tum out gradates who are as qualified as possible-orat least appear to be. On this, students and collegesincentives seem to be aligned.26. What is commonly regarded as the cause of grade inflation

27、?9A. The change of course catalogs.B. Students indifference to GPAS.C Colleges neglect of GPAS.D. The influence of consumer culture.27. What was the original purpose of grade forgivenessA. To help freshmen adapt to college learning.B. To maintain colleges graduation rates.C. To prepare graduates for a challenging future.D. To increase universities income from tuition.28. A